Effect Of Filler Content Research Articles

Effects of Filler Content and Compatibilizers on the Properties of Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE)/Thermoplastic Potato Starch (TPS) Blend Composite

Effects of Filler Content and Compatibilizers on the Properties of Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE)/Thermoplastic Potato Starch (TPS) Blend Composite

Effect of time, temperature and composition on the performance of conductive adhesives made of silver-coated copper powder

The effects of temperature and time (200, 250 and 300 °C for 15 h in total) on the electrical resistivity and phases of conductive adhesives were studied. Also, the effect of filler content (70 to 85 wt%) and graphite addition (2 to 15 wt%) on the performance of conductive adhesives in terms of electrical resistivity were investigated. These adhesives were prepared from Cu@Ag particles containing 20 and 50 wt% of silver. Two-point conductivity measurements, SEM, XRD, and TG/DSC analyses were used to evaluate the properties of the adhesives. The results showed that at a constant filler content, the electrical resistivity of adhesives prepared from powder containing 20 wt% silver increases with exposure time. However, the majority of the adhesives prepared from powder containing 50 wt% of silver under similar oxidation conditions had almost constant electrical resistivity. Moreover, the results of temperature change on the electrical resistivity showed that the electrical resistivity of adhesives prepared from powder containing 20 wt% of silver increases with temperature, although this increase was noticeable in some samples and negligible in the others. In contrast, an increase in temperature had very little effect on the electrical resistivity of most adhesives made from powders containing 50 wt% silver. The study of the effect of silver content in particles showed that adhesives prepared with filler containing 50 wt% of silver had significantly less electrical resistivity than adhesives prepared with filler containing 20 wt% of silver at all three temperatures. According to the XRD results, the formation of copper (II) oxide and its detrimental effect on electrical conductivity was the main reason of electrical conductivity reduction of adhesives. Graphite addition to an adhesive formula showed that the presence of graphite in appropriate amounts can prevent the oxidation of copper. Adhesives containing graphite after exposure at three temperatures in total for 15 h had electrical resistivities less than 0.028 Ω cm, while graphite-free adhesives under the same conditions had electrical resistivities of less than 0.072 Ω cm.

A prediction model for photopatternable thickness of photocurable polymer nanocomposites containing carbon-based high-aspect-ratio fillers

The spatial patterning of photocurable polymer nanocomposites (PnCs) with electrical conductivity provides high flexibility in fabricating microscale conductors on surfaces of any geometry. A quantitative characterization of the photopatternability of photocurable PnCs is of great concern in their lithography process. It is, however, still regarded as challenging to theoretically predict the photopatternable thickness of photocurable PnCs. Here, we establish a theoretical model on the phtopatternable thickness of photocurable PnCs containing carbon-based high-aspect-ratio (HAR) fillers. Our model is derived by modifying the Beer-Lambert law to fully consider UV light absorption and reflection in the fillers, after describing HAR fillers as spherical ones with an out-of-plane orientation parameter. The accuracy of the proposed model is verified by comparing the predicted results with the experimental data on graphite nanoflake (GnF)-reinforced SU-8 PnCs, GnF/SU-8 PnCs. The effect of filler content and UV exposure energy on the photopatterning error of photocurable PnCs containing carbon-based HAR filler is also extensively addressed.

Mechanical properties, morphology, and creep resistance of ultra-highly filled bamboo fiber/polypropylene composites: Effects of filler content and melt flow index of polypropylene

Simultaneous realization of high filler fraction and excellent comprehensive properties remains a great challenge for extruded wood plastic composites (WPCs). Herein, ultra-highly filled bamboo fiber/polypropylene composites (UH-BPCs) with total filler content varying from 75 wt% to 90 wt% were fabricated via profile extrusion. Six kinds of polypropylene (PP) with melt flow indices (MFIs) ranging from 0.165 to 24 g(10 min)−1 were selected as the matrix. The tensile, flexural, impact strengths and dimensional stability of the UH-BPCs decreased with increasing filler content. However, a relatively high filler content (no more than 85 wt%) could improve the modulus and creep resistance of UH-BPCs. At 85 wt% filler content, the UH-BPCs with PP of moderate MFI exhibited the best mechanical properties with a tensile strength, tensile modulus, flexural strength, flexural modulus, and unnotched impact strength of 22.39 MPa, 6.05GPa, 39.86 MPa, 7.19GPa, and 4.22 kJ m−2, respectively. The UH-BPCs with low MFI PP presented better dimensional stability and creep resistance, especially at high temperatures. This work can provide an important reference to prepare ultra-highly filled WPCs with high performance via profile extrusion.

Self‐Healing and Flexible Porous Nickel/Polyurethane Composite Based on Multihealing Systems and Applications

AbstractWith the development of science and technology, the need for high performance sensors is more and more urgent to deal with different needs and environments. In this study, a flexible strain sensor with performance of self‐healing is developed based on porous nickel as conductive filler and polyurethane (PU) with hydrogen bonding, disulfide bond, and metal coordination bond as polymer matrix. Porous nickel is prepared by a new biotemplates method, and the effects of reaction temperature and concentration of NiCl2·6H2O on the morphology of porous nickel are studied. Polyurethanes containing hydrogen bonding, disulfide bonds, and metal coordination bonds are prepared, and the mechanical properties and self‐healing properties of polyurethanes with different contents of hard and soft segments are studied. A strain sensor is prepared by mixing porous nickel and polyurethane. The effect of filler content on mechanical properties, self‐healing properties, and electrical self‐healing properties is studied. The sensor is attached to the joints of human limbs, and the peak diagram of time‐relative resistance changes is obtained through the cyclic and repeated movements of the limbs. The sensor has excellent sensitivity.

Bio waste (Pistacia vera nut shell) filled polymer composites for tribological applications

The environmental concerns and quest for a sustainable future have encouraged the utilisation of bio-waste in a productive manner. In the present investigation, characterization studies such EDS, XRD and FTIR of pistacia vera (pistachio) nut shell particulates were carried out to have a knowledge of the morphological properties. Further, an attempt was made to utilise the bio-waste i.e. pistacia vera nut shell as a reinforcing phase in epoxy based polymer composites to assess the tribological behaviour of the fabricated composites. The pistachio shell particulate was incorporated with epoxy resin in different weight fractions (0, 10, 20 and 30%) to develop a new class of composite. The effect of filler content, normal load, sliding velocity and sliding distance on the two body abrasive wear behaviour of pistachio shell particulate reinforced epoxy composites was studied. The obtained results showed significant enhancement of abrasion resistance of the fabricated composites as compared to neat epoxy. Further, it was found that the composites with 20 weight percent of filler provide optimum abrasion resistance to the developed composite. The worn out surfaces of the composites were analysed using Scanning Electron Microscope to determine various failure mechanisms leading to deformation of the composite surface.

Thermal Stability and Tribological Behaviors of Tri-fillers Reinforced Epoxy Hybrid Composites

The present works investigates the thermal stability and wear behaviour of tri-fillers reinforced hybrid composites. The Silica (S), Coconut shell (C) and Graphite (G) fillers reinforced homogeneous and functional graded epoxy composites are prepared by vertical injection molding techniques. The effect of filler contents, design parameters and its interaction on wear and friction behavior of SCG composites has been investigated. With help of Taguchi’s techniques, L27 orthogonal array, a series of experiments are planned and conducted on pin-on-disc tribo machine with three different loading of 10, 20 and 30 N, three sliding velocities of 1, 1.5 and 2 m/s by varying the G filler content of 10, 20 and 30 wt.% with constant weight fraction of S and C fillers of 10 wt.%. The results shows that the increasing the Gr content was increased the wear resistance and rate. The optimization techniques used to pridicated the composites parameters.

Effect of filler content on scratch behavior and tribological performance of polyester/graphene oxide nanocomposite coating

Effect of filler content on scratch behavior and tribological performance of polyester/graphene oxide nanocomposite coating

Water sorption behavior of phenol formaldehyde resin reinforcing with reduced graphene oxide and ZnO decorated graphene oxide

The effect of two different fillers such as (a) reduced graphene oxide (RGO) produced by the reduction of graphene oxide (GO) using potato starch and (b) zinc oxide decorated graphene oxide (ZnO-RGO) on the water transport properties of phenol formaldehyde (PF) nanocomposites have been investigated at different temperatures. The effect of filler content, nature of filler and temperature on the water sorption of the PF nanocomposites were also studied. The results showed that the RGO content facilitates water uptake while ZnO-RGO filler impedes the water sorption properties of various nanocomposites developed. The diffusion, sorption and permeability coefficient of PF nanocomposites with varying weight percentage of filler at different temperatures were determined. The effect of temperature on the water sorption of PF nanocomposites was studied by determining the activation energy using Arrhenius equation. The thermodynamic studies revealed that the water sorption was spontaneous due to the negative value of ∆Go and the reaction was exothermic because of the negative value of ∆H. The kinetic studies showed that the water sorption of the PF nanocomposites follows a first order reaction.

Determination of mechanical properties of two-phase and hybrid nanocomposites: experimental determination and multiscale modeling

Abstract In this paper, the effects of filler content and the use of hybrid nanofillers on agglomeration and nanocomposite mechanical properties such as elastic moduli, ultimate strength and elongation to failure are investigated experimentally. In addition, thermoset epoxy-based two-phase and hybrid nanocomposites are simulated using multiscale modeling techniques. First, molecular dynamics simulation is carried out at nanoscale considering the interphase. Next, finite element method and micromechanical modeling are used for micro and macro scale modeling of nanocomposites. Nanocomposite samples containing carbon nanotubes, graphene nanoplatelets, and hybrid nanofillers with different filler contents are prepared and are tested. Also, field emission scanning electron microscopy is used to take micrographs from samples’ fracture surfaces. The results indicate that in two-phase nanocomposites, elastic modulus and ultimate strength increase while nanocomposite elongation to failure decreases with reinforcement weight fraction. In addition, nanofiller agglomeration occurred at high nanofiller contents especially higher than 0.75 wt% in the two-phase nanocomposites. Nanofiller agglomeration was observed to be much lower in the hybrid nanocomposite samples. Therefore, using hybrid nanofillers delays/prevents agglomeration and improves mechanical properties of nanocomposite at the same total filler content.

Poly(vinyl alcohol)/reduced graphene oxide multilayered coatings: The effect of filler content on gas barrier and surface resistivity properties

Polymer-filler multilayered coatings fabricated by layer-by-layer (LbL) methods exhibit enhanced gas barrier properties alongside with transparency and flexibility. However, the traditional LbL methods which consist of repeated cycles of dipping (or spinning), washing, and drying, are time-consuming and complex to industrialize. Here, it is proposed an easy-operating and time-saving rod-coating assisted LbL method for the fabrication of poly(vinyl alcohol)/reduced graphene oxide (PVA/rGO) multilayered coatings on poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) substrates. Scanning electron microscopies revealed that PVA/rGO multilayered coatings exhibited a brick-and-wall structure with PVA able to bind the rGO buildings blocks. The oxygen transmission rate of the films coated with five layers of PVA/rGO coatings (8.4 cm3 m-2 day-1 atm-1) is about 92% lower than that of the uncoated PET substrate, whereas the optical transparency is still 94%. The water permeability of films coated with the multi-layered PVA/rGO coatings is about 30% lower than that of pristine PET substrate. Furthermore, the resulting films exhibited a low surface resistivity, which contrasts the negative effects of static electricity accumulation, and high mechanical property, fulfilling the technological requirements for traditional application in electronic packaging.

Microwave‐assisted foaming of polystyrene filled with carbon black; effect of filler content on foamability

AbstractIn this work, polystyrene was filled with carbon black (CB) at 1, 3, and 5 wt% and were foamed via microwave‐assisted (MA) foaming. The composite morphology was tracked by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and rheology. CB played the dominant role as the selective microwave absorbers to provide the required heat for the cell nucleation and growth. MA foaming is a controllable technique to reach proper foam density and cell size by controlling microwave energy. MA foams microstructurally were compared with the foams created via the conventional foaming procedures, including oil bath heating and fast pressure drop. One advantage of the MA method is increasing the temperature of the bulk and surface of the thick specimen simultaneously. As a result, cell nucleation and growth are uniform throughout the thick composite. Samples with a thickness of 1 cm were foamed via the MA method.

Mechanical and morphological properties of Citrus Maxima waste powder filled Low-Density polyethylene composites

Until recently, synthetic filler materials have been the preferred choice for reinforcement of polymers to improve its toughness. However, natural filler and fiber materials are emerging as suitable alternatives to synthetic materials for reinforcing polymers due to their environmental friendliness, high abundance, renewability, and cost-effectiveness. In the present study, the waste portion of the fruit Citrus Maxima (CM) commonly known as Pomelo, in the form of fine powder was blended with Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE) for making the composite using the injection molding method. The peel of CM consists of a foamy portion which was separated, thoroughly dried at 50–70 °C and ground into a fine powder and was used as an eco-friendly particulate filler with the LDPE matrix in different proportions (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 wt%) in treated and untreated form. The filler was treated with 2 wt% of Silane coupling agent. XRD and FTIR confirmed the cellulosic behavior of the CM foam. The effect of filler content on the mechanical properties of the untreated and treated composites was investigated. The morphology and the microstructure of the composites were observed by XRD, FTIR, and SEM. The surface treatment showed significant improvement in the tensile strength, % elongation and impact strength for the treated composite at higher loading of filler. The mechanical behaviour of the composites led to the successful utilization of CM waste portion for making an eco-friendly reinforcing additive to form LDPE composites.

Mechanical behavior and fracture toughness characterization of high strength fiber reinforced polymer textile composites

The mechanical and fracture behavior of polymer composites are the subject of great interest from many years and still interesting among the researchers. Composites are extremely used for their superior mechanical, thermal and fracture toughness properties in various sectors such as automobile, aerospace and defense applications. In this article, unidirectional and woven high strength glass, carbon and Kevlar fiber reinforced polymer textile composites are taken into consideration for the comprehensive review of mechanical behavior and fracture toughness characterization. Current review work began with the introduction to polymer textile composites with its manufacturing stages, processing techniques and factors affecting the performance under mechanical loading. The mechanical behavior of high strength fiber reinforced polymer (HSFRP) textile composites was discussed in tension, compression, flexural, low velocity and high velocity impact loading with the recent numerical and experimental characterization studies. Textile geometrical modeling and CAE tools are also described for numerical characterization. Under the influence of mechanical loading on composites, failure occurs actually due to the crack initiation and propagation, so it is also required to characterize. Significant elements of fracture mechanics are well described for the better understanding of fracture toughness characterization. Mode-I, Mode-II, Mode-III interlaminar and Mode-I intralaminar fracture toughness characterization are widely explained by considering the effect of filler content, fiber orientation and fiber volume fraction. Fracture toughness characterization techniques and research summery are uniquely presented by considering various factors under one umbrella for better understanding of fracture behavior. Statistical Weibull distribution is also presented for the failure prediction of composites.

Feasibility and performance of the Semi-circular Bending test in evaluating the low-temperature performance of asphalt mortar

Semi-circular Bending (SCB) test has been widely used to evaluate the fracture performance of asphalt mixtures, but its potential in evaluating the low-temperature performance of asphalt mixtures at mortar scale has been seldom investigated. This study aims to explore the feasibility and evaluate the performance of SCB tests in evaluating the low-temperature performance of asphalt mortar. To quantify the influence of the crushing and local creep at the top of the SCB test samples on testing results, the Digital Image Correlation (DIC) method was used to characterize the displacement field of mortar samples during the test under different loading rates at −10 °C. The effects of binder film thickness, filler content, and aging condition on low-temperature performance of asphalt mortar were investigated by SCB test. The experimental design set a fixed nominal maximum aggregate size of 4.75 mm. The test matrix considered three binder film thicknesses (9, 10 and 11 µm) and four filler contents (8.5%, 9.4%, 10.5% and 11%) at two aging conditions (short-term and long-term aging). Two cracking indexes including before-peak slope (Sbp) and fracture energy (Gf) were used to evaluate the low-temperature performance. According to the results of DIC analysis, the loading rate of 3 mm/min was proposed to be the optimum for the SCB mortar test at −10 °C. It was concluded that the SCB mortar test can effectively differentiate the low-temperature cracking performance of different asphalt mortars under different aging conditions. Thicker binder film thickness can significantly decrease the aging rate of asphalt mortar from short-term aging to long-term aging, whereas the effect of filler content on ageing rate is not statistically significant.

Characterization of Ceramic Waste Filled Unsaturated Polyester Resin

In this study, the composites of ceramic waste filler polyester were produced with ceramic waste as the filler and unsaturated polyester resin as the matrix. Various weight of filler loads (particle size [180 �m) were used; 0, 28.5, 41 and 50 wt% in view to better understand the effect of filler content on the mechanical, thermal properties and water absorption of the composites. Additionally, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to characterize the samples, from the findings, it is noticed an increase in the level of porcelain powder decreased the flexural strength and Hardness and increased the density. The results of water absorption have shown the composites absorbs fewer water. Thermal degradation indicates that the composite is more resistant to temperature than unsaturated polyester matrix due to the effect of porcelain powder incorporated. Moreover, the results reveal an opportunity for using the ceramic waste as filler in unsaturated polyester resin formulation.

Effect of filler content and waiting time before light-curing on mechanical properties of dual-cured cements

Effect of filler content and waiting time before light-curing on mechanical properties of dual-cured cements

Effect of Filler Content and Waiting time Before Light-Curing on Mechanical Properties of Dual-Cured Cement

Objective:: To investigate the effect of filler content and the time spent before light-curing on mechanical properties of dual-cured cement. Methods:: Experimental dual-cured resin cements were formulated with 60, 65 or 68wt% of filler. The viscosity of experimental cement was measured using a digital viscometer. Bar-shaped specimens (25 x 2 x 2 mm) were fabricated, while the light-curing was started immediately or 5 minutes after the insertion of cement into the mold (n = 7). A three-point bending test was performed and the values of flexural strength and elastic modulus were measured. The Vickers hardness of fractured specimens was measured on the surface of the cement. Data from viscosity were submitted to oneway ANOVA, while the data from mechanical properties were analyzed by two-way ANOVA. All pair-wise comparisons were performed using Tukey’s test (α = 0.05). Results:: The experimental cement with 68wt% of filler showed the highest viscosity and those with 60wt% showed the the lowest viscosity. Irrespective of the time spent before light-curing, the cement with 65wt% of filler presented the highest values of flexural strength and elastic modulus. The addition of 60wt% of filler resulted in the lowest elastic modulus, while 68wt% of filler resulted in lowest flexural strength. Regarding the hardness, the cement with 68wt% of filler showed the highest values, while there was no difference between 60 and 65wt% of filler. Conclusion:: Filler content affected the mechanical properties of the experimental cement and this effect did not depend on the waiting time before the light-curing procedure.

Leather Waste to Enhance Mechanical Performance of High-Density Polyethylene.

Leather buffing dust (BF) is a waste from tannery which is usually disposed on landfills. The interest in using wastes as fillers or reinforcements for composites has raised recently due to environmental concerns. This study investigates the potential use of BF waste as filler for a high density polyethylene matrix (HDPE). A series of HDPE-BF composites, containing filler concentrations ranging from 20 to 50wt%, were formulated, injection molded and tested. The effect of filler contents on the mechanical properties of the composites were evaluated and discussed. Composites with BF contents up to 30wt% improved the tensile strength and Young’s modulus of the matrix, achieving similar mechanical properties to polypropylene (PP). In the case of flexural strength, it was found to be proportionally enhanced by increasing reinforcement content, maintaining high impact strength. These composites present great opportunities for PP application areas that require higher impact resistance. The materials were submitted to a series of closed-loop recycling cycles in order to assess their recyclability, being able to maintain better tensile strength than virgin HDPE after 5 cycles. The study develops new low-cost and sustainable composites by using a waste as composite filler.

Journal Vol – 15 No -7, July 2020 Journal > Journal > Journal Vol – 15 No -7, July 2020 > Page 6 PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS OF GASOLINE-ETHANOL BLENDS ON PFI-SI ENGINE Authors: D.Vinay Kumar ,G.Samhita Priyadarsini,V.Jagadeesh Babu,Y.Sai Varun Teja, DOI NO: https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2020.07.00051 admin July 26, 2020 Abstract: Alcohol based fuels can be produced from renewable energy sources and

Journal Vol – 15 No -7, July 2020 Journal > Journal > Journal Vol – 15 No -7, July 2020 > Page 6 PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS OF GASOLINE-ETHANOL BLENDS ON PFI-SI ENGINE Authors: D.Vinay Kumar ,G.Samhita Priyadarsini,V.Jagadeesh Babu,Y.Sai Varun Teja, DOI NO: https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2020.07.00051 admin July 26, 2020 Abstract: Alcohol based fuels can be produced from renewable energy sources and