Effect Of Film Thickness Research Articles

Analysis of spray characteristics of a jet-film injection element based on Voronoi tessellation

The present paper presents a computational study based on a validated Volume-of-Fluid method on the effects of film thickness and film width on spray characteristics for the simplified jet-film injection element with varying mass flow rate conditions. First, the spray characteristics of a typical jet-film collision were analyzed in terms of the spatial distribution of Sauter Mean Diameter and Voronoi tessellation. Both the Voronoi diagram and the Sauter Mean Diameter contour are useful to evaluate the spray characteristics because they show two different aspects of the sprays. Second, the jet-film spray characteristics were analyzed by decreasing either film thickness or film width to change the mass flow rate. The results show that decreasing film width results in approximately insensitive spray angle and improved uniformity of droplet distribution for different throttleable levels. The present computational results verified our design concept that adopting traditional jet-film injection at a large mass flow rate and modified jet-jet injection at a small mass flow rate to maintain good spray performance during the entire throttleable levels.

Effect of aggregate size and film quality on the electrochemical properties of non-noble metal catalysts in rotating ring disk electrode measurements

Non-noble metal catalysts (NNMCs) are promising candidates to replace the high-cost Pt-based catalysts required to catalyze the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in the cathode of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), and their electrochemical properties (i.e., ORR-activity and H2O vs. H2O2 selectivity) are commonly studied using rotating ring disk electrode (RRDE) measurements. However, such RRDE measurements are often performed using high NNMC-loadings that can lead to underestimated H2O2-yields. These effects can be curtailed by using lower loadings entailing the preparation of thin films whose homogeneity reportedly impacts the RRDE-results observed for Pt-based catalyst, but of unknown effects in the NNMC field. To shed light on this matter, in this study we investigated the effect of film thickness and quality on the electrochemical behavior of three NNMCs featuring different aggregate sizes ranging from ≈ 5 μm to ≈ 100 nm. The RRDE-results displayed a significant enhancement in the ORR limiting current of the NNMC with a smaller particle size that we tied to its improved mass transport properties. Moreover, improving the thin film quality led to a ≈ 2-fold enhancement of the H2O2-yield (vs. a similarly loaded, yet non-homogeneous NNMC-film) that demonstrates the importance of this parameter for the ORR-selectivity trends inferred from these RRDE measurements.

Finite-temperature properties of CsPbI3 thin films

${\mathrm{CsPbI}}_{3}$ is an inorganic perovskite solar cell material with a band gap appropriate for solar cell applications and photo conversion efficiency greater than 18%. However, this material is also known to undergo many phase transformations within the perovskite structure, starting from a high-temperature cubic phase to a tetragonal phase, leading to a room-temperature orthorhombic phase, with each phase having a different photovoltaic response. The tetragonal phase has been shown to have the highest photoconversion efficiency (18.4%), followed by the cubic phase (17%) and the orthorhombic phase (12.5%). In this work, we use the newly formulated first-principles--based effective Hamiltonian for ${\mathrm{CsPbI}}_{3}$ to investigate the phase transformation sequence in ${\mathrm{CsPbI}}_{3}$ thin films. We investigate the effect of film thickness and substrate strain on the phase transformations and the room-temperature phase. The effect of screening is also investigated. The three perovskite phases previously found in bulk by experiments and by computations were also found to exist in the thin film. It is shown that thickness and substrate strain can stabilize photoactive perovskite tetragonal and cubic phases at room temperature, both of which can be used for solar cell applications.

Effect of film thickness on the electrical transport in Co2FeAl0.5Si0.5 thin films

The effect of film thickness on the structural- and electrical-properties is investigated in Co2FeAl0.5Si0.5 (CFAS) thin films of thickness, t, in the range 12–75 nm. These films are grown by ultrahigh vacuum dc magnetron sputtering on Si(100) substrates with SiO2 buffer layer (300 nm), at the substrate temperature of 500 ◦C. The GIXRD patterns reveal that B2 structural order decreases with increasing t. The film with t = 75 nm has sizable A2 disorder. Irrespective of t, ρ(T, H = 0) goes through a minimum at Tmin. An elaborate quantitative analysis of the ρ(T, H = 0) data, taken over the temperature range 5 K to 300 K, demonstrates that the electron-diffuson (e–d) and weak localization (WL) effects (responsible for the negative temperature coefficient of resistivity (TCR) for T < Tmin) compete with the electron-magnon (e–m) and electron–phonon (e–p) scattering (positive TCR) contributions to produce a minimum at Tmin. Residual resistivity, ρ5K, and the e–d, wl, e–m and e–p scattering contributions to ρ(T, H = 0), ρe–d, ρwl, ρe–m and ρe–p, all go through a minimum at t = 50 nm. Regardless of t, the thermal renormalization of the spin-wave stiffness makes a significant contribution to ρe–m.

Effect of Film Thickness on the Kinetics of Lithium Insertion in LiMn2O4 Films Made by Multilayer Pulsed Laser Deposition for Thin‐Film All‐Solid‐State Battery Cathode Materials**

AbstractMulti‐layer pulsed laser deposition is a promising technique for producing thin films for solid‐state batteries. In this work, thin films are deposited with different numbers of pulses, leading to different thicknesses and grain sizes. We investigated “in operando” the kinetics of the transfer into films by means of dynamic impedance spectroscopy. This technique allowed us to resolve the contributions of the reaction mechanism and of the transport phenomena, as well as to quantify their equivalent resistances. Surprisingly, with increasing film thickness, the charge transfer resistance increases while the apparent diffusion coefficient of lithium increases, leading to a decrease of the mass transport resistance. It appears that both these effects are related to the dimension of the crystals in the thin films. These results provide new insights for an optimal tuning of the materials’ preparation in view of maximizing their electrochemical performances.

Effect of Thickness on Electrical and Optical Properties of ZnO:Al Films

Zinc oxide (ZnO:Al) films were prepared on a substrate of different thicknesses by sputtering at 1×10−2 mbar argon gas pressure and 200 W power. The effect of film thickness on the structural, electrical, and optical properties was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), 4-point probe technique, and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. The XRD film crystal structure study revealed that all sample films at thicknesses of 66, 106, 150 and 193 nm, respectively, exhibited planar Hexagonal wurtzite crystal structure (002), and ZnO crystals were grown along the c-axis. The ZnO:Al film at a thickness of 66 nm had the highest strain and the smallest crystal size compared to other films. The electrical resistivity decreases with increasing film thickness. The sample at 193 nm has the lowest resistivity (1.37 Ω.m). The results showed that light transmission revealed that all sample films had high transparency in the white and near-UV region at a wavelength of 350 to 800 nm, with an average light transmittance shift of 85 - 95 %. The energy band gap increased with the film thickness of 3.49(66 nm), 3.55(106 nm), and 3.59(150 nm) eV, and decreased to 3.57 eV at 193 nm, respectively. HIGHLIGHTS The different thicknesses Zinc oxide (ZnO:Al) films were prepared by sputtering at 1×10-2 mbar argon gas pressure and 200 W power was used to study the effect of film thickness on the structural, electrical, and optical properties The electrical resistivity changing of ZnO:Al film depends on the film thickness. The electrical resistivity is reduced with increasing ZnO:Al film thickness The ZnO:Al film are highlighted by their characteristics for light transmission at the wavelengths between 350 and 800 nm, and exhibited exceptional transparency in the white and near-UV range GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

A universal synthetic methodology of superhydrophobic protective film on various substrates with convenient and stable precursor

In this study, we presented a universal and convenient method to prepare superhydrophobic film on the substrates of Al, Al alloy, indium-tin oxide (ITO), fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) and glass slide respectively. The precursor solution of silane mixture was recovered by dissolving the pre-synthesized powders of silane in alcohol, which is easy to prepare and store, stable and portable. As expected, all of the five substrates achieved superhydrophobic properties with contact angle of more than 160° after spin-coating the above precursor on their surface. In addition, the effect of superhydrophobic film thickness on light transmittance was investigated by spin-coating different concentrations of precursor solutions on ITO substrates. There is a certain transmission enhancement effect on the wavelength range of 525–675 nm, indicating the good light transmittance of superhydrophobic film prepared by this method. Electrochemical measurements confirmed that the superhydrophobic film coated Al and its alloys possess excellent anti-corrosion properties.

Effects of film thickness on electrochemical properties of nanoscale polyethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT) thin films grown by oxidative molecular layer deposition (oMLD).

Poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) (PEDOT) has a high theoretical charge storage capacity, making it of interest for electrochemical applications including energy storage and water desalination. Nanoscale thin films of PEDOT are particularly attractive for these applications to enable faster charging. Recent work has demonstrated that nanoscale thin films of PEDOT can be formed using sequential gas-phase exposures via oxidative molecular layer deposition, or oMLD, which provides advantages in conformality and uniformity on high aspect ratio substrates over other deposition techniques. But to date, the electrochemical properties of these oMLD PEDOT thin films have not been well-characterized. In this work, we examine the electrochemical properties of 5-100 nm thick PEDOT films formed using 20-175 oMLD deposition cycles. We find that film thickness of oMLD PEDOT films affects the orientation of ordered domains leading to a substantial change in charge storage capacity. Interestingly, we observe a minimum in charge storage capacity for an oMLD PEDOT film thickness of ∼30 nm (60 oMLD cycles at 150 °C), coinciding with the highest degree of face-on oriented PEDOT domains as measured using grazing incidence wide angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS). Thinner and thicker oMLD PEDOT films exhibit higher fractions of oblique (off-angle) orientations and corresponding increases in charge capacity of up to 120 mA h g-1. Electrochemical measurements suggest that higher charge capacity in films with mixed domain orientation arise from the facile transport of ions from the liquid electrolyte into the PEDOT layer. Greater exposure of the electrolyte to PEDOT domain edges is posited to facilitate faster ion transport in these mixed domain films. These insights will inform future design of PEDOT coated high-aspect ratio structures for electrochemical energy storage and water treatment.

Effect of film thickness on output power of a piezoelectric vibration energy harvester using hydrothermally synthesized (K,Na)NbO3 film

The dependence of the output power of piezoelectric vibration energy harvesters on film thickness was systematically investigated using {100} c -oriented epitaxial (K,Na)NbO3 films prepared on single-crystal SrTiO3 substrates by the hydrothermal deposition technique. First, we measured the vibration energy harvesting properties by a unimorph Pt/(K,Na)NbO3//SrRuO3//SrTiO3 cantilever. Based on the fact that the elastic stiffness of (K,Na)NbO3 is lower than that of SrTiO3 substrate, it can be understood that increasing film thickness leads to decreasing Q m, resulting in the decrease in output power as film thickness increased under the same input acceleration condition. In the next step, these cantilevers were attached to an Al plate having a much larger volume than the Pt/(K,Na)NbO3//SrRuO3//SrTiO3 cantilever. The output power of this type of harvester was more than 400% greater when the film thickness was increased from 3.5 to 22.3 μm due to the almost constant Q m value.

Research on impact reduction of flexible boundary particle damping honeycomb plate based on discrete element multi body dynamics coupling

<abstract> <p>The exposed platform is the main component of precision instruments such as pyrotechnic separation devices and load adapters, and its dynamic response characteristics are a key factor affecting the stability of aircraft. When the pyrotechnic separation device explodes, the exposed platform will be subjected to high-frequency, transient and high-order pyrotechnic impacts. High order pyrotechnic impacts can easily cause damage to sensitive components in onboard equipment, resulting in incalculable losses. Filling the honeycomb core cavity inside the exposed platform with a flexible boundary particle damper can effectively attenuate the pyrotechnic impact load after experiencing a large number of discontinuous structures. A numerical model of a flexible boundary particle damper and an exposed platform honeycomb panel was established through the coupling of discrete element and multi body dynamics. The effects of particle material, particle size, filling rate and flexible boundary film thickness on the impact reduction performance of the flexible boundary particle damper were analyzed, and the optimal characteristic parameters of the flexible boundary particle damper were obtained. The impact test was conducted on the honeycomb panel of the exposed platform using a light gas gun impact experiment, verifying the impact reduction effect of the flexible boundary particle damper and the accuracy of the numerical model. Finally, a pyrotechnic impact experiment was conducted on the exposed platform honeycomb panel with the optimal parameter flexible boundary particle damper. The experimental results showed that the impact reduction effect of the flexible boundary particle damper with this parameter reached 55.52%.</p> </abstract>

Study of electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness of multilayer graphene films by Monte Carlo method

In this paper, the electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) of multilayer graphene films is studied by the Monte Carlo (MC) method. First, we use the transfer matrix method to study the transmission and reflection of electric fields of the incident light passing through the graphene plane and the dielectric interface, and then determine the reflection and transmission probability of the light. In this way, the path of light can be obtained by the MC method. From the distance and emission direction of a large number of lights passing through the film, the expected value of the emitted light field is calculated and the EMI SE is determined. The obtained results of SE are shown to be in good agreement with several sets of experimental data. This model also takes into account the influence of wrinkles of graphene. It is found that EMI SE first increases and then decreases with the increase of wrinkle. The effects of film thickness, conductivity, and dielectric constant on EMI SE in the X-band frequency range are also investigated.

Dewetting Behavior of Random Copolymer Films Induced by Solvent Vapor Annealing.

In recent years, the dewetting behavior of block copolymer films has been studied a lot, but that of random copolymer films was rarely studied. In this study, effects of film thickness and solvent vapor annealing duration (0 s-24 h) on the dewetting behavior of the spin-coated poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) (SAN) random copolymer films were mainly investigated by atomic force microscopy and contact angle method for the first time. The film thicknesses of the SAN films prepared at different concentrations were characterized by X-ray reflectometry to be 6-34 nm. With the annealing of acetone vapor, the SAN films first appear holes and then rupture into droplets which fuse and break periodically. The periodic evolutions of the droplets are due to the preferred affinity of acetone molecules with the AN segments and the change of surface energy. This phenomenon is different from the single evolutions in the spin-coated polystyrene-block-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PS-b-PMMA) block copolymer films. This illustrates the interactions between AN segments and the substrate are stronger than those between PMMA segments and the substrate in the spin-coated films.

A Coupling Model for Tribodynamic Behavior of the Hydroviscous Flexible Drive With Consideration of Saucer-Warping Deformation

An improved coupling model, including the dynamic transmission characteristics and thermal deformation behavior of the disks, is developed for predicting the tribodynamic behavior of the hydroviscous flexible drive under realistic driving conditions. The present work overcomes previous limitations by incorporating transient saucer-warping deformation due to friction heat. Dynamic parameters because of the saucer-warping angle effects, including the film thickness and total torque, are analyzed based on an iterative method. Axial deformation, radial deformation, and saucer-warping angle are simultaneously obtained by finite-element analysis. Based on the comparison with the experimental data, the performance of the coupling model is found satisfactory. The results show that the increase of the saucer-warping angle is favorable for the improvement of flexible transmission characteristics. As a result of the saucer-warping angle effects, significant reduction of the inlet flow rate will lead to the reduction of maximum total torque. Neither radial displacements nor axial displacements are good enough to predict the evolution rule about friction heat during the engagement process. Based on the combined effects of equivalent film thickness and real frictional area, the torque results for the deformed disks are larger than those when the disks are parallel. The saucer-warping angle effect begins to dominate the total torque especially when the film thickness reaches its minimum. The model developed in this research may become an efficient alternative model for the prediction of flexible transmission behavior of the real driving system.

Intensive studies on the structural, optical, and optoelectrical properties of a novel kesterite Cu2CdGeS4 thin films

The present study intends to investigate the effect of film thickness on the novel kesterite Cu2CdGeS4 (CCGS4) thin films that are deposited by a chemical bath deposition procedure at room temperature. The XRD data demonstrates that the polycrystalline Cu2CdGeS4 structure was displayed in all the prepared samples with an orthorhombic single phase. Utilizing spectrophotometric measurements of transmittance and reflectance spectra throughout the spectral range of 300–2500 nm, the optical characteristics were investigated. The optical analysis of the Cu2CdGeS4 thin films indicated that the refractive index n-values of the chemically deposited Cu2CdGeS4 films rise from 2.47 to 3.44 by increasing the thickness, while the absorption coefficient values of the Cu2CdGeS4 films are in the range of 105 cm−1. On the other hand, as the film thickness rises, the dielectric constant and optical conductivity also rise. The electronic transitions of the chemically deposited Cu2CdGeS4 thin films were caused by allowed direct transitions, and the optical band gap was found to be reduced from 1.53 eV to 1.27 eV as the film thickness enlarged, while the Urbach energy improved from 0.19 eV to 0.25 eV. Also, the nonlinear optical parameters of the Cu2CdGeS4 thin films strongly depend on the film thickness, and these values were improved by increasing the film thickness. The hot-probe experiment yields a negative voltage for each sample, confirming our films' propensity for p-type semiconductor behavior.

Effect of TiO2 thin film thickness and dye characterization using Binahong leaf (Anredera cordifolia) as photosensitizer in dye-sensitized solar cell

Abstrak. Dye pada sel surya jenis DSSC merupakan bahan utama yang digunakan sebagai fotosensitizer yang dapat menyerap spektrum warna serta sangat berpengaruh bagi efisiensi sel. Pada penelitian ini, dye yang digunakan adalah pigmen klorofil. Binahong (Anredera Cordifolia) merupakan tanaman yang dapat tumbuh di dataran rendah maupun dataran tinggi dan dapat tumbuh dengan mudah, sehingga daun ini banyak dan mudah ditemukan. Parameter yang menentukan baik atau tidaknya suatu TiO2 digunakan sebagai lapisan semikonduktor pada DSSC selain dari ukuran partikelnya yang kecil, serta ketebalan dari lapisan TiO2 yang meliputi suatu ketebalan lapisan TiO2 dengan struktur permukaan serta diameter pori antar partikel TiO2 sebagai diffusor dye. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa cell memiliki efisiensi tertinggi 7.24%, rekor efisiensi tertinggi dalam capaian efisiensi dye berbasis klorofil. Abstract. Dye in DSSC solar cells is the primary pigment used as a photosensitizer. It can absorb the color spectrum and is very influential on cell efficiency. In this research, the dye used is chlorophyll pigment. Binahong (Anredera cordifolia) is a plant that can grow in the lowlands and highlands and can grow easily, so the leaves are abundant and easy to find. Parameters that determine whether or not a TiO2 is used as a semiconductor layer in DSSC apart from its small particle size and the thickness of the TiO2 layer which includes a TiO2 layer thickness which includes surface structure and pore diameter between TiO2 particles as an absorber layer. The results showed that the cell had the highest efficiency of 7.24%, the highest efficiency in achieving the efficiency of chlorophyll-based dyes.

Explosive boiling of water films based on molecular dynamics simulations: Effects of film thickness and substrate temperature

This paper deals with investigations of mechanisms governing explosive boiling of water films on hot copper substrate with plain surface. The investigations are based on results of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations in which film thickness (7.5 nm, 17 nm and 25.5 nm) and substrate temperature (800 K, 700 K and 600 K) are set as parameters. Analyses of heating transients, which lead to explosive boiling event, are done comparing the following quantities for considered MD configurations: time instant of explosive boiling onset, dynamics of vapour generation, increase of water film thickness due to thermal expansion and vapour generation, evolution of water temperature as well as heat transfer from the copper substrate to the water film. These analyses have shown that explosive boiling onset is related neither to the value of substrate temperature nor to the film thickness in a straightforward way. The investigations of temperature and per atom energy in the water region near the heating substrate surface have revealed that beside thermal also mechanical mechanisms can play significant role in triggering of explosive boiling. The mechanical mechanisms, related to pressure wave propagation in liquid film, comprise occurrence of tensile stresses which induce / intensify generation of vapour phase in the near wall region. The obtained results show that thermal effects are dominant in cases with high substrate temperature and thick liquid films as in these configurations the water temperature reaches spinodal value and explosive boiling is triggered before expansion wave reaches the near wall region. In cases when water in the near wall region is strongly overheated (but well below spinodal temperature), tensile stresses induced by expansive wave propagation cause intensive vapour generation and contribute dominantly to occurrence of explosive boiling. Finally, in cases with lower substrate temperature and thin liquid films, an interplay of thermal and mechanical mechanisms leads to explosive boiling. Beside these, the disjoining pressure seems to play a role in cases with thin liquid films.

Effects of sandwiched film thickness and cutting tool water contact angle on the processing outcomes in nanoskiving of nanowires

To calculate the shear yield stress and effect of the gold film thickness on sandwich structures, a force transducer was used to measure cutting forces during nanoskiving, and an orthogonal cutting model, which considered liquid parameters, was used for analysis the slicing process. Sandwich structures with gold film thicknesses of 50 nm and 150 nm were prepared. The contact angles between the water surface in the trough and its edge line were 0° (horizontal) and 35° (protruding) during slicing. The cutting feed of the slab should be < 430 nm for sandwich structures with a 50-nm gold film thickness and < 344 nm for a 150-nm gold film thickness to ensure dimensional accuracy. The sandwich structure with a gold film had a higher shear yield stress than a pure epoxy structure. Increasing the thickness of the gold film and the contact angle with the water surface decreased the strength of the structure, thereby facilitating cutting. In accordance with a comparison of segmented cutting-force curves for the sandwich structure, this characteristic is a result of different adhesions between the resin and metal film. Thus, researchers should improve epoxy material preparation to reduce adhesion of the material and improve the stability of the slicing.

A New Study on the Effect of Pure Anatase TiO2 Film Thickness on Gentian Violet Photodegradation Under Sunlight: Considering the Effect of Hole Scavengers

In this paper, pure anatase TiO2 thin films were grown on glass substrates by using sol-gel dip-coating method. To study the physical, chemical and optical properties of the deposits, TiO2 thin films were synthesized with thickness (241.5, 258.19, 230.33 and 302.35 nm). XRD patterns show that TiO2 films were grown with unique anatase phase (101). The photocatalytic test shows that film (~ 302 nm) gives high photodegradation of gentian violet (GV) under sunlight irradiation due to the low number of defect sites. The increase in film thickness and the decrease of surface roughness and crystal size decrease the number of defect sites in the material which lead to low recombination rate of charge carriers. The use of Ag+ as hole scavenger increases the photocatalytic activity 4.75 times within the first hour. The photocatalysis process showed that Ag+ can be reduced on the surface of photoactivated TiO2 thin films to obtain sun-photodeposited/dip-coated AgO/TiO2 (p-n) heterojunction. HIGHLIGHTS Pure anatase TiO2 thin films were successfullysynthesized via sol-gel dip-coating method High thickness (302 nm) of TiO2 thin film exhibits high photocatalytic activity for photodegradation of GV under sunlight irradiation The presence of Ag+ in wastewater shows high photocatalytic activity of TiO2 films with 4.75 times within the first hour The possibility of sun-photodeposited/dip-coated of (p-n) AgO/TiO2 heterojunction is discussed GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Design of polymer-plasticizer-solvent films: Effects of initial and operating parameters on the residual solvent and film properties

The effects of wet film thickness, polymer content, polymer molar mass, drying temperature, and plasticizer content on the drying of polystyrene-p-xylene films are studied. The drying enhancer is plasticizer triphenyl phosphate (TPP) loaded over a wide range. Changing the initial wet thickness from 800 μm to 2400 μm renders a higher minimum residual solvent. Changing the initial polymer content from 7% to 14% yields a higher minimum residual solvent with a shift of optimum TPP content from 2.50 wt% to 5.00 wt%, attributed to higher solution viscosity. Lower PS molar mass of 35,000 gmol−1 yields significantly lower minimum residual solvent of 0.0110%, at 25 ± 2 °C and optimum TPP content of 2.50%. The diffusion parameters are computed after correlating the solvent evolutions with a one-dimensional semi-infinite medium model using nonlinear regression. Residual solvent increases with molar mass due to decreased segmental mobility and increased solution viscosity. SEM shows films prepared under optimum conditions to be dense and minimally-defective than the control. TGA, DSC, and UTM show higher molar mass films to be thermally and mechanically stronger.

Characteristics of one-dimensional bubbly flow interfacial area transport in horizontal narrow rectangular channel

The experiments of horizontal adiabatic air-water flow in narrow rectangular channel with a cross-sectional area of 68 mm × 1.9 mm were conducted under an atmosphere pressure condition in order to study bubbly flow interfacial area transport phenomenon. The liquid film thickness was obtained by PCB liquid film sensor. The results show that the liquid film thickness can be correlated with the product of Capillary number Ca and jg/jl, so a correlation for liquid film thickness was proposed. The effect of liquid film thickness on IAC and void fraction was also evaluated. The results show that the average error caused by ignoring liquid film thickness is about 6.1% and 10.1%, respectively. The lateral profiles and axial direction development of the void fraction, interfacial area concentration, bubble Sauter mean diameter were obtained by high-speed camera at three axial locations of Z/D = 63, 241 and 510. The simplified one-dimensional, steady-state, one-group interfacial area transport equation for an adiabatic bubbly flow with six sets of IAC source and sink models was evaluated by the current experimental data. The evaluation results showed that the models of Yao and Morel (2004) and Shen and Hibiki (2013) performed better with mean prediction errors of 12.13% and 18.92%, respectively.