Effect Of Fe Content Research Articles

Effect of Fe content on microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of Ti-5Mo-xFe alloys

Effect of Fe content on microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of Ti-5Mo-xFe alloys

Effect of Fe content on microstructure and mechanical properties of Fex(CoCrNi)100-x medium-entropy alloys

Effect of Fe content on microstructure and mechanical properties of Fex(CoCrNi)100-x medium-entropy alloys

The Effect of Fe Content on the Shape Memory Effect of Ni-Mn-Ga-Fe Shape Memory Alloy Microwires after Ordering Heat Treatment

The shape memory capabilities of Heusler alloy microwires with two different contents of Fe element instead of Ga element following step-by-step ordering heat treatment were explored based on the stoichiometric ratio of Ni2MnGa. The melt-drawing technique was used to create the polycrystalline microwires, and the two microwires had Fe atomic contents of 4.7 at.% and 5.5 at.%, respectively. The field emission scanning electron microscope was used to analyze the microwire’s surface condition as well as the microscopic tensile fracture morphology. Using an X-ray diffractometer, the microwires’ crystal structure was identified for phase analysis. Differential scanning calorimetry was used to examine the microwires’ behavior during martensitic transformation. Using a dynamic mechanical stretcher, the elongation and recovery rate of microwires’ one- and two-way shape memory behavior were examined. The findings demonstrated that the microwire phase structure, martensitic transformation behavior, and shape memory capabilities all displayed good properties after the heat treatment was ordered.

Effect of Fe Content on the Soft Magnetic Properties of Fe-Rich FeSiBC Amorphous Alloy

Effect of Fe Content on the Soft Magnetic Properties of Fe-Rich FeSiBC Amorphous Alloy

Effective strategy for Cr(VI) removal from water in evolution process of ferroan brucite by redox and intercalation

Cr(VI)-contaminated wastewater treatment is of great significance to ecological environment and human health. In this work, ferroan brucite with different Fe2+ doping amounts (Mg1-XFeX(OH)2, x = 0.1–0.8) were synthesized for the removal of Cr(VI) from wastewater. The effect of Fe content, initial concentration of Cr(VI), reaction time, co-existing ions and pH for Cr(VI) removal performance were examined. As Fe2+ content increased, the removal efficiency initially increased and then decreased, Mg0.4Fe0.6(OH)2 exhibited the maximum removal amount of 494.63 mg/g. Kinetic studies showed Cr(VI) removal well fitted pseudo-second-order model and achieved equilibrium at approximately 40 min. Isotherm data was well described by Langmuir model. The coexisting ions except CO32− had negligible effect, while pH had a significant influence on Cr(VI) removal since different dominated form of Cr(VI) existed at different pH. The removal mechanism towards Cr(VI) under different pH values was explored. At acidic environment, most Cr(VI) in Cr2O72− was reduced to Cr(III) by Fe2+ resulting in the precipitation of (Fe,Mg)(Cr,Fe)2O4, the remaining part was immobilized by interlayer of reaction product LDHs, and the intercalation amounts of Cr2O72− were 114.05 mg/g and 106.78 mg/g at pH of 3 and 6. While under alkaline conditions, most CrO42− entered the interlayer of LDHs with amounts of 262.3 mg/g at pH = 11, and the rest was absorbed on the surface. Furthermore, the reaction product could be recovered as chromite with recovery rate of 83.94 %. The excellent removal performance suggested a promising strategy in sewage water remediation.

Effects of Fe content on the 3D morphology of Fe-rich phases and mechanical properties of cast Al-Mg-Si alloy

Fe is a common impurity element in recycled aluminum scraps, and adjusting Fe content can effectively promote the effective utilization of recycled aluminum. In this study, Al-Mg-Si-Mn-Fe alloys with different Fe contents were prepared by adding various percentage of aluminum scraps. Synchrotron X-ray tomography technology was used to study the morphological evolution of Fe-rich phases and corresponding effect on mechanical properties of studied alloys. The results showed that as the Fe content increased, the 3D morphology of Fe-rich phases changed from fine Chinese-script and needle-like shapes to coarse Chinese-script structure. Their 3D morphology was mainly composed of thin platelets and curved branches. The increase in Fe content did not significantly change the 3D structure of Fe-rich phases, but increased the volume fraction of large Fe-rich phases. When the Fe content reached 0.35 %, the maximum volume and the number of branches of individual phases increased by 182.9 % and 142.2 %, respectively, compared with the 0.2Fe alloy. With the increase of Fe content, the ductility of alloys gradually decreased, especially when the Fe content exceeded 0.25 %. The Fe content had a small effect on the liquidus temperature of alloys, but it changed the initial formation temperature and type of Fe-rich phases. When the Fe content exceeded 0.32 %, it promoted the formation of β-Fe phase, which may be the main reason for the significant decrease in ductility of studied alloys with higher Fe content.

Effects of Fe Contents on the Microstructure and Precipitate of Ti–Al–V Alloys Prepared by Direct Energy Deposition

This study investigated the influence of Fe content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti–6Al–4V(TC4) + 25Ti alloys prepared by low-energy-density direct energy deposition (DED) technology. With the incorporation of the Fe elements, the α-Ti phases exhibited significant changes in size and morphology, while the numerous β-Ti phases and some triclinic-Ti precipitates were retained. With the refinement of the α-Ti phase, retainment of the β-Ti phase and the presence of triclinic-Ti precipitates, the mechanical properties of DED samples can be significantly improved compared with DED TC4 alloys. The room-temperature mechanical property tests showed that the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 3Fe + TC4 + 25Ti achieved 1298.64 ± 5.26 MPa with an elongation of 4.82% ± 0.20%, and the maximum elongation of 1Fe + TC4 + 25Ti reached 10.82% ± 0.82% with a UTS of 1076.95 ± 11.69 MPa. The strengthening mechanism of DED Ti-Al-V-Fe alloys were further discussed, providing new insights into the microstructure control and the composition design of additive manufacturing of Ti alloys.

The Effect of Fe Content on the Microstructure and Tensile Properties of Friction-Stir-Welded Joints in Recycled Cast Aluminum Alloy.

The presence of the impurity element Fe significantly influences the overall performance of recycled aluminum alloy. This study aims to elucidate the impact of Fe content on the microstructure and tensile properties of friction-stir-welded (FSW) joints in recycled cast A356 aluminum alloy. Three samples with varying Fe content were prepared for FSW joints. The quality of the weld zone was meticulously assessed through macrostructure and microstructure analyses. The tensile strengths of the joints were carefully evaluated and correlated with the microhardness and microstructure of the weld zone. The research findings reveal that, among the three fabricated joints, the one with an Fe content of 0.3 wt.% demonstrates the most favorable tensile performance. This particular joint exhibits the highest tensile strength of 153 MPa, commendable yield strength of 90 MPa, and a favorable elongation of 5.7%. The mechanisms responsible for grain refinement in the weld nugget zone involve plastic deformation and dynamic recrystallization. Significantly, the disruptive effects of friction-stir action on eutectic silicon phases and rich iron phases emerge as crucial factors contributing to the enhanced performance of the weld nugget zone in the welded joint.

Effect of Fe content on physical, tribological and photocatalytical properties of Ti-6Al-xFe alloys for biomedical applications

The aim of the current study is to evaluate the effect of iron content (0, 2, 4, 6 and 10 wt%) on the structural, tribological and photocatalytical properties of a nanostructured ternary alloy Ti-6Al-XFe, prepared by high energy milling. The alloys’ characteristics such as lattice parameters, powder morphologies, surface roughness, relative density/porosity, and microhardness, were evaluated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), surface profilometry, porosimeter and micro durometer, respectively. The W-H method was utilized to determine the crystallite size. Micro strain was also calculated, which is produced in the lattice due to the diffusion of iron atoms. The photocatalytical characterization was conducted by measuring their absorbance as a function of time using spectrophotometer of visible and ultraviolet light in the wavelength range of 500–800 nm. The tribological characterization was performed using an oscillating tribometer under wet conditions, simulating the human body environment using Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS) solution with neutral pH 7.4, under different applied loads of 2, 6 and 10 N, respectively. Results showed that the addition of Fe has a significant effect on the structural properties of the developed alloys. The lattice parameter (aα) decreased with increasing Fe content from 2.9493 Å (0 wt% Fe) to 2.9491 Å (10 wt% Fe), while the average grain size increased considerably from 6.965 nm (0 wt% Fe) to 44.42 nm (10 wt% Fe). The wear test results showed that, friction coefficient and wear rate considerably decreased due to the formation of protective films such as TiO2. The photocatalytical characterization showed that, the degradation of methylene blue (MB) increased with increasing Fe content. The Ti-6Al-4Fe -catalyst gave the best degree of degradation of 90.76% within 60 min, which meant that the decolorization process could be operated rapidly at a relatively low cost without UV irradiation.

Effect of Fe content on wetting behaviors and interfacial characteristics of TiZr-based bulk metallic glass/W substrate

The wetting characteristics of Ti32.8Zr30.2FexCu14.3-xBe22.7 (at.%, x = 0, 2.5, 5.3) bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) with W substrate are conducted using the sessile drop method at different temperatures. The effect of Fe content on wettability is systematically studied. At a given temperature, contact angle initially rises and subsequently declines as the Fe content increases from 0 at.% to 5.3 at.%. Optimal wettability is observed in BMGs devoid of the Fe element. This is attributed to the influence of Fe addition on the elemental diffusion behaviors and two-phase interfacial morphologies during wetting. The addition of 2.5 at.% Fe leads to a significant accumulation of Ti element at the wetting interface and prevents the wetting process. As the Fe content increases to 5.3 at.%, the conspicuous abundance of Fe in the glass phase together with the diffused Cu in W substrate determines the wettability of the system. These findings not only reveal the influence of Fe content on the wetting properties of the TiZr-based BMGs/W system but also provide a theoretical basis for the preparation of ex-situ BMG composites.

Effects of Fe content on properties and microstructure of Cu–Ti alloys during aging

In this study, Cu-2.7Ti-0.2Fe (CT-0.2Fe) and Cu-2.7Ti–1Fe (CT-1Fe) alloys were fabricated and underwent multi-stage thermomechanical treatment, and the microstructure and properties evolution of the alloys during aging were investigated. After aging for 60 h at 350 °C, the CT-0.2Fe and CT-1Fe alloys exhibited the yield strength of 1068/935 MPa, tensile strength of 1127/1057 MPa, elongation of 2.54%/2.21%, and electrical conductivity of 20.3/26.4 %IACS, respectively. The relatively higher electrical conductivity of CT-1Fe was primarily attributed to the formation of numerous TiFe particles. Typical modulated structure and β′-Cu4Ti precipitates formed during direct aging in both alloys. However, in the CT-1Fe alloy, the growth of β′-Cu4Ti precipitates was suppressed. During multi-stage thermomechanical treatment, the interaction of the dislocations and precipitates was enhanced, retarding the softening effects of the alloy at the elevated temperatures. The calculation results showed that work hardening and precipitation strengthening significantly contributed to enhancing the mechanical properties of the alloys.

Microstructure and mechanical properties of tungsten fiber reinforced tungsten composites prepared by Fe activated sintering

Tungsten fiber reinforced tungsten composites were fabricated by Fe activated sintering. The effect of Fe content (0.5% ∼ 1.0%(wt%)) and original fiber volume fraction (10% ∼ 50%(vol%)) on relative density, microstructure and mechanical properties were studied. The interaction between the Fe and tungsten fiber was analyzed. The fracture behavior as well as the strengthening and toughening mechanisms were revealed. The results indicated that the Fe not only promoted the sintering densification of the tungsten matrix, but also caused the recrystallization of tungsten fiber from the surface to the center due to the element diffusion. The (i) relative density, (ii) residual fiber diameter (or residual fiber volume fraction) and (iii) flexural strength were (i) increased, (ii) decreased and (iii) increased with Fe content increased, respectively, while were (i) decreased, and (ii, iii) first increased and then decreased with the original fiber volume fraction increased, respectively. As for the composites containing 1.0%Fe, the fracture toughness was monotonically increased with the increase of the original fiber volume fraction. The fracture mode of the matrix was intergranular. The strength and toughness of the composites were enhanced as a result of fiber fracture, crack deflection, interface debonding, and fiber pull-out.

The effect of Fe content on crystal phase and mechanical properties of 6061 aluminium alloy

In order to eliminate the adverse effects of impurity element Fe in aluminium alloy, the effects of Fe content on the microstructures and mechanical properties of 6061 aluminium alloy were studied utilizing scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and tensile testing machine. The results show that Fe exists mainly in α-AlFeSi and β-AlFeSi phases. Elemental Fe promotes the generation of fishbone shaped α-AlFeSi phase, while the percentage of needle shaped β-AlFeSi phase gradually decreases. After homogenizing annealing, the Mg2Si phase has been redissolved, and a large amount of Si element exists in the aluminium matrix. With the increase of Fe and Si content, β→α phase transition has been completed, and the fishbone α-AlFeSi phase accumulates at the grain boundary. After the extrusion forming process, the morphology of the α-Al12(MnFe)3Si phase changes from fishbone to granular, and the bulk deposition of α-Al12(MnFe)3Si improves the strength of 6061 aluminium alloy.

A new evaluation system of iron bioavailability in seaweed

In marine ecosystems, the avid binding of iron (Fe) to organic ligands influences Fe bioavailability in seaweed. This study aimed to elucidate Fe's biological availability to seaweed and develop a simple and rapid bioassay method as a new evaluation system. Undaria pinnatifida was used as a model seaweed species and the actual seaweed samples were collected using the 0.5 m × 0.5 m quadrat from the Mashike Bay area of Hokkaido, Japan. Chlorophyll fluorescence measurements were utilized as an index to evaluate the biological -effectiveness of Fe and compared with the results of culture tests based on growth. The effect of Fe content on media, pre-culture, concentrations and types of chelating and reducing agents in clearing solutions, cleaning time, Fe removal effect, and resistance to seaweed were systematically optimized to obtain the maximum efficacy of the washing solution. A bioassay was developed to evaluate the Fe environment by combining chlorophyll fluorescence measurements. The findings suggest that the tolerance of seaweeds to the wash solution is strongly influenced by the concentrations of the chelating and reducing agents than their types. Washing with 0.02 M Ti-Citrate/EDTA solution for 80 s was the most effective in terms of maximum Fe removal with minimum cell damage. The application of pre-culture and chemical pre-treatment methods under Fe deficiency to the culture strain confirmed the maximum reproducibility in the culture test. Finally, the developed method was applied to actual seaweed samples and was found to be applicable to many seaweed species. However, the method was less robust for some seaweed species and depended on the seaweed growth stage.

Effects of Fe content on microstructure and properties of ferrous medium-entropy alloys prepared using powder metallurgy

Effects of Fe content on microstructure and properties of ferrous medium-entropy alloys prepared using powder metallurgy

Effect of Fe content on microstructures and mechanical properties of eutectic Co-Cr-Fe-Ni-Hf multi-principal element alloys

In order to reduce the cost, the present study develops a series of Co-Cr-Fe-Ni-Hf eutectic multi-principal element alloys (MPEAs), exhibiting an increased Fe content from 10 to 75 at%. When increasing Fe content, the eutectic microstructure changes from regular eutectics to cellular eutectics, both of which consist of alternative FCC and Laves phases. The microstructural morphology relates to the fusion of entropy, namely a smaller value favors the cellular eutectics and vice versa. The mechanical performance is mainly determined by the eutectic morphology. Regular eutectics leads to low strength and large plasticity; cellular eutectics exhibits high strength and low plasticity. The mechanical performance of cellular eutectics containing a part of regular eutectics depends on the fraction of regular eutectics. When the cellular eutectics contains a small fraction of regular eutectics, the crack is easy to nucleate and propagate along the regular eutectics, which is harmful to the plasticity. The high-ferrous eutectic MPEAs predominantly exhibit eutectic morphology and show large strength with a decent plasticity.

Enhanced Ms of Fe-rich Fe-B-Cu amorphous/nanocrystalline alloys achieved by annealing treatments

The effects of Fe content and annealing temperature on the microstructure, thermal stability and soft magnetic properties of Fe-rich Fe83.5+xB15-xCu1.5 (x = 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2) alloys were investigated. The results show that when the Fe content is going up to 85%, alloys still have the capability of forming a single amorphous phase. After that, glass-forming ability (GFA) is weakened and crystalline phase appears. In terms of thermal stability of alloys, the increase in Fe content is beneficial to obtain a larger crystallization temperature interval (ΔTx = 144.4 ℃), which is conducive to the process of heat treatment and the preparation of amorphous/nanocrystalline soft magnetic materials. The optimum annealing treatments (430 ℃×10 min) can yield the high saturation magnetization (Ms) of 208 emu/g, which is comparable to the one of alloy Fe-Si 3 wt%.

Effects of Fe content on microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-Y eutectic alloys

This paper describes the main results from an experimental investigation into tailoring the contrasting strength-ductility characteristics of an Al-Y eutectic alloy after alloying with Fe. Specimens of Al-6.68Y, Al-6.65Y-0.67Fe, and Al-6.63Y-1.2Fe alloys were cast and studied using several microscopy techniques, in-situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction, and thermodynamic calculations. Microstructural characterization along with thermodynamic calculations revealed that the Al-Y-Fe alloys exhibit fine eutectic structures and increased fraction of eutectic intermetallic phases compared to those in the binary Al-Y alloy. As a result, the Al-Y-Fe alloys showed improved strength and ductility compared to the binary Al-Y counterpart. Furthermore, in-situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction performed on a specimen of the Al-Y-Fe alloy revealed that the additional Al10Fe2Y eutectic intermetallic phase is more deformable than the commonly present plate-like β-Al3Y eutectic intermetallic phase contributing to strain hardening and ductility improvements of the alloy. Therefore, the optimized strength-ductility combination of the novel Al-Y-Fe alloys, particularly Al-6.65Y-0.67Fe, stem from the plasticity of the Al10Fe2Y intermetallic phase in addition to the refined eutectic structures and increased fraction of the intermetallic phases.

Microstructure, thermal stability and tensile properties of a Ni–Fe–Cr based superalloy with different Fe contents

The effects of Fe content on microstructure, thermal stability and tensile properties of a Ni–Fe–Cr based superalloy, mainly chosen as turbine rotor material in 700 °C advanced ultra-supercritical power plants, have been systematically investigated. The results show that the major precipitates of the heat-treated alloys with different Fe contents are all γ′ phase, MC and M23C6 carbides, whereas the precipitation of γ′ phase is suppressed in Fe-rich alloys. Fe content significantly improves the ductility of alloys, but slightly deteriorates the strength resulting from the decreased volume fraction of γ′ phase. After long-term thermal exposure, the morphology transformation of γ′ phase from spherical to cubic shape is observed in the alloy with 35% Fe content. The coarsening rate coefficient of γ′ phase decreases from 485.7 nm3/h to 280.8 nm3/h as increasing Fe content from 15% to 35%. The main reason is that there is a large concentration gradient of Fe element in the vicinity of γ/γ′ interface, which obviously restricts Fe atoms from diffusing away. The change of yield strength with particle size can be explained by the strongly coupled dislocation shearing and Orowan bowing models. When Fe content is up to 35%, the yield strength of the alloy reduces more rapidly than the theoretical value due to the precipitation of harmful Laves phase in the intermediate stage of thermal exposure.

Effect of Fe Content on Microstructure and Properties of Laser Cladding Inconel 625 Alloy.

Dilution rate is one of most important factors influencing the microstructure and performance of the laser cladding layer. In order to obtain a reasonable dilution rate in the laser cladding layer of Inconel 625 alloy, the laser cladding layers with different Fe content were prepared on the surface of 20# steel by the laser cladding technique. The influence of Fe content on the microstructure and performance of Inconel 625 alloy cladding layer was investigated. The results indicate that with the increase in Fe content in the alloy, the grain size of the cladding layer becomes coarser, the grain orientation difference increases first and then decreases, and the grain boundary angle decreases first and then increases. The hardness, high temperature wear resistance, and high temperature corrosion resistance gradually decreased. It is concluded that the dilution rate of Fe in laser cladding Inconel 625 alloy should be under 5 wt.%.