Effects Of Dual-task Training Research Articles

Effects of Dual Task Training and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy: A Pilot Randomized Control Trial

ABSTRACT Objective Compare the effectiveness of active and sham transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) during the training of a dual task in children with spastic cerebral palsy (CP). Methods Thirty children with CP were submitted to ten sessions of either active (n = 15) or sham (n = 15) tDCS over the motor cortex for 20 minutes during the training of a dual task. Pre-intervention, post-intervention and follow-up evaluations involved measures of functional performance, intellectual performance, functional mobility and cortical excitability. Results The combination of active tDCS and dual task training led to improvements in functional mobility as well as functional and intellectual performances one month after the end of the intervention. Conclusion The combination of active tDCS and dual task training demonstrated promising effects for children with spastic CP.

Does Cognitive-Physical Dual-Task Training Have Better Clinical Outcomes than Cognitive Single-Task Training Does? A Single-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial.

At present, there is a controversy regarding the effect of dual-task training on improving the cognitive function of people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). This study was to develop and verify the effects of the cognitive-physical dual-task training program on the executive function of older adults with MCI. Participants were randomly allocated to the experimental group (EG) receiving cognitive-physical dual-task training (n = 21) or the control group (CG) receiving cognitive single-task training (n = 21). After 16 sessions for 8 weeks, the Korean version of the Executive Function Performance Task (EFPT-K), the Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB), and Korean version of the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (K-IADL) tests were implemented to assess people's executive function and instrumental activities during daily living. As the result, there were no significant differences in general characteristics between both groups (p > 0.05). After 16 sessions, the EG showed greater improvements in the EFPT-K (p < 0.05; η2 = 0.133), the FAB (p < 0.001; η2 = 0.305), and the K-IADL (p < 0.01; η2 = 0.221) compared to those of the CG. These results indicate that cognitive-physical dual-task training is clinically beneficial to improve the executive function and daily instrumental activities of older adults with MCI. Cognitive-physical dual-task training is a promising intervention for older adults with MCI.

A Pilot Study of the Effects of Individualized Home Dual Task Training by Mobile Health Technology in People with Dementia.

The objective of this pilot study was to evaluate the effects of dual-task training implemented by mobile health technology on performance on motor and dual-task tests in subjects with dementia. Nineteen subjects with a medical diagnosis of dementia were assigned to an experimental group (EG, n = 12) or control group (CG, n = 7). The EG participated in 24 sessions (3/week) of a homebase dual-task exercises program, in addition to their ongoing cognitive and physiotherapy treatment. The training program was implemented individually in the patient's home by caregivers or relatives through electronic devices controlled by a mobile application. Before (Pre) and after (Post) the program, performance on motor and motor/cognitive (dual-task) tests were evaluated. Motor evaluation included gait at preferred and maximal speed, the Up and Go, and the Handgrip Strength test. Dual-task tests included gait with subtraction 3 s from 100 and naming animals (verbal fluency). The CG only performed the evaluations in addition to their cognitive and physiotherapy treatment. The statistical analysis (ANOVA Group*Test) showed a statically significant improvement for both dual-task tests in the EG after the training program, while the CG showed an impairment in the verbal fluency test. Conclusion: the implementation of a home exercise program carried out with mobile technology in people with dementia is feasible and positively affects their performance on dual tasks.

Effect Of Dual-Task Training To Improve Balance And Adl Performance In Older Adults In Indian Population

Effect Of Dual-Task Training To Improve Balance And Adl Performance In Older Adults In Indian Population

The Impact of Motor-Cognitive Dual-Task Training on Physical and Cognitive Functions in Parkinson's Disease.

Rehabilitation is a high-potential approach to improving physical and cognitive functions in Parkinson's disease (PD). Dual-task training innovatively combines motor and cognitive rehabilitation in a comprehensive module. Patients perform motor and cognitive tasks at the same time in dual-task training. The previous studies of dual-task training in PD had high heterogeneity and achieved controversial results. In the current review, we aim to summarize the current evidence of the effect of dual-task training on motor and cognitive functions in PD patients to support the clinical practice of dual-task training. In addition, we also discuss the current opinions regarding the mechanism underlying the interaction between motor and cognitive training. In conclusion, dual-task training is suitable for PD patients with varied disease duration to improve their motor function. Dual-task training can improve motor symptoms, single-task gait speed, single-task steep length, balance, and objective experience of freezing of gait in PD. The improvement in cognitive function after dual-task training is mild.

Effect of Dual Task Training, Gait Training and Vestibular Rehabilitation on Balance and Quality of Life in Post Stroke Adults

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effectiveness of dual task training, gait training and vestibular rehabilitation on balance and quality of life in post stroke adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This Pilot study was carried out on 45 post stroke participants both male and female who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were recruited for the study with age group between 40 to 60 years from out-patient physiotherapy department of Dr. M.G.R. Educational and Research Institute, Deemed to beUniversity. The subjects were randomly assigned into 3 groups, each group consisting of 15 subjects. Group A received dual task training for thrice a week of 45 minutes per session for 4 weeks. Group B received gait training program for thrice a week of 30 minutes per session for 6 weeks. Group C received Cawthorne and Cooksey exercises of vestibular rehabilitation for thrice a week of 60 minutes per session for 8 weeks. The outcome measures used were Global Quality of Life Scale (GQOL) and Berg Balance Scale (BBS). RESULT: When the mean values of GroupA, Group B and Group C were compared on GQOL and BBS scale revealed significant increase in the post test mean value with Group C showing 87 and 55 on GQOL and BBS respectively, which was higher than Group A mean values 84.1, 52.33 and followed by Group B mean value 80, 53.3 at p ≤ 0.001. Hence, Group C which received vestibular rehabilitation was more effective than other groups.

DUAL-TASK TRAINING FOR IMPROVING COGNITIVE-MOTOR INTERFERENCE

Abstract Dr. Bhatt will discuss the differences in types of cognitive motor interference patterns experienced for different tasks (gaitand volitional versus reactive balance) in cognitively intact versus people with mild cognitive impairment. She will discuss the effectiveness of dual-task training and exergaming on gait, volitional and reactive balance control in older adults with mild cognitive impairment. After 4 weeks of such training, the results showed beneficial effects on improving volitional based performance when performed with a cognitive task (i.e., spatial memory and executive function) and had significant improvement in NIH toolbox (cognitive- increased working memory, episodic memory and executive function, and motor-increased gait speed). However, its positive effects on dual task reactive balance control were limited. Additionally, the speaker will go on to discuss the associations of balance control deficits in mild cognitive impairment with neural correlates (structural and functional brain integrity) to understand the attributing factors to increased fall risk in people with mild cognitive impairment.

Effects of dual-task training on gait and motor ability in patients with Parkinson's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective Parkinson's disease is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases in the world, which seriously damages motor and balance ability. Dual-task training is discussed as an appropriate intervention. The aim of this review was to synthesize the existing research findings on the efficacy of dual-task training for people with Parkinson's disease. Data resources A systematic search on PubMed, CENTRAL, Embase, Web of Science, and PEDro, randomized-controlled trials (RCTs) of dual-task training for individuals with Parkinson's disease. Methods Articles published until 1 November 2022 were included. Our search identified 7 RCTs with a total of 406 subjects. Review Manager 5.4 software was used for bias evaluation and to process the results of the outcome measures collected from the investigations. Results Dual-task training was associated with significant improvement in most motor and balance outcomes including gait velocity (standard mean difference (SMD) = 0.62; 95% CI, 0.37–0.87; I2 = 31%; P = 0.21), cadence (SMD = 0.29; 95% CI, 0.05–0.53; I2 = 0%; P = 0.71), timed-up-and-go test (mean difference (MD) = -2.38; 95% CI, −3.93 to −0.84; I2 = 32%; P = 0.22) and mini-balance evaluation systems test (MD = 2.04; 95% CI, 1.05–3.03; I2 = 0%; P = 0.92). Conclusion Evidence from meta-analyses suggests that dual-task training may improve motor and balance abilities in Parkinson's disease patients. Future research should focus on finding the most appropriate dual-task treatment model for patients with different degrees, in order to further improve the rehabilitation treatment of Parkinson's disease.

Effects of Dual-Task Training in Postural Stability in Parkinson's Disease

<h3>Objective(s)</h3> The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of dual-task training on postural stability during static and dynamic conditions for individuals with Parkinson's Disease (PD). <h3>Data Sources</h3> Electronic Databases such as Cochrane Library, CINAHL Complete, PubMed, Google Scholar, EMSCO, Medline, and science direct were searched for English-language articles while utilizing search terms such as Parkinson's Disease, dual-task prioritization, dual-task improve postural sway, dual-task training, intervention, rehabilitation, physical therapy, postural stability, postural sway, balance, automaticity of balance, and effectiveness. <h3>Study Selection</h3> A total of 17 studies were identified. Research articles were excluded if not published from 2000-20021 or relevancy if they did not examine dual-task training pertaining to postural stability in patients with PD. Upon further evaluation, 5 studies were excluded due to no meeting inclusion criteria. Ultimately, 12 studies met the inclusion criteria and were used in this systematic review. <h3>Data Extraction</h3> Limited research studies and evidence hinder the evaluation of the quality of evidence. The research reviewers utilized a modified PICOT framework to extract the data collected. <h3>Data Synthesis</h3> The majority of evidence suggests that PD patients struggle with postural control automaticity, and automaticity progressively declines as disease progresses. Research also indicates that this automaticity can be improved with rehabilitation. Evidence also suggests that PD patients perform better on the task they are prioritizing, and the secondary tasks suffer. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The complexity and many variables involved in dual-tasks for patients with PD make identifying a specific intervention that will be successful. Further evidence is needed to determine the many unknown or contradicted variables that can help improve dual tasking for patients with PD. Furthermore, future studies should investigate dual-task training on postural stability and its potential to reduce fall risk, improve outcome measures, and lead to improved functional mobility. What we have found based on current evidence is that dual-task training shows to be effective when the step and gait automaticity can be improved. <h3>Author(s) Disclosures</h3> There are no conflict of interest associated with this study for any of the authors.

Effects of dual-task training in patients with post-stroke cognitive impairment: A randomized controlled trial.

Evidence for the efficacy of cognitive-motor dual-task (CMDT) training in patients with post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) and no dementia is still lacking. More importantly, although some studies on the cognitive effect of CMDT training show an improvement in cognitive performance, the results are still controversial, and the intervention mechanism of CMDT training on cognitive function improvement is not clear. The main purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of CMDT training on cognitive function, neuron electrophysiology, and frontal lobe hemodynamics in patients with PSCI. Here we tested the effects of CMDT training on cognitive function in PSCI patients. Forty subjects who met the criteria of PSCI were randomly assigned to control and experimental groups. CMDT training or cognitive task (CT) training was administered to each patient in the experimental and control groups, respectively. All subjects performed Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scale before and after the intervention, and the event-related potentials (ERP) and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) were used to evaluate the changes in neuron electrophysiology and hemodynamics. Forty patients were randomized across Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital Capital Medical University in Beijing. At the end of the intervention, 33 subjects completed the experimental process. The CMDT group showed significant improvement in the MMSE (P = 0.01) and MoCA (P = 0.024) relative to the CT group. The results of ERP and fNIRS showed that CMDT training could shorten the latency of P300 (P = 0.001) and the peak time of oxygenated hemoglobin (P = 0.004). The results showed that CMDT training shortened the response time of central neurons and significantly increased the rate of oxygen supply to the frontal lobe. CMDT training in patients with PSCI improved global cognitive function, which was supported by the improved neural efficiency of associated brain areas. http://www.chictr.org.cn, identifier ChiCTR2000034862.

Is Dual-Task Training Clinically Beneficial to Improve Balance and Executive Function in Community-Dwelling Older Adults with a History of Falls?

Purpose: To date, the effects of dual-task training on balance underlying cognitive function remain unclear. Therefore, this study was to verify the effects of cognitive–physical dual-task training on balance and executive function in community-dwelling older adults with a history of falls. Method: Fifty-eight participants were randomly allocated to the experimental group (EG) receiving cognitive–physical dual-task training (n = 29) or to the control group (CG) receiving functional balance training (n = 29). After 12 sessions for 6 weeks, the One Leg Standing Test (OLST), the Timed UP and Go (TUG), and part B of the Trail-Making Test (TMT-B) were implemented to examine static and dynamic balance and executive function. Results: After the 12 sessions, the EG showed a greater improvement in the OLST (p < 0.001; η2 = 0.332), the TUG (p < 0.001; η2 = 0.375), and the TMT-B (p < 0.001; η2 = 0.224) compared to the CG. Conclusion: These results indicate that dual-task training is clinically beneficial to improving static and dynamic balance as well as executive function in older adults with a history of falls. These findings shed new light on a clinical implication that executive function should be considered in balance training for older adults.

Effects of Dual Task Training Versus PNF Pattern on Balance and Cognition in Geriatric Population

The aim of this study is to examine the effects of Dual task training versus Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) training on balance and cognition in geriatric population. There is growing evidence of the involvement of executive control in the maintenance of balance in older people. Balance is considered as one of the risk factors for fall especially in older adults. Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation training is one of the effective way to maintaining balance. PNF pattern exercise can activate joint sense by moving almost all joints of the body simultaneously. This is an experimental design with pre and post comparative study. This was conducted in the Physiotherapy Outpatient department in ACS Medical College and Hospital. The study duration was about 12 weeks. The subjects between the age group of 65 – 85 years of both sex those without orthopedic problems were included in this study. The subjects with severe dementia, severe cardiac problems, who had undergone recent surgery were excluded from the study. 50 Geriatric individuals were selected and divided into two groups in which Group AReceived Dual Task Training and Group B received PNF training for a period of 12 weeks. The outcome measures were Balance and cognition. The outcome tools were Berg Balance Scale, Falls Efficacy Scale, Brief Cognitive Rating Scale and Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment Scale. On comparing Pretest and Post test within Group A and Group B on Fall Efficacy Scale, Berg Balance Scale, Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment and Brief Cognitive Rating Scale shows highly significant difference in Mean values at P &lt;0.001. Thus this study concludes that Dual Task training increases Balance and Cognition in Geriatric population

Effects of Dual-Task Training, Physiotherapy, and Combined Therapy on Balance Performance in Stroke Patients

Effects of Dual-Task Training, Physiotherapy, and Combined Therapy on Balance Performance in Stroke Patients

The Effects of Dual-Task Training for Older Adults With Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review

Abstract Date Presented 04/02/2022 The study aims to review the dual-task training effects on cognitive function of older adults with dementia and mild cognitive impairment. The five selected studies examined simultaneous dual-task training, and their interventions showed significant effects on cognitive function, executive function, and psychomotor speed. These significant effects indicate that simultaneous dual-task training can be used in clinical practice with older adults with dementia and mild cognitive impairment . Primary Author and Speaker: Yeonju Jin Additional Authors and Speakers: Yumi Ju, Nam Sanghun, Suyeong Bae, Ickpyo Hong

Effects of Dual-Task Training, Physiotherapy, and Combined Therapy on Balance Performance in Stroke Patients

Effects of Dual-Task Training, Physiotherapy, and Combined Therapy on Balance Performance in Stroke Patients

Effects of dual-task training on gait and balance in stroke patients: A meta-analysis

Objective To assess the effects of dual-task training on gait and balance in stroke patients. Data sources: A systematic review of PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and Cochrane Library from their inception through 20 August 2021. Review methods The bibliography was screened to identify randomized controlled trials that applied dual-task training to rehabilitation function training in stroke patients. Two reviewers independently screened references, selected relevant studies, extracted data and assessed risk of bias using the Cochrane tool of bias. The primary outcome was the gait and balance parameters. Results A total of 1992 studies were identified and 15 randomized controlled trials were finally included (512 individuals) were analyzed. A meta-analysis was performed and a beneficial effect on rehabilitation training was found. Compared to patients who received conventional rehabilitation therapy, those who received dual-task training showed greater improvement in step length (MD = 3.46, 95% CI [1.01, 5.92], P = 0.006), cadence (MD = 4.92, 95% CI [3.10, 6.74], P < 0.001) and berg balance scale score (MD = 3.10, 95% CI [0.11, 6.09], P = 0.040). There were no differences in the improvements in gait speed (MD = 2.89, 95% CI [ − 2.02, 7.80], P = 0.250) and timed up and go test (MD = −2.62, 95% CI [ − 7.94, 2.71], P = 0.340) between dual-task and control groups. Conclusion Dual-task training is an effective training for rehabilitation of stroke patients in step length and cadence, however, the superiority of dual-task training for improving balance function needs further discussion.

Efficacy of Dual Task Training versus Conventional Therapy on Hand Function and Visual Perception Ability in Children with Cerebral Palsy

This pilot study aimed to assess the effect of dual-task training, compared to conventional therapy on the hand functional ability and visual perception in children with cerebral palsy. It was a pretest-posttest control group design, conducted for 4 weeks with ten children ranged between 5-13 years old. Participants were randomly allocated either to the experimental group (dual-task training) or the control group (conventional treatment). The experimental group received the usual physical therapy session and dual-task training sessions 3 sessions/week for 4 weeks. The control group received only the conventional physical therapy 3 sessions/week for 4 weeks. Fine and gross motor hand function were assessed by the Jebsen-Taylor hand function test and the Motor-free Visual Perception Test 3rd edition was used to assess visual perceptual ability before intervention and at 4 weeks after intervention. Only the experimental group showed an improvement in hand function (p<0.05) and no significant differences were observed between the groups (p>0.05). Statistically significant changes were noticed in three of the five subscales of the visual perception in the experimental group (p<0.05) with the experimental group superior to the control group. These findings suggest that dual-task training conducted with a precise goal to achieve (problem-solving) and including cognitive tasks is beneficial in means of improving hand function and visual perceptional ability of children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy with a short-term effect. However, further studies on children with cerebral palsy with a similar approach are warranted.

Effect of Dual-Task Training on Gait and Balance in Stroke Patients: An Updated Meta-analysis.

The main purpose of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the effect of dual-task training on gait and balance improvement in stroke patients. The PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, CINAHL, CNKI, Wan Fang, and VIP databases were searched from inception to January 28, 2021, for randomized controlled trials investigating the effect of dual-task training on gait and balance intervention in stroke patients. A total of 17 studies with 575 stroke patients that compared the efficacy and safety of dual-task training with those of conventional physical therapy or single-task training were included in this meta-analysis. The meta-analysis showed that the data were as follows under the dual-task training: step length (mean difference = 2.7, 95% confidence interval = 1.33 to 4.08, P = 0.0001); cadence (mean difference = 5.06, 95% confidence interval = 3.37 to 6.75, P < 0.00001); stride length (mean difference = 7.34, 95% confidence interval = 5.47 to 9.22, P < 0.00001); 10-meter walk test times (mean difference = -2.36, 95% confidence interval = -3.70 to -1.02), P = 0.0006); Berg Balance Scale (mean difference = 3.8, 95% confidence interval = 0.04 to 7.55, P = 0.05); Fugl-Meyer motor assessment of lower extremities (mean difference = 2.27, 95% confidence interval = -1.04 to 5.59, P = 0.18). This meta-analysis showed that dual-task training can improve stroke patients' step length, cadence, stride length, and 10-meter walk test. However, possible advantages in improving balance function need further exploration.

The Effects of Dual-Task Training on Cognitive and Physical Functions in Older Adults with Cognitive Impairment; A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Individuals with Alzheimer disease and dementia experience cognitive decline and reduction in physical capabilities. Engaging in cognitive challenges and physical exercises is effective in reducing age-related cognitive and physical decline. It is believed that physical activity in the context of cognitive challenges might enhance the process of neurogenesis in the adult brain, but how effective are such interventions? Is there enough evidence to support that dual-task training is more effective than cognitive or physical training alone? To what extent can such training improve cognitive and physical functions in patients at various stages of cognitive decline? This systematic review with meta-analysis summarizes the emerging evidence of dual-task training for enhancing cognitive and physical functions in older individuals with cognitive impairment, dementia or Alzheimer's disease. A systematic search was carried out in MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library with the following search terms: randomized control trials, dual-task training, SCD, MCI, dementia, and Alzheimer's disease. A total of 21 studies with 2,221 participants were identified. The results of dual-task tanning intervention are summarized as change in global cognitive function; SMD = 0.24, (P= 0.002), memory; SMD = 0.28, (P = 0.000), executive function; SMD = 0.35, (P = 0.000), attention; SMD = -0.19, (P = 0.1), gait speed; SMD = 0.26, (P = 0.007), dual-task cost; SMD 0.56, (P = 0.000), and balance; SMD 0.36, (P = 0.004). Primary analysis showed a small-to-medium positive effect of dual-task training interventions on cognitive functions and medium-to-large positive effect on gait functions and balance.

Effects of Dual-Task Training on Gait Parameters in Elderly Patients with Mild Dementia.

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of dual-task training (DTT) compared to single-task training (STT), on gait parameters in elderly patients with mild dementia (MD). Twenty-four elderly patients with MD were randomly assigned to the DTT (n = 13) or the STT group (n = 11). The DTT group performed a specific cognitive-motor DTT, while the STT group received only motor task training. Both training sessions lasted 8 weeks, with a frequency of 3 days per week, and the cognitive functions and gait parameters were measured. A statistically significant interaction effect was found between the two groups in stride length, stride velocity, cadence, step length, swing phase, stance phase, and double support phase (p < 0.05). After 8 weeks, the DTT group showed significant improvement in spatiotemporal parameters, except for the kinematic parameters (p < 0.05). In the between-group analysis, the DTT group showed more improvement than the STT group in stride velocity, step length, swing phase, stance phase, and double support (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that improvements in spatiotemporal gait parameters after DTT are reported in patients with MD. Our results can guide therapists to include dual tasks in their gait rehabilitation programs for the treatment of mild dementia.