Effect Of Different Process Parameters Research Articles

A TCAD study on the effect of process parameters on silicon optical phase shifter performance

On-chip integrated optical phase shifters are an important part of optical phase modulators. The performance of such modulators relies heavily on the phase shifter performance, which in turn depends on multiple process parameters. This paper reports the study of the effect of different process parameters on the performance of a silicon PN optical phase shifter obtained by process simulation using Silvaco® TCAD. The effect of dopant implantation dose, implantation energy, annealing temperature and time, wafer temperature, wafer tilt and rotation, and pre-amorphization on the phase and absorption of light is discussed. The 3-dB modulation bandwidth of a lumped phase shifter and the dependency of the performance metrics on different process parameters are presented. Monte Carlo numerical simulation shows that the free-carrier absorption has a much greater dependency on the process parameters than the phase shift. The study shows that ion channeling poses a limiting factor on the phase shifter performance, which can be improved by tilting the wafer or using a pre-amorphized substrate for implantation. The study shows that the 3-dB modulation bandwidth is highly dependent on the wafer tilt angle, rotation angle, and the lattice structure of the solid substrate. A bandwidth improvement of more than 5× is observed with 1.7× lower absorption for a pre-amorphized sample at −5 V compared to a crystalline sample with the same process flow.

Analysis and prediction of Cu-Sn-Ti alloy deposited on 316 L steel by coaxial laser cladding

Cu-Sn-Ti has the advantages of excellent properties and low cost, which makes it suitable to be used as a bonding agent for CBN grinding wheels. In this paper, laser cladding was used to obtain Cu-Sn-Ti clad layers on the surface of 316 L steel substrate, and the effects of process parameters (laser power, scanning speed and powder feeding rate) on the clad height, melting pool width, melting pool depth and dilution rate were investigated. Then, the extent of the effect of different process parameters on the clad layer morphology and the reasons for it were analyzed in terms of laser energy as well as absorbed energy. Finally, the numerical prediction models of the morphological characteristic parameters of the clad layer were established and the microhardness of the clad layer was measured. The results showed that the coefficients of determination of the numerical prediction models for clad height, melting pool width, and melting pool depth were 0.9723, 0.9688, and 0.9840, respectively. The maximum relative error of dilution rate was 3.6%. The microhardness of the clad layer reached 310.6–366.2 HV0.5. The results provided theoretical support for the deposition of Cu-Sn-Ti bonding layers with outstanding morphology on the surface of 316 L substrates.

Direct Energy Depositions of a 17-4 PH Stainless Steel: Geometrical and Microstructural Characterizations

Direct energy deposition (DED) is a widely accepted additive manufacturing process and a possible alternative to the subtractive manufacturing processes due to its high flexibility in fabricating new 3D parts. DED enables the manufacture of complex parts without using costly and time-consuming conventional processes, even though building parameters need to be accurately determined. In the present investigation, the effect of different process parameters on geometrical features, quality, microstructure, and microhardness of 17-4 PH stainless steel single tracks deposited onto an AISI 316L stainless steel substrate was investigated. Four sets of process parameters, considering different values of laser power, scanning speed, and powder feed rate, were selected in the manufacturing strategy, and specimens drawn from each single-track deposition were analyzed by stereomicroscopy, optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results show that the optimized geometrical features of the track, together with the best microstructural and hardness properties, were obtained with the highest values of the laser energy input.

Preparation of Black Ceramic Tiles with Chromium Slag and Copper Smelting Waste Slag

Chromium slag and copper smelting waste slag are solid wastes generated in the process of industrial production of chromium salt and copper metal, respectively. In this study, chromium slag and copper smelting waste slag were used as raw materials to produce black ceramic tiles. It can not only reduce environmental pollution but also increase their utilization value. The chromaticity values of ceramic tiles (L*, a*, and b*), which are color models developed by the International Commission on Illumination, were measured using a colorimeter. The phases and microstructure of the ceramic tile were analyzed by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscope and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM-EDS), respectively. The effects of different process parameters on the coloring performance of ceramic tiles were also investigated. The results show that the color of ceramic tile is the best when the Fe/Cr ratio is 1.5, the sintering temperature is 1200 °C, the holding time is 30 min and the ceramic tile is cooled in the furnace. The values of L*, a*, and b* are, respectively, 22.5, 0, and −1.6. The compressive strength of ceramic tile and the leaching concentration of Cr(VI) are 127.2 MPa and 3.31 mg/L, respectively, which can meet the relevant national standards.

Performance and application study of silane coupling agent (KH550) modified wood fiber‐fly ash cenosphere/epoxy resin composites

AbstractIn this paper, the epoxy resin composite filled with wood fiber and fly ash cenosphere was prepared. In order to improve the bonding properties between wooden fiber/fly ash cenosphere and epoxy resin, the grafting treatment of wooden fiber and fly ash cenosphere surfaces was carried out here using KH550 type silane coupling agent. The effects of different process parameters on the surface modification effect of wooden fiber and fly ash cenosphere were investigated, the mechanical properties and energy absorption characteristics of the materials before and after the filler modification were tested, and the microscopic interfacial structures of the matrix with wooden fiber and fly ash cenosphere were investigated by scanning electron microscopy. Meanwhile, based on LS‐DYNA simulation software, the energy‐absorbing performance of energy‐absorbing boxes prepared from AA6061 aluminum alloy and modified wooden fiber‐fly ash cenosphere/epoxy resin composites were compared in low‐velocity collisions.

Effects of processing temperature on failure mechanisms of dissimilar aluminum-to-polymer joints produced by friction stir welding

An engineering grade, glass fibre reinforced (GFR) polymer – Noryl™ Resin GFN2 - and an aluminum magnesium silicon alloy - AA6082-T6 - were joined by Friction Stir Welding (FSW) in overlap configuration. A systematic analysis was conducted on the effects of different process parameters, namely, vertical force, rotating speed and transverse speed, on processing temperature and mechanical performance, and how they relate with the failure mechanisms of the joints. The analysis encompassed the morphology of the joints’ interfaces and generated defects associated to the joining process. The quasi-static tensile tests resulted in average tensile strengths varying between 15.9 and 37.9 MPa, representing joints’ efficiencies ranging from 19.9% up to 47.4%. Both macro and micromechanical interlocking were found to be the main joining mechanisms, whilst chemical bonding played a secondary role. The development of interlocking features was found to be related with the processing temperature, and it should be comprised between the softening and melting temperature of the polymeric material. Processing temperature influences both the joints’ strength, and failure mechanisms, with low strength joints’ tending to exhibit interfacial failure, whereas high strength joints’ failure can be associated with the failure of the weakest base material close to the joint region. This research work validates the feasibility of dissimilar polymer-to-metal joining through FSW. To this end it was studied the failure mechanisms in the Aluminum and the GFR polymer which exhibit highly dissimilar physical and thermo-mechanical properties. The mechanical performance of these joints is limited by the weakest base material and is mainly governed by macro and micro-mechanical interlocking features, which relates to the failure mechanism. The relation between macro and micro-mechanical interlocking features, failure mechanism and joint strength is crucial towards maximization of the joints’ mechanical performance.

High Stability and Low Irritation of Retinol Propionate and Hydroxypinacolone Retinoate Supramolecular Nanoparticles with Effective Anti-Wrinkle Efficacy

Gravi-A nanoparticles, composed of retinyl propionate (RP) and hydroxypinacolone retinoate (HPR), were prepared by encapsulating the two using the high-pressure homogenization technique. The nanoparticles are effective in anti-wrinkle treatment with high stability and low irritation. We evaluated the effect of different process parameters on nanoparticle preparation. Supramolecular technology effectively produced nanoparticles with spherical shapes with an average size of 101.1 nm. The encapsulation efficiency was in the 97.98-98.35% range. The system showed a sustained release profile for reducing the irritation caused by Gravi-A nanoparticles. Furthermore, applying lipid nanoparticle encapsulation technology improved the transdermal efficiency of the nanoparticles, thereby allowing these to penetrate deep into the dermis layer to achieve precise and sustained release of active ingredients. Gravi-A nanoparticles can be extensively and conveniently used in cosmetics and other related formulations by direct application.

Introducing Spectrophotometry for Quality Control in Lithium‐Ion‐Battery Electrode Manufacturing

The demand for electrochemical storage systems is increasing due to their conventional use in mobile applications and potential as energy storage devices in power generation and electromobility. Due to its comparatively low weight and high energy density, the lithium‐ion battery is one of the most widely used electrochemical storage devices. Battery cell production consists of a complex process chain with a large number of interdisciplinary processes. Each process step has specific requirements for the product. Different process parameters are essential in each step and require unique control measurements to ensure the quality of the intermediate product. To identify critical parameters, an understanding of the potential effects of different process parameters and the relationship between structural characteristics and end product properties must be gained. Therefore, herein, spectrophotometry concerning its application in lithium‐ion battery production is investigated. Individual process steps in electrode production are carried out to establish a correlation between intermediate product properties and measured color values. The influences of the powder components, the dispersion, and coating process are discussed. Based on the experiments carried out in this study, the suitability of spectrophotometry as an indirect measurement method of intermediate product properties is demonstrated.

The Effects of Different Process Parameters of PLA+ on Tensile Strengths in 3D Printer Produced by Fused Deposition Modeling

Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is a three-dimensional (3D) printing technique in which parts are produced with thermoplastic polymer layers in a highly controlled manner. However, the production of ready-made parts using FDM is quite tricky. At the same time, the mechanical properties of parts printed with current print parameters and low-cost 3D printers also vary. The quality and mechanical characteristics of the final part are influenced by production parameters such as the extrusion temperature, infill density, infill pattern, print speed, and layer height. This study focused on the effects of the infill pattern, infill density and print speed parameters on the tensile strength and production time of model structures printed with PLA+ material. The tensile strength of the printed parts have been determined by a WDM-100E model tensile testing machine. In addition, the tensile strengths and production times of the parts have been optimized by the signal-to-noise (SN) ratio analysis. The results reveal that triangle infill pattern exhibits the best tensile strength at 40 mm/sec printing speed and 100% infill density. On the other hand, the lowest production time is observed in the gyroid infill pattern.

Statistical analysis of the effect of processing machine parameters on acoustical absorptive properties of needle-punched nonwovens

The object of this paper is to investigate the acoustic insulation properties of needle-punched nonwovens produced from recycled polyester waste blended with virgin polyester serving as supportive material. The research work also studies the effect of different processing parameters of needle punching nonwoven machines through the investigation of different needle speeds, lattice speeds, and penetration depths. Throughout the research work, several needles punched nonwoven fabrics were produced under different conditions as follows: Three needle speeds were applied: 280, 245, and 227 rpm. Three lattice speeds were applied: 0.72, 1.47, and 2.35 m/min. Three depths of penetration for the needles were applied: 26, 10, and 5 mm. Finally, different blends of waste/virgin polyester fibers were produced and tested: 40/60%, 20/80%, and 100% virgin polyester. The four parameters investigated had a statistically significant effect on the sound transmission losses obtained. It was proved that as the frequency increases, the needle speed gains importance while the needle penetration depth loses importance. The results of testing the different samples indicated that the highest sound transmission loss is attained using non-woven fabrics produced from virgin polyester fibers and prepared at high stitch density.

Research on Damage Characteristics of Ultrasonic Vibration-Assisted Grinding of a C/SIC Composite Material

C/SiC composites are the preferred materials for high temperature resistant (usually above 1500 °C) structural parts in aerospace, aviation, shipbuilding, and other industries. When this kind of material component is processed efficiently by grinding, the damage forms of fiber step brittle fracture and fiber pulling out are often produced on the machined surface/subsurface. The existence of these damage forms deteriorates the quality of the machine surface and may reduce the bending strength of materials to a certain extent. Therefore, it is very important to study the mechanism and the damage law of ordinary grinding and ultrasonic vibration-assisted grinding and take reasonable measures to restrain the machining damage. In this paper, the typical damage forms of C/SiC composites during the end and side grinding are explored. The surface and subsurface damage degree of C/SiC composites during grinding and ultrasonic vibration-assisted grinding were compared. The effects of different process parameters on material damage were compared and analyzed. The results show that the damage forms of ordinary grinding and ultrasonic grinding are basically the same. Compared with ordinary grinding, ultrasonic-assisted grinding can reduce surface damage to a certain extent and subsurface damage significantly.

Amalgamation and Optimization of FAEE Biodiesel Fuel from Croton macrostachyus hochst. ex Delile Seed oil Utilizing Solid Calcium Oxide-Chicken Eggshell Squander as a Heterogeneous Catalyst.

Identification of better yielding nonedible feedstocks and process improvements with locally prepared chemicals is the way forward for improving biodiesel economic viability. Synthesis of fatty acid ethyl ester (FAEE) biodiesel from Croton macrostachyus hochst. ex delile (C. M.) seed oil is investigated through the transesterification method including oil extraction and CaO-chicken eggshell waste as a heterogeneous catalyst and ethanol, which has not yet been investigated earlier. The effects of catalyst load from 2% to 6% (w/w) of the weight of oil, ethanol to oil ratio from 9 : 1 to 12 : 1(v/v), reaction temperature from 60 to 80℃, and reaction time variation from 0.45 to 2 hr have been explored. The yield has been investigated, with the oil content of the C. M. seed being 46.85% realized through the solvent extraction route. The central composite design (CCD) using a design expert is employed to investigate the effects of different process parameters for biodiesel synthesis and to find the optimum conditions for maximizing the yield. The conversion to biodiesel via the calcium oxide-heterogeneous catalyzed transesterification route has achieved 91% yield under the optimum conditions. The optimum result predicted by the model is found to be 91.036% at a catalyst loading of 5.802 wt.%, reaction temperature of 76.117℃, a reaction time of 1.969 hr, and ethanol to oil molar ratio of 11.55 with a desirability value of 1.000. The FTIR spectrum confirms the composition and functional groups of synthesized biodiesel under optimum reaction conditions. Physicochemical properties of synthesized C. M. biodiesel are determined, and the results when compared with the biodiesel standard specifications are within the range prescribed. The result showed that C. M. could be a very viable feedstock for the biodiesel industry, which could be exploited as an alternative fuel source.

Self-Propelled Rotary Tools in Hard Turning: Analysis and Optimization via Finite Element Models.

This study investigates self-propelled rotary tool (SPRT) performance in hard turning using 3D finite element (FE) models. The FE models developed in this study are based on coupled temperature-displacement analysis using an explicit time-integration scheme. The developed FE models can predict chip morphology, cutting forces, tool and workpiece stresses and temperatures. For model verification, hard turning experiments were conducted using an SPRT on AISI 4340 bars. Cutting forces and maximum tool-chip interface temperatures were recorded and compared with the model findings. The effects of different process parameters were analyzed and discussed using the developed FE models. The FE models were run with a central composite design (CCD-25) matrix with four input variables, i.e., the cutting speed, the feed rate, the depth of the cut and the inclination angle. Response surfaces based on the Gaussian process were generated for each performance variable in order to predict design points not available in the original design of the experiment matrix. An optimization study was carried out to minimize tool stress and temperature while setting limits for the material removal rate (MRR) and specific cutting energy for the process. Optimized processes were found with moderate cutting speeds and feed rates and high depths of cut and inclination angles.

Effect of 3D printing process parameters on surface and mechanical properties of FFF-printed PEEK

Fused filament fabrication (FFF), as one of the most commonly used additive manufacturing (AM) technology, draws lots of attention in fabrication of polymer-based materials because of its simplicity and relatively low-cost. Recent advances in FFF printing enables fabrication of high-temperature and high-performance polymeric materials such as polyether ether ketone (PEEK). The objective of this work is to evaluate the effects of different process parameters of FFF printing on mechanical and tribological properties of PEEK polymers. The properties of interest include surface mechanical properties measured through indentation and roughness tests as well as bulk mechanical properties defined by tensile tests. We used the Taguchi method along with the analysis of variances (ANOVA) to determine the process parameters with the most significant effect on the outcomes. The process parameters of interest are nozzle temperature, platform temperature, infill percentage, layer height, and print speed. Nozzle temperature and layer height were the process parameters that significantly influenced the resultant roughness as well as the elastic modulus measured via indentation test (Nozzle temperature: p = 0.001, contribution = 36.1 % &p = 0.008, contribution = 41.9 %; layer height: p < 0.001, contribution = 41 % &p = 0.026, contribution = 29.7 % for roughness & elastic modulus measured by micro-indentation, respectively). There were no process parameters significantly affecting hardness and creep. For the bulk mechanical properties measured by tensile test, such as elastic modulus, yield strength, ultimate strength and modulus of resilience, infill percentage (p < 0.001 for all the measured properties), platform temperature (elastic modulus: p < 0.001, contribution = 8.9 %; ultimate strength: p = 0.024, contribution = 5.5 %), nozzle temperature (elastic modulus: p = 0.013, contribution = 3.5 %; ultimate strength: p = 0.041, contribution = 3.9 %; modulus of resilience: p = 0.034, contribution = 18.2 %) and layer height (elastic modulus: p = 0.005, contribution = 5.9 %; ultimate strength: p = 0.026, contribution = 4 %) were among the factors that show the most significant effect. Our results suggested that through an accurate control of FFF process parameters, this simple yet affordable three-dimensional (3D) printing technology can be utilized to fabricate PEEK polymers with desired mechanical and tribological performance.

A micromechanically motivated multiscale approach for residual distortion in laser powder bed fusion processes

For the broader industrial usage of metal additive manufactured parts, especially made by laser powder bed fusion, a better prediction and understanding of the warpage and of eigenstresses within the final part are necessary. Due to the diverse and sophisticated metallurgical and thermal processes during production, physically motivated simulations are rather complex and time consuming. Therefore, various simplifications concerning the process and material models are frequently made, which leads to practicable simulation times at the expense of physical accuracy. This motivates the procedure in this contribution: A multiscale approach combining various modelling levels, in particular regarding the heat source and material model. The model is based on three finite element simulations on different levels and with different specific aims, i.e. the laser scan model, the layer hatch model and the part model. For the smallest scale considered, a sophisticated thermomechanically fully coupled model based on a phase transformation model explicitly considering the powder, molten, and re-solidified material is incorporated. The goal of this detailed simulation is to extract an effective heat source for the next level of simulation, i.e. the layer hatch model. The layer hatch model is used to extract the inherent strains for the part model. With these strains, the remaining deformation and eigenstresses of arbitrary large parts with the same material and laser parameters can be efficiently and directly computed. The capabilities of the present framework are investigated by simulations on the behaviour of a twin cantilever beam, where the effect of different process parameters on the overall material and structural response is carried out.

Multi-objective optimization of injection molding process parameters based on BO-RFR and NSGAⅡ methods

Abstract Injection molding of thin-walled plastic parts with minimum deformation in warpage and volume shrinkage is crucial for part quality. Simulation combined Latin hypercube sampling approach was used to research the effects of different process parameters on deformation. Then, random forest regression (RFR) is used to construct the mathematical relationship between process parameters and defects, such as warpage and volume shrinkage. The gaussian process is used as probabilistic surrogate model, while the probability of improvement is used as acquisition function to construct a Bayesian optimization for RFR’s hyperparameters, and the performance of random search is compared. In addition, the gradient boosting regression (GBR) and support vector regression (SVR) were also adopted to establish the prediction models, respectively. Comparing all the above prediction models, it can be found that the Bayesian optimized random forest regression (BO-RFR) has the highest accuracy. The Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II (NSGA-II) is interfaced with the predictive models to find the optimum design parameters for the purpose of effectively predicting and controlling warpage and volume shrinkage. The results show that warpage is reduced by 66.03% while volume shrinkage is 46.20% after optimizing. The final finite element simulation and physical tests indicate that this proposed method can effectively achieve the multi-objective optimization of injection molding.

Comparative Analysis of Stationary and Rotary Electrode on Dry EDM in Machining of Hastelloy C276

Dry EDM is a variation of the standard EDM method in which the liquid dielectric is replaced with a gaseous medium during the machining process. This paper presents comparative analysis of stationary and rotary electrode on Dry EDM in machining of Hastelloy C276 using copper EC grade rod as electrode and air as dielectric medium. Solid cylindrical (stationary and rotary) tool electrodes are used, and high-velocity gas is fed between the electrode and the workpiece through it into the discharge gap. The high-velocity gas flow into the gap assists debris clearance and reduces tool and workpiece overheating at the discharge areas. The dry EDM technique is currently known to have reduced tool wear, a smaller discharge gap, fewer residual stresses, a smaller white layer, and a smaller heat-affected zone, in addition to being ecologically friendly. To improve response factors such as material removal rate (MRR), surface roughness (Ra), and tool wear rate (TWR), Taguchi's L9 orthogonal array approach is utilised to design the trials and study the effects of different process parameters. Discharge current (I), pulse on time (Ton), Voltage (V), pressure (P), and tool rotational speed (N) were the varied input parameters. It is observed that the rotary electrode gives better MRR compared to stationary. The analysis of results show that current (I), pulse on time (Ton) and pulse off time (Toff) are the dominant factors that influence MRR and EWR.

Spirally wound tubular heat exchanger optimisation using Genetic Algorithm

• Spirally coiled (Giauque-Hampson) type heat exchanger optimization. • Thermal analysis of optimum tube geometry predicted by Genetic Algorithm. • Design aimed at minimum exchanger weight under pressure drop constraints. • Design aimed at minimum exchanger height under pressure drop constraints. • Effect of different process parameters on the optimum heat exchanger design. A Genetic Algorithm based optimization of spirally wound two-fluid stream exchanger is presented. The proposed method elaborates a design methodology consistent with the user-defined specifications while simultaneously fulfilling a design objective linking optimization of either weight, height or thermo-hydraulic performances, etc., depending on the customer requirement. Optimization variables include tube material, tube size, normalized transverse and longitudinal pitches, number of tubes in the innermost layer, increment in the number of tubes with each successive layer, and the total number of tube layers. The effectiveness-NTU approach is adopted for design calculations, including fluid property variations with temperature. This paper explores the effect of optimization criteria like minimum weight or height and variation in pressure drop constraints on the optimized design. A compromise in exchanger effectiveness can substantially reduce its weight. Among the exchangers of the same effectiveness, the one handling 10 times larger flow could be 35 times heavier (subjected to other constraints). Exchanger designed with the minimum height criterion is nearly two times shorter than the one created on a minimum weight basis, while the shorter unit could be two times heavier. The optimum design is a trade-off between achievable minimum mass and maximum allowable pressure drop.

Additive manufacturing of nano-oxide decorated AlSi10Mg composites: A comparative study on Gd2O3 and Er2O3 additions

AlSi10Mg-based nanocomposites were fabricated by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) additive manufacturing with the addition of 1 wt% Gd 2 O 3 and Er 2 O 3 nanoparticles. The effect of different process parameters and supplementary remelting on the densification of the samples was evaluated. Results showed that remelting the printed layers could improve the densification. According to the microstructural observations, stacking the nanoparticles on uneven surfaces of irregular AlSi10Mg particles beside van der Waals's attractive force between the adjacent particles eventually forms coarsened clusters in printed samples. The XRD patterns disclosed the partial reaction between the nano-oxides and the aluminum matrix and the formation of some interfacial intermetallic layers, which were also validated by SEM characterization. The measurement of grain size and microhardness implied that the addition of Er 2 O 3 played a more effective role in grain refinement and enhanced the hardness more uniformly compared to Gd 2 O 3 . Overall, the acquired average hardness for both nano-oxide reinforced specimens was greater than the reported values for LPBF-fabricated AlSi10Mg-matrix composites in the past. EBSD analyses revealed that due to the pinning effect of the nanoparticles, particle-rich zones demonstrated higher KAM and grain orientation spread (GOS) values which were attributed to the formation of more GNDs at the matrix/particles interfaces. • The effect of laser remelting on the compactness of the samples was evaluated. • The distribution of the nanoparticles in Al matrix was characterized by the SEM. • Refinement impact of nano-oxide powders on microstructure studied by the EBSD. • Correlation of the microstructural changes with hardness distribution surveyed.

Experimentation and Optimization of Milling Machine Parameters Using Taguchi Method

In this research work, the problem is to reduce the surface roughness of the Jacquard body which is a casting part to optimize the effects of different process parameters of surface roughness & to reduce surface roughness for milling operation by using the Taguchi method. Milling is better than other machines in the surface finish and accuracy. Greater quality product and higher productivity is the main vision of every entrepreneur. To achieve this, the process parameters of each process need to be optimized. In a milling machine, some of the important parameters like feed rate, depth of cut, speed, etc, play an important role in achieving the required quality product. To optimize these parameters, the most suitable and widely used method is the Taguchi method. The most significant objective of this research is to obtain effective quality parameters. Experimentation is done on the Jacquard body by varying the milling machine parameters. The experimental results indicate that the minimum surface roughness is obtained for the process parameters feed 0.7 mm per revolution, speed 225 rpm and 1.5 mm depth of cut. This study recommended that more surface finish be obtained by increasing speed, low feed rate, and depth of cut.