Effect Of Enteral Nutrition Research Articles

O.23 Effects of enteral nutrition supplemented with short-chain fatty acids on intestinal metabolism during short bowel syndrome in pigs

O.23 Effects of enteral nutrition supplemented with short-chain fatty acids on intestinal metabolism during short bowel syndrome in pigs

The effect of enteral nutrition on intestinal permeability in intensive care patients

The effect of enteral nutrition on intestinal permeability in intensive care patients

High dose chemotherapy and radiotherapy (HDCR) before bone marrow transplantation (BMT) results in selective loss of integrity of small intestinal (SI) but not gastroduodenal (GD) mucosa: Beneficial effects of enteral nutrition (EN)

High dose chemotherapy and radiotherapy (HDCR) before bone marrow transplantation (BMT) results in selective loss of integrity of small intestinal (SI) but not gastroduodenal (GD) mucosa: Beneficial effects of enteral nutrition (EN)

Bacterial translocation and enteral nutrition in humans: an outsider looks in.

To assess the literature documenting the existence of bacterial translocation in humans, the effects of enteral nutrition on bacterial translocation in humans, and the hypothesis that enteral nutrition prevents bacterial translocation in humans. Sources included Medline search, references from review articles, and references from animal and human studies. The goal was to include all animal and human studies directly addressing questions of bacterial translocation and nutritional status or nutritional support. An attempt was made to briefly summarize methodology and findings of relevent studies. No general attempt was made to assess quality of individual studies. Bacterial translocation is a well documented phenomenon in animal models. Starvation and malnutrition of themselves do not induce bacterial translocation, but may facilitate translocation in the presence of other systemic insults. Parenteral nutrition and many forms of enteral nutrition may induce and/or facilitate bacterial translocation. Chow and certain fiber sources seem protective. Moderate direct and several lines of indirect evidence support the existence of bacterial translocation in humans. There is no direct evidence and questionable indirect evidence suggesting that enteral nutrition prevents or modifies bacterial translocation in humans. The hypothesis relating enteral nutrition and bacterial translocation in critically ill patients remains attractive, but unproven.

Enteral nutrition as primary therapy in Crohn's disease.

The developments in enteral feeding for Crohn's disease in the past decade are critically reviewed. The advent of amino acid based chemically defined elemental diets signalled the end of 'total bowel rest' in the management of these patients. Subsequently, controlled clinical trials showed that elemental diets were as effective as corticosteroids in inducing clinical remission in patients with acute exacerbations of Crohn's disease. The later use of peptide based elemental diets, in Crohn's disease produced somewhat conflicting results. The initial uncontrolled studies suggest that polymeric whole protein diets might also be effective in the management of acute exacerbations of the disease, casting in turn doubts concerning the role of dietary antigens in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease. Results of controlled studies comparing the use of elemental and polymeric diets as primary therapy in Crohn's disease have, however, also produced conflicting results. The results of one recent controlled trial in which the use of polymeric diet was compared with that of corticosteroids does, however, suggest that these diets may have a primary therapeutic effect in Crohn's disease. An analysis of the composition of some of the enteral diets used in different trials suggest that the effectiveness of enteral diets in treating active Crohn's disease might relate more to their fat than nitrogen composition. A hypothesis is proposed that the effectiveness of enteral nutrition in the primary therapy of acute exacerbations of Crohn's disease occurs because the successful diets used contain insufficient precursors for arachidonate derived eicosanoid synthesis.

Effects of enteral nutrition and ethanol on cytochrome P450 distribution in small intestine of male rats R HAKKAK, M RONIS, AND T BADGER University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences; Arkansas Children's Hospital Research Center, Little Rock

Effects of enteral nutrition and ethanol on cytochrome P450 distribution in small intestine of male rats R HAKKAK, M RONIS, AND T BADGER University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences; Arkansas Children's Hospital Research Center, Little Rock

Effects of enteral nutrition and ethanol on cytochrome P450 distribution in small intestine of male rats

Background: Alcohol and nutrition are important factors regulating hepatic cytochrome P450 isozymes. The current studies were conducted to determine if intestinal P450 isozymes were similarly regulated. Methods: Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were infused intragastrically with control or ethanol-containing diets. Western blot analysis was used to study CYP1A, CYP2B, and CYP3A isozymes in microsomes of three regions of the small intestine and liver. Results: Compared with rats eating standard rat food, rats receiving the total enteral nutrition diet had reduced expression of several P450 isozymes in the intestine, especially in the jejunal region. Two CYP1A forms were detected by Western blot analysis in the small intestine with electrophoretic mobilities corresponding to hepatic CYP1A1 and CYP1A2. These forms appeared to be differentially regulated. Long-term ethanol treatment resulted in reduction of CYP3A and CYP1A apoprotein levels in the jejunal region. Conclusions: The P450 isozymes examined displayed differing intestinal distributions, responded to dietary manipulations, and were affected by ethanol treatment in a fashion not coordinated with that observed for hepatic isozymes.

Development of bowel habit in preterm infants.

The bowel habits in 844 preterm infants were observed during the first 56 days after birth. Delay in the passage of meconium beyond the second day occurred in 32%, and there was an inverse relation between gestational age and the day of first bowel action. Thereafter the increase in frequency of stools passed each day was related directly to the volume of milk ingested. Unfed infants had a modal defecation rate of one stool each day. For each 50 ml/kg increase in the volume of milk ingested the infants showed a further increase of one stool passed each day. Infants fed with human milk passed a greater number and softer stools than those who received cows' milk formula. In the absence of milk feeds an intrinsic pattern of large bowel motor activity, present as early as 25 weeks' gestation, ensures a defecation rate of one stool each day. The effect of enteral nutrition on this inherent motility is governed by the volume and composition of milk feeds, independently of gestational age.

Effects of enteral infusion of nutrients on canine intestinal motor‐patterns

AbstractLittle is known on the effects of enteral nutrition on intestinal motor patterns. In dogs, intestinal motility was recorded with multiple extra‐luminal strain‐gauges. An elemental diet was infused into the jejunum (0.5–2.5 kcal min−1) over 6 h. The elemental diet or dog food were also administered orally for comparison. Jejunal infusion of the elemental diet stimulated jejunal motility; the motor pattern was characterized by clustered contractions. During enteral feeding, stimulation of jejunal motility was initially less (lower motility index, lower incidence of contraction waves and shorter spread of contractions) compared with oral feeding. Jejunal motility declined linearly with time, the decline being less profound during enteral than after oral feeding. Linear correlations also existed between motility parameters and energy loads; increasing energy loads produced reduction instead of enhancement of motility. Strong inhibition of motility followed by vomiting occurred with energy loads ≥ 2 kcal min−1. The following conclusions were reached: (a) jejunal feeding evoked different patterns of jejunal motility compared with oral feeding; (b) jejunal motility was the result of both a local stimulation and an inhibitory feedback mechanism; (c) intestinal overload of nutrients was indicated by marked inhibition of motility. These results indicate that recording of motility during enteral nutrition might be a useful diagnostic tool for predicting gastrointestinal sequelae.

Malabsorption and effect of enteral nutrition in HIV/AIDS patients without gastro-intestinal infections

Malabsorption and effect of enteral nutrition in HIV/AIDS patients without gastro-intestinal infections

Effect of enteral nutrition on exocrine pancreatic function

Twelve patients with chronic pancreatitis underwent a pancreatoduodenectomy in which the pylorus was preserved. The effects of parenteral and enteral nutrition on pancreatic secretion were compared. Postoperative nutrition was administered by needle-catheter jejunostomy in seven patients and by total parenteral nutrition in five patients. Pancreatic juice, drained directly from the pancreatic duct, was collected in 4-hour fractions. Volume, bicarbonate, protein, amylase, and chymotrypsin were measured. In the first two postoperative days, there was a slow increase in all measured indices. On the third postoperative day, an abrupt rise occurred, after which pancreatic secretion stabilized. No differences in exocrine pancreatic secretion were observed between the enteral and parenteral methods of feeding.

Enteral nutrition and the function of the intestinal microflora in healthy adults

An oral feeding formula was given to 5 healthy volunteers for 8 days. Faecal samples were collected before, during and after the feeding period. The effect of enteral nutrition (EN) on the following seven intestinal microflora-associated characteristics (MACs) was studied: formation of urobilinogen, coprostanol and deoxycholic acid, degradation of mucin and β-aspartylglycine, faecal tryptic activity, and production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). None of the microbial functions studied were lost during the study. The urobilinogen level increased during EN (P < 0.05) but it seems reasonable to assume that this was a concentration effect due to a decrease in stool mass. The concentration of SCFAs decreased during EN (P < 0.05) and this reflects the absence of dietary fibre in the feed used.

Effects of dietary protein content on weaning from the ventilator

The effect of enteral nutrition with different protein contents on metabolic and ventilatory variables during weaning from the ventilator was studied in 10 mechanically ventilated patients as indication of the effect of protein on the ventilatory drive. Resting energy expenditure (R.E.E.) was assessed in the post-absorptive state and 2 enteral regimens both with a fat and carbohydrate content 1.25 times R.E.E. but with a moderate (190 mg N/kg/24 h) and high (260 mgN/kg/24 h) protein content were given to the patients in random order. Minute ventilation (V̇ E), CO 2-production (V̇CO 2), O 2-consumption (V̇O 2) and arterial blood-gases were obtained during mechanical ventilation and weaning. Compared with post-absorptive state, both intakes gave significant increases in V̇CO 2 during mechanical ventilation; the V̇CO 2 values were equal for both regimens before the start of the weaning procedures. High protein intake was associated with significantly higher V̇CO 2 during weaning and smaller increases in p aCO 2 from mechanical ventilation to the end of the weaning-period, compared with the moderate protein intake. This result is in agreement with studies in which an infusion of amino-acids in spontaneous breathing healthy volunteers increased ventilatory sensitivity to CO 2. For mechanically ventilated patients high protein nutrition may be beneficial in enhancing weaning from the ventilator.

Effects of enteral nutrition on exocrine pancreatic secretion in dogs : [formula omitted], S. Schneibaum, G. Ben-Ari (Department of Surgery C, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel)

Effects of enteral nutrition on exocrine pancreatic secretion in dogs : [formula omitted], S. Schneibaum, G. Ben-Ari (Department of Surgery C, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel)

O.75 Effect of enteral nutrition on protein synthesis in tumour and host tissues of rats with colon cancer

O.75 Effect of enteral nutrition on protein synthesis in tumour and host tissues of rats with colon cancer