Effects Of Different Treatment Modalities Research Articles

Effect of different treatment modalities on the prognosis of patients with stage IIIC cervical cancer

ObjectiveTo compare the effects of different treatments on the prognosis of patients with stage IIIC cervical cancer and to identify the main influencing factors to predict the outcomes of patients.MethodsIn this study, a total of 1763 patients with stage IIIC cervical cancer from 2010-2015 were retrospectively analyzed, and these patients were divided into the radical radiotherapy ± chemotherapy group (877 patients) and the radical surgery + radiotherapy ± chemotherapy group (886 patients) according to the treatment methods. The survival differences between the two groups were compared using the Kaplan-Meier method. Unifactorial and multifactorial COX analyses screened the clinical factors affecting the prognosis. The nomogram was constructed, and the accuracy of the line graph was verified using the C-index, calibration, and ROC (receiver operator characteristic curve, ROC).ResultsAge, race, T-stage, pathologic type, mass size, whether or not they underwent surgery, and whether or not they received radiotherapy were independent factors affecting Overall Survival (OS). For all patients with TxN1M0 in cervical cancer stage IIIC, radical synchronized radiotherapy was better than the radical surgery group (p<0.0001). After comparing the tumor size breakdown, it could be found that in the T1N1M0, T2N1M0, and T3N1M0 groups, none of the OS in the surgical group achieved an improvement in OS compared with that in the non-surgical group (p>0.05).ConclusionIn patients with stage IIIC cervical cancer, OS did not improve in the radical surgery group compared with the radical simultaneous radiotherapy group. And surgery did not benefit patients’ survival regardless of tumor size.

Effect of Different Treatment Modalities for Condylar Fractures in Childhood on Mandibular Symmetry and Temporomandibular Joint Function: A Retrospective Study.

In a retrospective study of the effects of different treatment modalities of condylar fractures in childhood on mandibular symmetry and temporomandibular function, the cases selected for this article were adult patients who had sustained a condylar fracture in childhood. The aim was to investigate the effects of condylar fractures in children on the development and function of the mandible and their specific manifestations after the completion of mandibular development. According to the different treatment modalities, the patients were divided into the conservative treatment group and the open surgical treatment group, and the effects of the 2 treatment modalities on the patients' condylar healing, the difference in growth ability, and the symmetry of the jaws were evaluated. The effects of different treatment modalities of children's condylar fracture on the growth, development, and function of the mandible were investigated using the Ai and Di, the grading of the imaging results, and the 3-dimensional CT fixation measurements from the aspects of both clinical examination and imaging examination. The 2 groups had condylar malalignment and condylar morphology abnormality, and there was one case of joint ankylosis in the surgical treatment group. There was a statistical difference in the evaluation of condylar reconstruction between the 2 groups, and the condylar reconstruction in the surgical treatment group was better than that in the conservative treatment, and there was a statistical difference between the condylar length, condylar width, condylar height, and depth of TMJ fossa between the healthy side and the affected side in the closed treatment group. There was a statistical difference in the height of the mandibular ascending branch between the healthy side and the affected side, and the unilateral condylar fracture was treated conservatively; the difference in the bony chin point deviation between the 2 groups was not statistically significant. In children, after conservative treatment of condylar fracture, the growth of condylar process is poor, and the condylar shape and position are not as good as surgical repositioning, but through the proliferation of temporomandibular joint fossa, it can make up for the insufficient height of condylar process, which has no effect on the symmetry of the mandible, and the surgical treatment can achieve good anatomical repositioning, which has a greater effect on the symmetry of the mandible than the conservative treatment.

Spontaneous and Treatment-Related Changes of Serum Calcitonin in Medullary Thyroid Cancer: Long-Term Experience in a Patient With Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2B.

Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) in MEN2B syndrome is associated with germline RET mutation. Patients harboring de novo mutations are usually diagnosed at more advanced disease stages. We present a young woman with Met918Th mutation diagnosed with stage IV MTC at age 10 years. The disease progressed despite total thyroidectomy and multiple surgical interventions for cervical lymph node recurrences, leading to distant metastases in the fifth year after the initial diagnosis. Subsequently, she underwent five different types of tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatments. The 17-year disease course was divided into periods defined by four surgical interventions and sequential treatment intervals with four multikinase (sunitinib, vandetanib, cabozantinib, and lenvatinib) and one RET-selective TKI (selpercatinib). Tumor growth for different phases of spontaneous development and drug treatment intervals was characterized by changes in serial log-transformed calcitonin measurements (n = 114). Three operations (one for calcitonin-producing adrenal pheochromocytoma) were associated with drops in calcitonin levels. All of the nonselective TKIs were stopped due to adverse effects. As reflected by the negative calcitonin doubling rate, the best treatment response was observed with selpercatinib, which was associated with an initial large drop followed by a decreasing calcitonin trajectory over 514 days without any major side effects. This case of MEN2B medullary thyroid cancer with long-term survival presents how the effectiveness of different treatment modalities can be estimated using log-transformed calcitonin levels. Furthermore, our experience supports the view that serial calcitonin measurements may be more sensitive than radiological follow-up in advanced MTC. Our patient also represents a new case of rarely reported calcitonin-producing pheochromocytomas.

Expanded analysis for patients with acute cholecystitis indicates outcomes vary based on COVID-19 status and treatment modality

BackgroundThe impact of different phases of COVID-19 infection on outcomes from acute calculous cholecystitis is not well understood. Therefore, we examined outcomes of acute cholecystitis during the COVID-19 pandemic, comparing the effect of different treatment modalities as well as COVID-19 infection status. We hypothesized that acute COVID-19 patients would have worse outcomes than COVID-negative patients, but there would be no difference between COVID-negative and COVID-recovered patients. MethodsWe utilized 2020-2023 National COVID Cohort Collaborative data to identify adults with acute calculous cholecystitis. Treatment (antibiotics-only, cholecystostomy tube, or cholecystectomy), and COVID-19 status (negative, active, or recovered) were collected. Treatment failure of non-operative managements was noted. Adjusted analysis using a series of generalized linear models controlled for confounders (age, sex, BMI, Charlson comorbidity index, severity at presentation, and year) to better assess differences in outcomes between treatment groups, as well as between COVID-19 groups. ResultsIn total, 32,433¥ patients were included: 29,749 COVID-negative, 2,112 COVID-active, and 572¥ COVID-recovered. COVID-active had higher rates of sepsis at presentation. COVID-negative more often underwent cholecystectomy. Unadjusted, COVID-active had higher 30-day mortality, 30-day complication, and longer LOS than COVID-negative and COVID-recovered. Adjusted analysis revealed cholecystectomy carried lower odds of mortality for COVID-active and COVID-negative patients, compared with antibiotics or cholecystostomy. COVID-recovered patients’ mortality was unaffected by treatment modality. Treatment failure from antibiotics was more common for COVID-negative patients. ConclusionsAcute cholecystitis outcomes are impacted by phase of COVID-19 infection and treatment modality. Cholecystectomy does not lead to worse outcomes for COVID-active and COVID-recovered patients, compared with non-operative treatments, thus these patients can be considered for cholecystectomy if their physiology is not prohibitive.

Long-term Effects of Kidney Transplantation Compared With Dialysis on Intima-media Thickness in Children-Results From the 4C-T Study.

Children requiring kidney replacement therapy experience high burden of cardiovascular (CV) disease leading to increased mortality. Intima-media thickness (IMT) indicating atherosclerosis is a validated surrogate marker for future CV events. We investigated the effect of different treatment modalities (dialysis, preemptive kidney transplantation (KTx), late KTx after dialysis) on IMT by multivariable linear mixed-effect modeling. Patients were enrolled in a prospective cohort study. A total of 261 analyzed children had a mean follow-up of 3 y. Children after preemptive and late KTx had lower levels of IMT when compared with dialysis. Using an interaction term, a significant progression of IMT over time was seen during dialysis (β = 0.0053 mm/y, P = 0.004). IMT before the start of therapy was the most influential determinant in all models. Low IMT was associated with maintenance steroid treatment after preemptive KTx. High IMT on dialysis was associated with higher systolic blood pressure, lower body mass index, lower serum albumin, and lower bicarbonate. IMT remained rather stable in children several years after KTx. In contrast, children on dialysis had higher IMT values, which increased over time. In these children, blood pressure control, calorie and protein intake, and acid-base homeostasis seem important. Taken together, children might profit from early transplantation to limit accumulation of CV risk.

Effects of different treatment modalities on cardiovascular disease in ARR-positive hypertensive patients.

Data on the prognosis of clinically undiagnosed hypertensive patients who are aldosterone-to-renin ratio (ARR) positive are still scarce. Therefore, we investigated the clinical characteristics of clinically undiagnosed hypertensive patients who were ARR-positive and the influence of their different treatments on the occurrence and development of complications. A total of 285 hypertensive patients data with ARR ≥ 3.8 in the Second People's Hospital of Huai'an from January 2019 to December 2021 were collected, and 135 undiagnosed hypertensive patients were ultimately included in the analysis. According to their treatment strategy in various clinical departments, 135 patients were divided into the operation, spironolactone and control groups. Then, the clinical characteristics and the occurrence and development of complications in the three groups were compared. The results suggested that: (1) Only 34 (11.9%) of 285 hypertensive patients with ARR ≥ 3.8 were clearly diagnosed with Primary aldosteronism (PA) through functional tests, and the blood pressure (BP) compliance rate was only 50.30% during follow-up. (2) Based on exclusion criteria, 135 undiagnosed hypertensive patients were eventually included in the analysis. Patients in the surgery group had lower blood potassium levels and higher aldosterone levels than those in the other two groups, and their risk of new cerebrovascular complications was lower than that of the patients in the spironolactone group. (3) The risk of new cerebrovascular complications in the spironolactone group was 9.520 times higher than that of the control group, and this risk mainly occurred in patients with ARR values of 3.8-5.7. On the whole, surgery remains a good option for hypertensive patients with severe hyperaldosteronism and hypokalemia and those unable to undergo confirmatory tests; however, spironolactone therapy in patients with clinically undiagnosed hypertension, especially those with 3.8 ≤ ARR < 5.7, confered a higher risk of new cerebrovascular complications.

Evaluation of the effect of different kinds of treatment modalities for temporomandibular joint pain and its relevance to chronic cervical pain: A randomized controlled trial.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different treatment modalities for temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain and their relevance to chronic cervical pain after 12 months. This was a randomized controlled trial. Forty-eight participants with chronic cervical and TMJ pain were selected using research diagnostic criteria and randomized into four groups (n = 12), which included control, soft splints, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), and low-level laser (LLL). The cervical and TMJ pain was recorded using visual analog scale (VAS) scores at baseline, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months. Occlusal equilibration was done for all groups except for the control. The mean pain scores were statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and posthoc test. The mean VAS scores in TMJ pain patients between the four groups at baseline and at final follow-up were 7.27 ± 1.29 in Group 1, 7.53 ± 0.70 in Group 2, 7.76 ± 0.80 in Group 3, and 7.61 ± 0.61 in Group 4. The mean difference between Groups 1 and 3, Groups 1 and 4, and Groups 2 and 3 was statistically significant (P < 0.00). Pearson correlation test yielded a mild and negative correlation between TMJ and cervical pain. TENS and LLL were found to be equally effective in reducing pain in the jaw joint region, followed by soft splints, and there was no correlation between TMJ and cervical pain.

Uncovering a novel DNA repair-related radiosensitivity model for evaluation of radiotherapy susceptibility in uterine corpus endometrial cancer

BackgroundUterine corpus endometrial cancer (UCEC) exhibit heterogeneity in their DNA repair capacity, which can impact their response to radiotherapy. Our study aimed to identify potential DNA repair-related biomarkers for predicting radiation response in UCEC. MethodsWe conducted a thorough analysis of 497 UCEC samples obtained from TCGA database. Using LASSO-COX regression analysis, we constructed a radiosensitivity signature and subsequently divided patients into the radiosensitive (RS) and the radioresistant (RR) groups based on their radiosensitivity index. The GSVA and GSEA were performed to explore functional annotations. The CIBERSORT and ESTIMATE algorithms were utilized to investigate the immune infiltration status of the two groups. Additionally, we utilized the Tumor Immune Dysfunction and Exclusion (TIDE), Immunophenotype Score (IPS), and pRRophetic algorithms to predict the effectiveness of different treatment modalities. ResultsWe constructed a radiosensitivity index consists of four DNA repair-related genes. Patients in the RS group demonstrated significantly improved prognosis compared to patients in the RR group when treated with radiotherapy. We observed that the RS group exhibited a higher proportion of the POLE ultra-mutated subtype, while the RR group had a higher proportion of the copy number high subtype. GSVA enrichment analysis revealed that the RS group exhibited enrichment in DNA damage repair pathways. Notably, the RS group demonstrated a higher proportion of naïve B cells and follicular helper T cells, while regulatory T cells (Tregs) and memory B cells were more abundant in the RR group. Furthermore, patients in the RS-PD-L1-high subgroup exhibited enrichment in immune-related pathways and increased sensitivity to immunotherapy, which is likely to contribute to their improved prognosis. Additionally, we conducted in vitro experiments to validate the expression of radiosensitivity genes in non-radioresistant (AN3CA) and radioresistant (AN3CA/IR) endometrial cancer cells. ConclusionsIn conclusion, our research successfully constructed a radiosensitivity signature with robust predictive capacity. These findings shed light on the association between immune activation, PD-L1 expression, and the response to immunotherapy in the context of radiotherapy.

Prognostic effects of different treatment modalities for hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: Experience of two tertiary hospitals in Southwestern China

BackgroundThe prognostic effects of different treatment modalities on patients with hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HPSCC) remain unclear. MethodsHPSCC patients diagnosed and treated at either West China Hospital or Sichuan Cancer Hospital between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2019, were enrolled in this retrospective, real-world study. Survival rates were presented using Kaplan–Meier curves and compared using log-rank tests. Univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to identify the predictors of overall survival (OS). Subgroup analyses were conducted for patients with advanced-stage HPSCC (stages III and IV and category T4). ResultsA total of 527 patients with HPSCC were included. Patients receiving SRC (surgery, radiotherapy [RT], and chemotherapy) showed the best OS (p < 0.0001). In comparison with RT alone, both surgery alone (all cases: hazard ratio [HR] = 0.39, p = 0.0018; stage IV cases: HR = 0.38, p = 0.0085) and surgery-based multimodality treatment (SBMT; all cases: HR = 0.27, p < 0.0001; stage IV cases: HR = 0.30, p = 0.00025) showed prognostic benefits, while SBMT also showed survival priority over chemoradiotherapy (CRT; all cases: HR = 0.52, p < 0.0001; stage IV cases: HR = 0.59, p = 0.0033). Moreover, patients who underwent surgery alone had comparable OS to those who underwent SBMT (all patients: p = 0.13; stage IV cases: p = 0.34), while CRT yielded similar prognostic outcomes as RT alone (all patients: p = 0.054; stage IV cases: p = 0.11). ConclusionsSurgery alone was comparable to SBMT and superior to RT/CRT in terms of OS in patients with HPSCC. We suggest that surgery should be encouraged for the treatment of HPSCC, even in patients with advanced-stage disease.

Treatment Modalities and Outcomes in Brainstem Cavernous Malformations: A Large Multicenter Observational Cohort Study.

Symptomatic brainstem cavernous malformations (BSCMs) pose a high risk of morbidity and mortality due to recurrent hemorrhage, warranting aggressive management. However, few studies have compared the effectiveness of different treatment modalities for BSCMs. We aimed to assess the association of treatment modalities with recurrent hemorrhage and neurological outcomes in patients with BSCM. We conducted a retrospective cohort study using an observational registry database covering population of southwest and southeast China. Adult patients with BSCM were included and followed up between March 1, 2011, to March 31, 2023. We compared outcomes between microsurgery and stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) in propensity score-matched case pairs, incorporating demographic, medical history, and lesion characteristics. The outcomes studied included recurrent hemorrhage and poor prognosis (defined as a Glasgow Outcome Scale score, <4). Absolute rate differences and hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CIs were calculated using Cox models. Among 736 diagnosed patients with BSCM, 96 (48 matched pairs) were included after exclusions and propensity score matching (mean age, 43.1 [SD, 12.1] years; 50% women). During the median 5-year follow-up, no significant differences in recurrent hemorrhage (4.2% [microsurgery] versus 14.6% [SRS], HR, 3.90 [95% CI, 0.46-32.65]; P=0.21) and poor prognosis (12.5% [microsurgery] versus 8.3% [SRS], HR, 0.29 [95% CI, 0.08-1.08]; P=0.07) were observed between microsurgery and SRS recipients. Furthermore, either microsurgery or SRS correlated with fewer recurrent hemorrhage (HR, 0.09 [95% CI, 0.02-0.39]; P=0.001; HR, 0.21 [95% CI, 0.07-0.69]; P=0.01) compared with conservative treatment. In this study, both microsurgery and SRS were safe and effective for BSCM, demonstrated comparable outcomes in recurrent hemorrhage and poor prognosis. However, interpretation should be cautious due to the potential for residual confounding. URL: https://www.chictr.org.cn/; Unique identifier: ChiCTR2300070907.

Effect of different treatment modalities on ovarian cancer patients with liver metastases: A retrospective cohort study based on SEER.

To examine the trends in morbidity and mortality among ovarian cancer patients with liver metastases, and investigate the impact of different treatments on both overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS). 2,925 ovarian cancer patients with liver metastases from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 2010-2019 were included. The primary endpoint was considered as OS and CSS. We conducted trend analysis of the incidence, OS and CSS rates of liver metastases in ovarian cancer. Univariate and multivariate COX proportional risk models were used to investigate the association between different treatment methods and OS, and univariate and multivariate competing risk models were employed to evaluate the impact of treatment methods on CSS. At the end of follow-up, 689 patients remained alive. The OS and CSS rates were 76.44% and 72.99% for all patients, respectively. There was a significant decreasing trend in the incidence [average annual percent change (AAPC) = -2.3, 95% confidence interval (CI): -3.9, -0.7], all-cause mortality (AAPC = -12.8, 95% CI: -15.6, -9.9) and specific mortality (AAPC = -13.0, 95% CI: -16.1, -9.8) rate of liver metastases in ovarian cancer. After adjusting all confounding factor, only receiving surgery was associated with OS [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.39, 95%CI: 0.31-0.48]/CSS (HR = 0.37, 95%CI: 0.30-0.47). Chemotherapy was found to be protective factor for OS (HR = 0.33, 95%CI: 0.30-0.37)/CSS (HR = 0.44, 95%CI: 0.39-0.50) of ovarian cancer patients, while not receiving surgery remained a risk factor. Additionally, the result of subgroup analyses also showed that only receiving surgery and chemotherapy still were significant protective factor of OS and CSS for patients without other distant metastases, with distant metastases to the bone, lung, brain or other organs, with bone metastasis, and with lung metastasis. Our research has elucidated a downward trend in morbidity and mortality rates among patients with liver metastases originating from ovarian cancer. Only receiving surgery and chemotherapy as therapies methods confer survival benefits to patients.

Voice Outcomes of Intensive Voice Feminization Therapy for Transgender Women Delivered via Telepractice: Pilot Study

ObjectivesThe aim of this pilot study is to investigate the efficacy of an intensive voice feminization therapy program provided via telepractice. MethodsA total of 10 transgender women participated, with 9 completing the therapy program. All participants received 12 sessions of resonant voice therapy in combination with Vocal Function Exercises and voice hygiene, which were completed within four weeks. Acoustic and aerodynamic measures, auditory-perceptual ratings, Trans Woman Voice Questionnaire (TWVQ) and self-rated voice femininity were conducted before and after treatment. ResultsStatistical analysis showed significant improvements in acoustic measures such as fundamental frequency and semitones, TWVQ scores, auditory-perceptual ratings and self-perception of voice femininity after intensive voice therapy. ConclusionsThis study provides preliminary evidence to suggest that transgender women can benefit from intensive voice therapy when provided via telepractice, with a more feminine voice and better self-perceived voice-related quality of life. The limitations of this study were that the single-group study design lacked a control group for comparison, and the small sample size. Therefore, a randomize controlled and follow-up study with a larger sample size, exploring the effects of different treatment modalities on transgender women's voices is warranted.

Development Of Inhibitors In Hemophilia A Patients Receiving Different Treatment Options

Introduction: Hemophilia A is the most common inherited bleeding disorder in Pakistan. Apart from frequent bleeds and joint deformities, the formation of inhibitors is the major complication of hemophilia. Inhibitors are antibodies formed against the coagulation factor. The purpose of this study is to determine the incidence of inhibitor development in hemophilia A patient receiving different treatment modalities namely fresh frozen plasma (FFP)/cryoprecipitate, plasma derived FVIII concentrates and long-acting recombinant FVIII concentrates. Aims &amp; Objectives: To assess the development of inhibitors in hemophilia A patients receiving treatment modalities. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at Chughtai Institute of Pathology from November 2021 to November 2023. Material &amp;Methods: A total of 75 registered patients of the Hemophilia Patient Welfare Society, Lahore and Sundas Foundation were initially screened for FVIII inhibitors. Those who were found negative for these inhibitors were included in the study and then divided into three equal groups of 25 patients each. One group received only FFP/cryoprecipitate for treatment, the other group received plasma derived FVIII concentrates and the last group received recombinant factor VIII concentrates. These patients were observed for two years i.e after 15-20 exposures and following this period their inhibitors screening was done again to establish the effect of different treatment modalities on inhibitor development. The data collected was entered and analyzed by SPSS-21, a p-value of ?0.05 was considered significant. Results: Our study showed that only 3 patients out of 25, receiving FFP as treatment modality developed inhibitors. Whereas, none of the patients receiving plasma derived FVIII concentrates and recombinant factor VIII concentrates developed inhibitors. The P value calculated is 0.044 which is significant. Conclusion: Plasma derived FVIII concentrates and recombinant FVIII concentrates are safer as compared to FFP/Cryoprecipitate and have lesser risk for inhibitor development.

Clipping and coiling of intracranial aneurysms in the elderly patients: clinical features and treatment outcomes.

In recent years, more and more cases of intracranial aneurysms (IAs) have been found in elderly patients, and neurosurgical interventions have increased, but there is still no consensus on the best treatment strategy for elderly patients. In elderly patients, endovascular coiling (EC) is more popular than surgical clipping (SC) due to its advantages of less trauma and faster recovery. However, SC has made great progress in recent years, significantly improving the prognosis of elderly patients. Therefore, it is necessary to further explore the effects of different treatment modalities on clinical prognosis, hospital stay, and hospital cost of elderly IA patients, and select the most appropriate treatment modalities. The authors retrospectively analyzed 767 patients with intracranial aneurysms admitted to the facility between August 2017 and December 2022. Prognostic risk factors and multivariate logistic regression were analyzed for elderly patients treated with EC or SC. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to calculate the predictive power of each independent predictor between the treatment groups. Our study included 767 patients with aneurysms, of whom 348 (45.4%) were elderly, 176 (22.9%) underwent endovascular coiling, and 172 (22.4%) underwent microsurgical clipping. A comparison of elderly patients treated with EC and SC showed a higher prevalence of hypertension in the EC group (P = 0.011) and a higher Hunt-Hess score on admission in the SC group (P = 0.010). Patients in the EC group had shorter hospital stays but higher costs (P = 0.000 and P = 0.000, respectively). Patients treated with SC had a higher incidence of postoperative cerebral infarction and poor prognosis (P = 0.002 and P = 0.008, respectively). Through multi-factor logistic analysis, it was found that age (OR 1.209, 95% CI 1.047-1.397, P = 0.010), length of stay (LOS) (OR 1.160, 95 CI% 1.041-1.289, P = 0.007), and complications (OR 31.873, 95 CI% 11.677-320.701, P = 0.000) was an independent risk factor for poor prognosis in elderly patients with EC. In elderly patients treated with SC, age (OR 1.105, 95% CI 1.010-1.209, P = 0.029) was an independent risk factor for poor prognosis. EC and SC interventions in elderly adults carry higher risks compared to non-older adults, and people should consider these risks and costs when making a decision between intervention and conservative treatment. In elderly patients who received EC or SC treatments, EC showed an advantage in improving outcomes in elderly patients although it increased the economic cost of the patient's hospitalization.

Improving the effectiveness of SUD treatment through a national registry.

Recent research into the effectiveness of abstinence-based substance use disorder (SUD) treatment indicates that there has not been a substantial improvement since the Drug Abuse Treatment Outcome Study research in 1993. Research into medication-supported treatments for SUD are hindered by a dearth of real-world longitudinal outcome studies. Patient registries have dramatically improved survival rates in many diseases by providing researchers with longitudinal data on a broad spectrum of patients undergoing a variety of treatments. Policy prescription: We recommend the creation of a national registry for patients receiving treatment for SUD akin to the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program established in 1971 to track cancer patient outcomes. One option would be to expand the data currently being collected in the Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) to include all nonpublicly funded treatment and to allow for longitudinal tracking of deidentified individuals. Information on medication use and deaths could be kept up to date through integrations with state-wide death registries and Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs. The TEDS dataset already undergoes extensive data deidentification to make sure individuals cannot be identified prior to releasing the admissions and discharge datasets to researchers. Once longitudinal tracking is available, even more stringent deidentification will be necessary, and access to the dataset would be restricted to public health researchers. The development of a registry of individuals undergoing treatment for SUD can be expected to enhance our understanding of the progression of the disease and the relative effectiveness of different treatment modalities for patients with different drug use histories and characteristics.

Chronic Hepatitis B In Children: Case Series From A Tertiary Paediatric Hospital.

Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) remains an important global public health problem. Seroconversion is highly correlated with favourable long-term outcome. There is no consensus on the treatment method, onset time and duration for paediatric CHB patients. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the course of children with CHB, to determine the characteristics of the patients who developed spontaneous seroconversion and treatment indications, and to compare the effectiveness of different treatment modalities. Patients aged 1-18 years with a diagnosis of CHB were included in this study and evaluated for the development of spontaneous hepatitis B envelope antigen (HBeAg)/surface antigen (HBsAg) seroconversion and treatment modalities. The treated patients were divided into two groups according to their treatment regimen. Of the 114 patients, the median age at diagnosis was 8.4 years and median follow-up period was 5.2 years. Spontaneous HBeAg and HBsAg seroconversion developed in 18 (20.6%) of 87 HBeAg positive patients and two (1.8%) patients, respectively. Thirty-one patients were treated. The follow-up period was higher in the group with HBeAg seroconversion (p:0.005). There was no statistical difference between the patients in terms of seroconversion development and treatment status. The serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) values at the time of diagnosis were statistically higher in treated patients. HBV infection and CHB continue to be an important problem for children in our country. Consensus on the appropriate ALT ULN is needed for the treatment of hepatitis in children.

Comparison of carcinosarcoma and adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder: a study based on SEER population for propensity matching and nomogram analysis.

Carcinosarcoma of the gallbladder (CSGB) is an uncommon malignancy, and limited literature is available on its clinicopathological features, prognosis, and treatment options. Using the SEER database, we selected 7634 gallbladder adenocarcinoma patients (diagnosed from 2004 to 2015) and 58 carcinosarcoma of the gallbladder patients (diagnosed from 1988 to 2019) based on predetermined criteria. We compared the overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) before and after propensity score matching in two groups. Cox univariate and multivariate analyses were performed, and a nomogram was further generated to investigate the impact of clinical and pathological variables on the survival of patients with CSGB. Finally, we evaluated the effect of different treatment modalities on the overall survival of CSGB patients. Notably, CSGB patients had larger tumors and underwent surgery more frequently than gallbladder adenocarcinoma patients, with lower rates of deeper tumor infiltrates, and lymph node infiltrates. Conversely, gallbladder adenocarcinoma patients had a higher proportion of AJCC staging (III-IV). Despite these differences, no significant differences were found in OS and CSS between the two groups before and after propensity score matching. For CSGB patients, AJCC staging, surgery and tumor size were significant prognostic factors, while treatment modalities such as surgery combined with chemotherapy, or combined radiochemotherapy, as well as radical resection, did not significantly prolong patient survival. No significant difference was found in survival rates between CSGB and gallbladder adenocarcinoma patients, while radical surgery and different combined treatment modalities did not provide significant survival benefits.

Treatment Modalities in Calcium Channel Blocker Overdose: A Systematic Review.

Calcium channel blocker poisoning is one of the most common poisonings encountered which presents with life-threatening complications. However, there is no unified approach for treating these patients in the existing literature. This study aimed to assess the effects of different treatment modalities used in calcium channel blocker poisoning, as reported by previous studies. The primary outcomes studied were mortality and hemodynamic parameters after treatment. The secondary outcomes were the length of hospital stay, length of intensive care unit stay, duration of vasopressor use, functional outcomes, and serum calcium channel blocker concentrations. A thorough literature search was performed through Ovid, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar from January 2014 to December 31, 2022, to identify all studies analyzing the effects of the treatment of calcium channel blocker poisoning on the desired outcomes. Two reviewers reviewed 607 published articles from January 2014 to December 2022 to identify studies analyzing the effects of the treatment of calcium channel blocker poisoning on desired outcomes. In this review, 18 case reports, one case series, and one cohort study were included. Most patients were treated with an injection of calcium gluconate or calcium chloride. The use of calcium along with dopamine and norepinephrine was found to have lower mortality rates. A few patients were also treated with injection atropine for bradycardia. High-dose insulin therapy was used in 14 patients, of whom two did not survive. In the cohort study, 66 calcium channel blocker toxicity patients were included. These patients were treated with high-dose insulin therapy. A total of 11 patients with calcium channel blocker toxicity succumbed. Although it was found to be associated with improved hemodynamic parameters and lower mortality, side effects such as hypokalemia and hypoglycemia were noted. Intravenous lipid emulsion therapy (administered to eight patients), extracorporeal life support (used in three patients with refractory shock or cardiac arrest), injection glucagon, methylene blue, albumin infusion, and terlipressin were associated with a lower mortality rate as well as improvement in hemodynamic parameters. None of the case reports provided any information on end-organ damage on long-term follow-up.

Combined Use of Calf Blood-Deproteinized Extract and Eye Drops for the Treatment of Moderate to Severe Dry Eye Patients

This research was aimed to demonstrate the clinical therapeutic effect of the joint use of calf blood-deproteinized extract (CBDE) and eye drops in therapy of moderate to severe dry eye (MSDE) patients. By analyzing the therapeutic effects of different treatment modalities, the superiority of the combined approach was examined. The main components of the calf blood protein extract were analyzed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Ninety patients with MSDE were included. They were assigned into two groups randomly: the eye drops group (45 patients receiving eye drop treatment) and the joint therapy group (45 patients receiving the combined treatment of CBDE and eye drops). The treatment effects between the two groups were compared. It was revealed that the CBDE had a high content of glucose. The treatment effectiveness was 80.00% in the eye drops group and 95.56% in the joint therapy group. The combined treatment demonstrated a greatly higher effectiveness in MSDE versus the use of eye drops alone (P &lt;0.05). The joint therapy group showed more pronounced improvements in tear breakup time (BUT), Schirmer I test (SIT), corneal fluorescein test (FL) scores, and symptom scores (P &lt;0.05). Moreover, the joint therapy group exhibited a more drastic decrease in the corneal surface asymmetry index (SAI) and corneal surface regularity index (SRI) (P &lt;0.05), as well as a greater reduction in the levels of inflammatory markers (P &lt;0.05). The dry eye symptom scores were also markedly lower in the joint therapy group (P &lt;0.05). These findings indicate that the combined use of CBDE and eye drops has a positive effect in therapy of MSDE patients, improving dry eye symptoms, suppressing inflammatory markers, and promoting disease recovery.

Effects of different treatment modalities on biomechanical behavior of maxillary incisors with external invasive cervical resorption at different progression levels.

This study aimed to evaluate the biomechanical behavior of maxillary incisors with external invasive cervical resorption (EICR) at different progression levels after receiving different modes of treatment under occlusal forces using finite element analysis (FEA). Three-dimensional (3D) models of intact maxillary central incisors were constructed and modified to include EICR cavities with different progression levels in the buccal cervical areas. The EICR cavities confined to dentin were repaired using Biodentine™ (Septodont Ltd., Saint Maur des Fausse ́s, France), resin composite, or glass ionomer cement (GIC) . Additionally, EICR cavities with pulp invasion requiring direct pulp capping were simulated as repaired using Biodentine only or 1 mm thick Biodentine and either resin composite or GIC for the rest of the cavity. Moreover, models with root canal treatment and EICR defects repaired using Biodentine, resin composites, or GIC were also generated. A force of 240 N was applied to the incisal edge. The principal stresses in the dentin were evaluated. GIC showed more favorable results than the other materials in EICR cavities confined to the dentin. However, Biodentine alone resulted in more favorable minimum principal stresses (Pmin ) compared to other materials in EICR cavities with close pulp proximity. Exceptionally, the models localized in the coronal third of the root with a circumferential extension of the cavity >90° showed more favorable results for GIC. The presence of root canal treatment had no significant effect on stress values. Based on this FEA study the use of GIC in EICR lesions confined to the dentin is recommended. However, Biodentine may be a better option for restoring EICR lesions close to the pulp with or without root canal treatment. Except when the circumferential extension of the cavity is >90°, the use of GIC may be more advantageous.