Based on the analysis of the concepts of “distance education” and “distance learning”, we proposed components of the quality of the remote education system (availability of educational standards and distance learning programs, high efficiency of remote learning technologies, evaluation of administrative and management decisions on the creation and functioning of the system, degree of regulatory and legal regulation, assessment of the level of technical and resource equipment, personnel readiness to organize and monitor the educational process in digital format) as well as the quality of distance learning (assessment of the content of digital educational content, the degree of innovation of the distance learning course, the effectiveness of feedback pedagogical communication, the degree of student training, the strength of residual knowledge, the effectiveness of digital educational means, the intensity of pedagogical interaction, the level of digital competencies of teachers and the readiness of students for independent educational activities in the digital environment). On the basis of these conditions, we formulated external (administrative, regulatory, material and technical, personnel) and internal (didactic and personal) factors affecting the effectiveness of distance learning. We also specifiedAspects related to internal factors, such as determining the pace of completing a distance course, requirements for academic support, reliance on internal motivation, managing student activity, using tools for measuring learning, substantiating methods of feedback pedagogical communication, studying student satisfaction with a distance course.