Effect Of Coagulation Research Articles

Dust Enrichment and Grain Growth in a Smooth Disk around the DG Tau Protostar Revealed by ALMA Triple Bands Frequency Observations

Characterizing the physical properties of dust grains in a protoplanetary disk is critical to comprehending the planet formation process. Our study presents Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) high-resolution observations of the young protoplanetary disk around DG Tau at a 1.3 mm dust continuum. The observations, with a spatial resolution of ≈0.″04, or ≈5 au, revealed a geometrically thin and smooth disk without substantial substructures, suggesting that the disk retains the initial conditions of the planet formation. To further analyze the distributions of dust surface density, temperature, and grain size, we conducted a multiband analysis with several dust models, incorporating ALMA archival data of the 0.87 and 3.1 mm dust polarization. The results showed that the Toomre Q parameter is ≲2 at a 20 au radius, assuming a dust-to-gas mass ratio of 0.01. This implies that a higher dust-to-gas mass ratio is necessary to stabilize the disk. The grain sizes depend on the dust models, and for the DSHARP compact dust, they were found to be smaller than ∼400 μm in the inner region (r ≲ 20 au) while exceeding larger than 3 mm in the outer part. Radiative transfer calculations show that the dust scale height is lower than at least one-third of the gas scale height. These distributions of dust enrichment, grain sizes, and weak turbulence strength may have significant implications for the formation of planetesimals through mechanisms such as streaming instability. We also discuss the CO snowline effect and collisional fragmentation in dust coagulation for the origin of the dust size distribution.

Effect of Laparoscopic Suturing versus Bipolar Coagulation on Ovarian Reserve in Patients Undergoing Endometriotic Ovarian Cystectomy. A Randomized Controlled Trial

Background Women enter menarche with approximately 500000 primordial follicles, which slowly drop in number throughout their reproductive lifetimes. Aim of the Work to determine which hemostatic procedure (hemostatic suture or electrocautery) may be less harmful after laparoscopic cystectomy, based on the status of the ovarian reserve. Patients and Methods The study was conducted at Ain Shams University Maternity Hospital, Obstetric and Gynecology Department, Faculty of medicine. The study population comprised females in childbearing period undergone laparoscopic endometriotic ovarian cystectomy at Ain Shams University Maternity Hospital, Obstetric and Gynecology Department, Faculty of medicine. Results There was no statistically significant difference found between the two studied groups regarding AMH, AFC and FSH preoperative with p-value = 0.188, 0.533 and 0.812 respectively. While there was statistically significant increase in AMH and AFC in suturing group than cautery group postoperative with p-value < 0.001 and 0.005 respectively and also statistically significant decrease in FSH in suturing group than cautery group postoperative with p-value 0.004. Results of this study showed that there was statistically significant increase in the percentage of change of FSH in cautery group (61.59 ± 39.29) than suturing group (23.46 ± 17.87) with p-value < 0.001 while there was statistically significant lower rate of change in AFC and AMH in suturing group than cautery group with p-value = 0.001 and < 0.001 respectively. Conclusion laparoscopic cystectomy reduces the ovarian reserve, which is more affected by hemostatic electrocoagulation than hemostatic sutures.

Effects of coagulants on peptide profiles and ACE-inhibitory activity in ultrafiltered white (Beyaz) cheese

The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of two different enzymes, one derived from microbial sources and the other from animal sources, on the peptide profile with low molecular weight (<3 kDa) and ACE-inhibitory activity of White (Beyaz) cheese produced from ultrafiltered (UF) milk. The control group's cheeses were produced using pasteurized milk. Throughout the 90-day ripening period, the coagulating enzyme demonstrated no significant effects on the dry matter and protein values (p > 0.05). The protein content of < 3 kDa peptide extracts changed ripening, with no statistically significant effects attributed to the enzyme variation (p > 0.05). ACE inhibition increased in all cheeses by the end of the ripening process (p < 0.05). The ACE-inhibitory activity of < 3 kDa peptide extracts obtained from the UF White cheese produced using the microbial enzyme exhibited an increase corresponding to the observed increase in the total area of RP-HPLC peaks. The LC-MS/MS analysis revealed that the animal-sourced control group yielded the highest number of β-casein and αS1-casein peptides. Many < 3 kDa peptides described in the present possessed proline and positively charged amino acids at their C-terminal, contributing to ACE inhibition.

Low-density granulocytes display immature cells with enhanced NET formation in people living with HIV

While the protective role of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in limiting human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) spread to susceptible cells has been documented, there is comparatively little insight into whether NET formation is harmful in people living with HIV (PLWH). To gain insight into neutrophil dysregulation and the pathological role of NETs in HIV, we examined expressions of NET-associated markers [cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and citrullinated histone H3 (CitH3)] in the plasmas from a cohort of the Hawaii Aging with HIV-cardiovascular and HIV-seronegative (HIV−) individuals. In a subset of participants, circulating low-density granulocyte (LDG) levels and their maturation and activation status were analyzed via flow cytometry. We demonstrated higher plasma levels of CitH3 in PLWH compared to HIV- individuals. LDGs from PLWH had heightened CD66b, but reduced CD16 expression. The percentages and counts of CD10+ LDGs were significantly decreased in PLWH. In addition, the CD16Lo LDG subsets were enriched in PLWH, compared to HIV− group, indicating that immature LDGs are increased in PLWH. Moreover, LDGs from PLWH exhibited significantly higher NET forming capacity. In summary, our study presents evidence that LDGs from PLWH on ART display an immature and altered phenotype with increased NET formation. Among PLWH, plasma NET levels as well as LDG parameters correlated with blood markers for inflammation and coagulation, suggesting that neutrophil activation and NETs may exert proinflammatory and coagulation effects. Our data provide insights into the pathologic role of LDGs at least in part mediated through NET formation in PLWH.

Algae removal characteristics of the ultrasonic radiation enhanced drinking water treatment process

Algal blooms have become a critical environmental problem and affect the water quality of drinking water treatment plants. This study investigated the effects of different ultrasonic methods on Microcystis aeruginosa and enhanced drinking water treatment processes. Results showed that the removal rate of algae cells increased with the extension of time and the removal effect of static ultrasound was better than that of dynamic ultrasound. However, the release of algae organics and algae toxins was less in dynamic ultrasound radiation. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) analyses showed that ultrasonic radiation destroyed parts of the cell structure but not the integrity of the algae cells' membrane and wall. The coagulation experiment found that short-time ultrasonic radiation can promote the coagulation effect and improve the removal efficiency of algae cells and organics. The 740 kHz ultrasonic enhanced water purification process significantly improves the removal efficiency of algae cells in the sedimentation tank, reduces the treatment pressure of the filter, and releases less algae cell substances, reducing the risk of disinfection by-products generation. This study provides a reference for the application of ultrasound in water purification technology and is of great significance in ensuring water quality safety.

Kaempferol from Moringa oleifera demonstrated potent antivenom activities via inhibition of metalloproteinase and attenuation of Bitis arietans venom–induced toxicities

Bitis arietans venom (BAV) can induce severe pathophysiological disorders after envenoming. However, studies have shown that the Moringa oleifera fraction is effective against BAV toxicities and contains bioactive compounds with significant antivenom potency. This research aimed to identify the main active antivenom compound in the M. oleifera fraction responsible for neutralizing the toxicities induced by BAV. The compounds identified from M. oleifera fraction were docked in silico against the catalytic site of the Snake Venom Metalloproteinase (SVMP) to determine the lead inhibitor compound. The antivenom potency of the lead inhibitor compound was tested against BAV toxicities and metalloproteinase isolated from BAV using in vitro and in vivo methods, while EchiTab-Plus polyvalent antivenom served as a standard drug. The in silico prediction revealed kaempferol as the lead inhibitor compound with a docking score of −7.0 kcal/mol. Kaempferol effectively inhibited metalloproteinase activity at 0.2 mg/ml, compared to antivenom (0.4 mg/ml) and demonstrated significant antihaemorrhagic, antihaemolytic and coagulant effects against BAV activities. Furthermore, kaempferol showed a significant dose-dependent effect on altered haematological indices observed in rats challenged with LD50 of BAV. Envenomed rats also showed an increase in oxidative stress biomarkers and antioxidant enzyme activity in the heart and kidney. However, treatment with kaempferol significantly (P < 0.05) decreased malondialdehyde levels and SOD activity with concomitant enhancement of glutathione levels. Severe histopathological defects noticed in the organ tissues of envenomed rats were ameliorated after kaempferol treatment. Kaempferol is identified as the main active antivenom compound in M. oleifera, and this research highlights the potential of the compound as an effective alternative to snakebite treatment.

Hydrophobic aerogel-modified hemostatic gauze with thermal management performance.

Current hemostatic agents or dressings are not efficient under extremely hot and cold environments due to deterioration of active ingredients, water evaporation and ice crystal growth. To address these challenges, we engineered a biocompatible hemostatic system with thermoregulatory properties for harsh conditions by combining the asymmetric wetting nano-silica aerogel coated-gauze (AWNSA@G) with a layer-by-layer (LBL) structure. Our AWNSA@G was a dressing with a tunable wettability prepared by spraying the hydrophobic nano-silica aerogel onto the gauze from different distances. The hemostatic time and blood loss of the AWNSA@G were 5.1 and 6.9 times lower than normal gauze in rat's injured femoral artery model. Moreover, the modified gauze was torn off after hemostasis without rebleeding, approximately 23.8 times of peak peeling force lower than normal gauze. For the LBL structure, consisting of the nano-silica aerogel layer and a n-octadecane phase change material layer, in both hot (70°C) and cold (-27°C) environments, exhibited dual-functional thermal management and maintained a stable internal temperature. We further verified our composite presented superior blood coagulation effect in extreme environments due to the LBL structure, the pro-coagulant properties of nano-silica aerogel and unidirectional fluid pumping of AWNSA@G. Our work, therefore, shows great hemostasis potential under normal and extreme temperature environments.

Combination of advanced coagulation Fe(VI) and UF membrane to effectively remove organic compounds and mitigate biofouling during harmful algal blooms

The effect of different coagulants on the performance of UF membranes to treat seawater containing algal blooms was investigated. The results highlight that using advanced coagulant ferrate (Fe(VI)) in the process prior to the UF process enhanced the membrane permeability and substantially reduced biofouling. Removal of UF process was enhanced with the use of ferrate and removal efficiency of 99 %, 71 %, 98 %, 99 %, and 100 % for turbidity, TOC, ATP, bacteria, and TEP, respectively was achieved. In addition, the treated feed with ferrate led to a thinner fouling layer on the UF membrane surface compared to the layer that was formed with the use of ferric chloride which was thicker and denser. High water flux with a value of 831.0 ± 27 L.m−2.h−1.bar−1 was obtained when algal-laden seawater was treated with the advanced coagulant before the UF process, compared to the value of 602 ± 11 L.m−2.h−1.bar−1when a traditional coagulant was used. Indeed, use of the advanced coagulant ferrate in a hybrid coagulation/UF process could be a promising system to substantially enhance seawater quality, decrease operational cost, and increase the membrane life-expectancy.

Coagulation effect of polyaluminum-titanium chloride coagulant and the effect of floc aging in fluoride removal: A mechanism analysis

Excessive discharge of fluoride can lead to environmental pollution and human hazards. Coagulation is a widely used process for the removal of fluoride. Existing research on the interaction between coagulants and fluoride has primarily concentrated on the removal of fluoride and the selection of coagulants, while studies on floc aging are lacking. Understanding the aging process of flocs can provide valuable insights into the mechanisms of interaction between coagulants and fluoride and further provide guidance for coagulation as well as sludge return processes. This study compares the fluoride removal efficiencies of two coagulants: polyaluminum-titanium chloride (PATC) and polyaluminum chloride (PACl), and examines the change patterns of fluoride ion during aging (0–120 h). Additionally, the study characterizes the impact of Ti or Al-Ti on the aging process using FTIR, XPS, XRD, and ESI-TOF-MS analyses. The results of the study demonstrate that the fluoride removal efficiency of PATC is 20.2% higher than that of PACl at a dosage of 0.8 mmol/L. The introduction of titanium provides additional binding sites for F−, resulting in a more intricate floc structure. Moreover, titanium promotes the hydrolytic polymerization of aluminum, increasing its positive charge and making it more attractive to F−. Upon the complete precipitation of the flocs, F− in the supernatant of PATC (0–6 h) and PACl (6–72 h) competes with -OH for binding sites, while F− attacks the Al-O or Al-O-Ti bond, leading to the disruption of the polymer. As time progresses, PATC flocs (6–120 h) are less affected by aging than PACl flocs (72–120 h). Throughout the aging process, PATC releases less F− at a slower rate, presumably because the introduction of titanium inhibited the dehydration and crystallization of the flocs to delay the release of F−.

Polydopamine-Coated Polycaprolactone Electrospun Nanofiber Membrane Loaded with Thrombin for Wound Hemostasis.

Hemorrhagic shock is the primary cause of death in patients with severe trauma, and the development of rapid and efficient hemostatic methods is of great significance in saving the lives of trauma patients. In this study, a polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofiber membrane was prepared by electrospinning. A PCL-PDA loading system was developed by modifying the surface of polydopamine (PDA), using inspiration from mussel adhesion protein, and the efficient and stable loading of thrombin (TB) was realized to ensure the bioactivity of TB. The new thrombin loading system overcomes the disadvantages of harsh storage conditions, poor strength, and ease of falling off, and it can use thrombin to start a rapid coagulation cascade reaction, which has the characteristics of fast hemostasis, good biocompatibility, high safety, and a wide range of hemostasis. The physicochemical properties and biocompatibility of the PCL-PDA-TB membrane were verified by scanning electron microscopy, the cell proliferation test, the cell adhesion test, and the extract cytotoxicity test. Red blood cell adhesion, platelet adhesion, dynamic coagulation time, and animal models all verified the coagulation effect of the PCL-PDA-TB membrane. Therefore, the PCL-PDA-TB membrane has great potential in wound hemostasis applications, and should be widely used in various traumatic hemostatic scenarios.

Multifunctional Sodium Hyaluronate/Chitosan Foam Used as an Absorbable Hemostatic Material.

Absorbable hemostatic materials have great potential in clinical hemostasis. However, their single coagulation mechanism, long degradation cycles, and limited functionality mean that they have restricted applications. Here, we prepared a sodium hyaluronate/carboxymethyl chitosan absorbable hemostatic foam (SHCF) by combining high-molecular-weight polysaccharide sodium hyaluronate with carboxymethyl chitosan via hydrogen bonding. SHCFs have rapid liquid absorption performance and can enrich blood cells. They transform into a gel when it they come into contact with blood, and are more easily degraded in this state. Meanwhile, SHCFs have multiple coagulation effects and promote hemostasis. In a rabbit liver bleeding model, SHCFs reduced the hemostatic time by 85% and blood loss by 80%. In three severe and complex bleeding models of porcine liver injury, uterine wall injury, and bone injury, bleeding was well-controlled and anti-tissue adhesion effects were observed. In addition, degradation metabolism studies show that SHCFs are 93% degraded within one day and almost completely metabolized within three weeks. The absorbable hemostatic foam developed in this study is multifunctional; with rapid hemostasis, anti-adhesion, and rapid degradation properties, it has great clinical potential for in vivo hemostasis.

Polysaccharide-based (kappa carrageenan/carboxymethyl chitosan) nanofibrous membrane loaded with antifibrinolytic drug for rapid hemostasis- in vitro and in vivo evaluation

This work aimed to establish a novel membrane consisting of hemostatic polysaccharides, kappa-carrageenan (KC), and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) in tandem with polyvinyl alcohol that spun together as a matrix and loaded with tranexamic acid (TXA) as antifibrinolytic agent for further coagulation effect during and after oral surgeries. The electrospinning of KC was done for the first time and in comparison of CMC has better hemostatic efficacy. The effect of the hemostat was investigated by its surface morphology (SEM), FTIR/ATR analysis, swelling behavior in both PBS and blood, hydrophilicity, porosity, mechanical properties, and cumulative release rate. The effect of materials and the drug concentration ratio were considered. The effect of acetic acid percent in aqueous solutions of CMC/PVA and KC/PVA on morphology was investigated. The cell culture assay showed that all membranes interacted well (98 %) with fibroblast cells attached and grown on the fabricated substrate. Furthermore, the membranes are evaluated by clotting time, whole blood clotting, hemocompatibility, and platelet and RBC adhesion tests. Also, the hemostatic performance of the membrane was analyzed in vivo, using the tail and liver bleeding model in rats.Therefore, TXA loading into CMC and KC dressing could be an attractive hemostatic system for various clinical applications.

Reprogramming the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment: exploiting angiogenesis and thrombosis to enhance immunotherapy.

This review focuses on the immunosuppressive effects of tumor angiogenesis and coagulation on the tumor microenvironment (TME). We summarize previous research efforts leveraging these observations and targeting these processes to enhance immunotherapy outcomes. Clinical trials have documented improved outcomes when combining anti-angiogenic agents and immunotherapy. However, their overall survival benefit over conventional therapy remains limited and certain tumors exhibit poor response to anti-angiogenic therapy. Additionally, whilst preclinical studies have shown several components of the tumor coagulome to curb effective anti-tumor immune responses, the clinical studies reporting combinations of anticoagulants with immunotherapies have demonstrated variable treatment outcomes. By reviewing the current state of the literature on this topic, we address the key questions and future directions in the field, the answers of which are crucial for developing effective strategies to reprogram the TME in order to further the field of cancer immunotherapy.

A Study on Recyclability of AlSi7Mg0.3 Machining Waste

Aluminium products are widely used in the automotive industry. One of the important aluminium products in the automotive is wheel production. Turkish wheel production is expected to reach 360000 tons in 2025. The wheels are produced by Low-Pressure Die Casting at the first stage and the machining process in CNC machines is used to create the final form. A significant amount of machining waste (swarf, turnings, and chips) is created during the machining and the importance of secondary aluminium has been increasing due to environmental and economic concerns. This study focuses on the recycling of AlSi7Mg0.3 cast alloy machining waste. The turnings were sorted into two size fractions and remelted separately under a salt flux in a resistance heating furnace. Two different salt mixtures with different melting points and different salt factors were studied in this work. Metal yield and coagulation yield after remelting were discussed.

Effect of presowing treatments and growth regulators on the propagation of Strychnos potatorum L.F. – cleaning nut tree.

Strychnos potatorum L.F. (family Loganiaceae) is a medium-sized tree, which have high demand in traditional medicine to cure the variety of diseases such as jaundice, bronchitis, diabetes, and their coagulant effect is frequently utilized to clean dirty water. Seed exhibits physiological and morphological dormancy. In order to break their seed dormancy, various pre-sowing treatments were performed. The seeds were subjected to nine treatments which includes GA3 (100 ppm, 500 ppm, 1000 ppm, 1200 ppm, 1500 ppm), H2SO4 (5, 10 min) and cold stratification in three replications. Various parameters like germination and survival percentage, germination energy, germination period, root length, shoot length, number of leaves, collar diameter, dry weight of shoot and root, shoot: root for seedlings were studied. Highest germination percentage, germination energy, germination period, shoot length, root length, number of leaves, collar diameter were observed in the seeds of Strychnos potatorum when the seeds are treated with GA3 of 1000 ppm for 24 h while dry weight of shoot and root and shoot: root ratio was maximum with GA3 of 1200 ppm for 24 hrs treatment.

The Usage of Banana Peels and Soybean Hull for the Treatment of Lake Water: Turbidity and Total Suspended Solids

Lake water getcontaminate due to the growth of population and modernization which causing problems like sewage disposal has a high-volume and low-strength wastewater that can be reused for many purposes after being treated. It is crucial for wastewater to go through wastewater treatment to improves the quality of water where one of the processes involved is coagulation yet using conventional coagulant leaves excess heavy metal in the water causes in the absence of green chemistry. Chemical coagulants may have an adverse effect on the consumer and the environment such as aluminum build up in the environment, as well as have a harmful influence on the human body, resulting in Alzheimer's disease. The use of natural coagulants can be a secure replacement for chemical coagulants. Therefore, this study was conducted to reduce the usage of chemicals in the coagulation process by using natural coagulant of banana peels and soybean hulls. The main aim of this study is to investigate the effect of natural coagulant for wastewater treatment of lake water. Banana peels and soybean hulls were the main materials in making a plant-based coagulant by drying, grinding, and sieving. Jar test was carried out to investigate the effectiveness of natural coagulant by determining their turbidity and total suspended solids.It was found that banana peels perform effectively at a dosage of 400mg/L with turbidity removal achieved is almost 50%. On the other hand, soybean hulls work effectively at a dosage of 600mg/L with turbidity removal achieved is 54%. Based on the result, it is shown that using banana peels as a natural coagulant has effectively reduced the turbidity and total suspended solids of lake water with the optimum number of dosages of 600mg/L.

Biomimetic and Multifunctional Hemostatic Hydrogel with Rapid Thermoresponsive Gelation and Robust Wet Adhesion for Emergency Hemostasis: A Rational Design Based on Photo-Cross-Linking Coordinated Hydrophilic-Hydrophobic Balance Strategies.

Uncontrolled bleeding in emergency situations is a great threat to both military and civilian lives, and an ideal hemostat for effectively controlling prehospital hemorrhage is urgently needed but still lacking. Although hemostatic hydrogels are promising for emergency hemostasis, they are currently challenged by either the mutual exclusion between a short gelation time and strong adhesive network or the insufficient functionality of ingredients and complicated operations for in situ curing. Herein, an extracellular matrix biopolymer-based and multifunctional hemostatic hydrogel that simultaneously integrates rapid thermoresponsive gelation, robust wet adhesion, and ease of use in emergencies is rationally engineered. This hydrogel can be conveniently used via simple injection and achieves instant sol-gel phase transition at body temperature. Its comprehensive performance could be facilely regulated by tuning the proportions of components, and the optimal performance (gelation time 6-8 s, adhesion strength 125 ± 3.6 kPa, burst pressure 282 ± 4.1 mmHg) is established due to the coordinated enhancement of the photo-cross-linking pretreatment and the hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance among various interactions in the hydrogel system. Additionally, it exhibits significant coagulation effect in vitro and enables effective hemostasis and wound healing in vivo. This work provides a promising platform for versatile applications of hydrogel-based materials, including emergency hemostasis.

A State-of-The-Art Technical Review on Chemically Enhanced Primary Treatment Plant

This review paper aims to provide a comprehensive assessment of chemically enhanced primary treatment (CEPT) processes in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The outdated and ineffective performance of existing treatment plants has raised concerns regarding public health and environmental safety. CEPT has emerged as a promising alternative approach to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of primary treatment. By adding chemical coagulants or precipitants to the wastewater, CEPT facilitates the aggregation and settling of suspended solids and contaminants, leading to improved treatment outcomes. This review evaluates the performance and effectiveness of different chemical coagulants, including ferric chloride (FeCl3), polyaluminum chloride (PACl), and alum, in terms of their ability to remove various pollutants such as suspended solids, turbidity, organic matter, nutrients, and emerging contaminants.&#x0D; The findings from the reviewed studies indicate that different coagulants exhibit varying efficiencies in removing specific parameters such as turbidity, total suspended solids (TSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and phosphorous. Alum, ferric chloride, and ferric sulfate showed effectiveness in tannery wastewater treatment, while PACl maximized the removal of macro pollutants. The use of organic carbon sources and sludge recycling demonstrated cost reductions and improved nutrient removal. CEPT was found to be effective in TSS and BOD removal, potentially allowing for compact treatment facilities and enhancing the capacity of biological treatment units. The utilization of recovered alum from water treatment sludge (WTS) in CEPT showed comparable efficiencies to fresh alum. The paper also identifies research gaps and future directions in the field of chemically enhanced primary treatment, while discussing the challenges and limitations associated with CEPT processes. While the reviewed studies provide valuable insights into the performance of different coagulants and coagulant aids, further research is necessary to assess their long-term effects and cost-effectiveness in large-scale applications. The optimal choice of coagulant depends on specific wastewater characteristics and treatment goals. Understanding and optimizing CEPT processes will contribute to the development of innovative solutions for challenges in wastewater treatment systems caused by urbanization, population growth, and emerging contaminants in the major city like Kathmandu.

Minimally invasive treatment of pilonidal sinus disease (a systematic review and meta-analysis)

AIM: to estimate the effectiveness of minimally invasive methods for treatment of chronic inflammation in pilonidal sinus disease by systematic review.PATIENTS AND METHODS: fifty-two clinical trials were selected from 2,576 papers in databases for systematic review. It included the following methods: the fibrin glue, the sinusectomy, the video-assisted pilonidal sinus treatment, the laser coagulation and the chemical destruction using crystallized phenol or its solution. Regarding the last two methods, a meta-analysis was carried out.RESULTS: the meta-analysis demonstrated the high effectiveness of phenol and laser coagulation for pilonidal sinus disease. When comparing the results of phenol use and excisional techniques, there was a significant difference in higher frequency complications rate after excisional techniques (HR 0.42; 95% CI: 0.05–3.71), while the recurrence rate was the same (HR 0.98; 95% CI: 0.45–2.16). The probability of recurrence was significantly higher than after excision techniques in compare with SiLaC (HR 4.02; 95% CI: 1.13 14.3, p = 0.03). However, there was no significant differences in complication rate after SiLaC and excisional techniques (HR 0.63; 95% CI: 0.29–1.34).CONCLUSION: the chemical destruction and laser coagulation are the most effective methods for pilonidal sinus treatment.

Thrombin-activated interleukin-1α drives atherogenesis, but also promotes vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and collagen production.

Atherosclerosis is driven by multiple processes across multiple body systems. For example, the innate immune system drives both atherogenesis and plaque rupture via inflammation, while coronary artery-occluding thrombi formed by the coagulation system cause myocardial infarction and death. However, the interplay between these systems during atherogenesis is understudied. We recently showed that coagulation and immunity are fundamentally linked by the activation of interleukin-1α (IL-1α) by thrombin, and generated a novel knock-in mouse in which thrombin cannot activate endogenous IL-1α [IL-1α thrombin mutant (IL-1αTM)]. Here, we show significantly reduced atherosclerotic plaque formation in IL-1αTM/Apoe-/- mice compared with Apoe-/- and reduced T-cell infiltration. However, IL-1αTM/Apoe-/- plaques have reduced vascular smooth muscle cells, collagen, and fibrous caps, indicative of a more unstable phenotype. Interestingly, the reduced atherogenesis seen with thrombin inhibition was absent in IL-1αTM/Apoe-/- mice, suggesting that thrombin inhibitors can affect atherosclerosis via reduced IL-1α activation. Finally, bone marrow chimeras show that thrombin-activated IL-1α is derived from both vessel wall and myeloid cells. Together, we reveal that the atherogenic effect of ongoing coagulation is, in part, mediated via thrombin cleavage of IL-1α. This not only highlights the importance of interplay between systems during disease and the potential for therapeutically targeting IL-1α and/or thrombin, but also forewarns that IL-1 may have a role in plaque stabilization.