Effect Of Chain Length Research Articles

Bio-based aliphatic polyesters of 1,4-butanediol with different diacids: Effect of carbon chain lengths on mechanical properties and enzymatic hydrolysis

Bio-based aliphatic polyesters of 1,4-butanediol with different diacids: Effect of carbon chain lengths on mechanical properties and enzymatic hydrolysis

Effect of spacer length between N atoms of linear alkyl triamines on adsorption of anionic platinum(IV) ions

In this study, the effect of carbon chain length between N atoms in linear alkyl triamines on the adsorption of anionic platinum ions was studied. For this purpose, bis(3-aminopropyl)amine (BAPA-SG) and diethylenetriamine (DETA-SG) groups were covalently bonded to the silica gel surface. The modified silica gels were characterized through C, H, N elemental analyses and FTIR spectroscopy before being utilized for adsorption and preconcentration Pt(IV) ions from aqueous solutions. Various factors influencing the batch adsorption of Pt(IV) ions with BAPA-SG and DETA-SG, such as nitric acid, chloride, initial Pt(IV) concentration, and contact time, were investigated. The adsorption of Pt(IV) ions was most efficient in the solutions containing 0.1 M hydronium and 0.1 M chloride ions. The adsorbed amount of Pt(IV) increased with an increase in the initial concentration of Pt(IV). The adsorption of Pt(IV) ions with BAPA-SG and DETA-SG reached equilibrium in 2 and 4 h, respectively. The kinetics of Pt(IV) adsorption on both modified silica gels were found to be compatible with the Pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Langmuir isotherm accurately described the adsorption Pt(IV) ions with BAPA-SG and DETA-SG, with maximum monolayer adsorption capacities of 158.7 and 227.3 mg/g, respectively. In the column solid phase extraction studies, Pt(IV) ions could be quantitatively recovered from 500 mL sample solutions using both modified silica gels by eluting with acidic thiourea solutions. The recovery of Pt(IV) by DETA-SG from chloride-containing solutions was more effective than with BAPA-SG. As a result, it was concluded that diethylenetriamine-bonded silica gel could adsorb Pt(IV) ions more effectively than bis(3-aminopropyl)amine bonded silica gel.

A multi-scale framework for predicting α-cyclodextrin assembly on polyethylene glycol axles.

Controlling the distribution of rings on polymer axles, such as α-cyclodextrin (αCD) on polyethylene glycol (PEG), is paramount in imparting robust mechanical properties to slide-ring gels and polyrotaxane-based networks. Previous experiments demonstrated that the functionalization of polymer ends could modulate the coverage of αCDs on PEG. To explore the design rule, we propose a multi-scale framework for predicting αCD assembly on bare and functionalized PEG. Our approach combines all-atom molecular dynamics with two-dimensional (2D) umbrella sampling to compute the free energy landscapes of threading αCDs onto PEG with ends functionalized by various moieties. Together with the predicted free energy landscapes and a lattice treatment for αCD and polymer diffusion in dilute solutions, we construct a kinetic Monte Carlo (kMC) model to predict the number and intra-chain distribution of αCDs along the polymer axle. Our model predicts the effects of chain length, concentration, and threading barrier on the supramolecular structure of end-functionalized polypseudorotaxane. With simple modifications, our approach can be extended to explore the design rule of polyrotaxane-based materials with advanced network architectures.

Effect of Hydrophobic Chain Length in Amphiphilic Chitosan Conjugates on Intracellular Drug Delivery and Smart Drug Release of Redox-Responsive Micelle.

Three redox-sensitive nanocarriers were rationally designed based on amphiphilic low molecular weight chitosan-cystamine-octylamine/dodecylamin/cetylamine (LC-Cys-OA, LC-Cys-DA, LC-Cys-CA) conjugates containing disulfide linkage for maximizing therapeutic effect by regulating hydrophobic interaction. The resultant spherical micelles had the characteristics of low CMC, suitable size, excellent biosafety and desired stability. The drug-loaded micelles were fabricated by embedding doxorubicin (Dox) into the hydrophobic cores. The effect of hydrophobic chain lengths of amphiphilic conjugates on encapsulation capacity, redox sensitivity, trigger-release behavior, cellular uptake efficacy, antitumor effect and antimigratory activity of Dox-loaded micelles was systematically investigated. Studies found that Dox-loaded LC-Cys-CA micelle had superior loading capacity and enhanced redox sensitivity compared with the other two micelles. Release assay indicated that the three Dox-loaded micelles maintained sufficiently stability in normal blood circulation but rapidly disintegrated in tumor cells. More importantly, the LC-Cys-CA micelle with a longer hydrophobic chain length exhibited a higher accumulative Dox release percentage than the other two micelles. Additionally, an increase in hydrophobic chain lengths of amphiphilic conjugates improved cellular uptake efficiency, antitumor effect and antimigration activity of Dox-loaded micelles, which could be explained by enhanced loading ability and redox sensitivity. Our research was expected to provide a viable platform for achieving a desired therapeutic efficacy via the alteration of hydrophobic interaction.

An Electrochemical Description of 1-Alkyl-3-Methyimidazolium Chloride Ionic Liquids

Three common Ionic Liquids (ILs) were selected 1-Methylimidazolium chloride ([Hmim]Cl), 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Bmim]Cl) and 1-Octyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Omim]Cl) for investigation to explore the effects of alkyl chain length and cation protonation on corrosion rate. The aqueous IL solutions have demonstrated a range of identifiably distinct behaviours as a function of changing solution concentration in the range of 70-99.5 mol% water. These behaviours are evidenced by large changes in conductivity, density, and viscosity; these are measurable properties indicating an evolution of hydrogen bonding networks in these systems. These bulk solution properties are critical to the interaction with a metal surface; this was explored using electrochemical testing with Cu and Zn working electrodes. Herein, the focus will be on the use of cyclic voltammetry (at 75 mol%, 85 mol%, 97 mol% and 99.5 mol% water in IL) to describe metal dissolution, deposition, and hydrogen evolution in ILs. The system of equations implemented, to interpret the electrochemical data obtained, have wide-reaching implications in understanding the fundamental behaviours causing observed corrosion behaviours; additionally, the prediction of IL solution conductivity, a vital property for applications of ILs, is of significant value.A kinetic analysis of these solution systems are benefited by the simplicity of the system with no bulk electrolyte, i.e. only the two components: water and IL. Ohmic migration in the bulk and discharge on electrode surface are the two contributions which need to be considered in the Butler-Volmer equation. (n.b. A limitation in the treatment is that thus far no account is taken for the process of solid deposition via a nucleation stage.) In this approximation the following equations can be derived. Each discharging particle must pass two consecutive processes: (1) migration in the field, with characteristic time τohm, and (2) discharge, with the time τBV. The total time will be τtot = τohm + τBV, where τohm -1 = kohm and τBV -1 = kBV. Expressions for Icathodicscan and Ianodicscan results, where φ =E-Ec , for which Ec is the potential at zero current. Two examples are included (Figure 1) to highlight the performance of the models with experimental data. The first case illustrates a particularly good agreement with a cyclic voltammogram experimentally measured for a Cu working electrode in an aqueous-IL solution, the second case is included to demonstrate that the characterstic reversal (near I=0) can be produced. Some deviation, particularly at high current, is likely due to capacitive current. The fitting also gives conductivity, which can be compared and shows good agreement with independent experimental measurements. As such, this successful prediction of the electrochemical behaviours provides an important step in the utilisation of cyclic voltammetry as a method for delivering insight into these two-component IL-containing solutions systems through fundamentally derived expressions. Figure 1

Immobilization of Candida rugosa lipase on optimized polyamidoamine dendrimer functionalized magnetic multiwalled carbon nanotubes for green manufacture of butyl butyrate ester

Mineral acid catalysis in Fisher-Speier esterification is hazardous and have other disadvantages. The objective of the study was immobilization of Candida rugosa lipase onto iron oxide (Fe3O4) impregnated magnetic mutiwalled carbon naotubes (MMWCNTs) using amine functionalized polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers for manufacture of butyl butyrate ester. Dendrimers were synthesized from reaction of ethyl methacrylate with varying chain length of diamines 1, 4 diaminobutane (DAB) / 1, 3 diaminopropane (DAP) / ethylene diamine (ED). The effect of aliphatic alkyl chain length (CH2) of functionalizing agents ED, DAP and DAB, and dendrimer generations on amount of terminal NH2 group, surface charge, protein loading and immobilized enzyme activities were analysed. Magnetic MWCNTs support surface modified with third generation PAMAM using ethylene diamine showed highest protein load 220.1 mg g−1 and enzymatic activity 8,276.21 U g−1 support. The immobilized enzyme particles were characterized by HRTEM, FTIR, XRD, TGA, VSM and Zeta potential analysis. The immobilized enzyme showed improvement in the dispersion, activity, stability and reusability characteristics. Maximum esterification yield 92.67 % and reuse upto 11 cycles with 65.2 % yield obtained. The immobilized preparation showed 2.3 folds esterification than free enzyme. Developed nanobiocatalyst expects to possess potential for various other applications of lipase catalysed reactions.

Design Rules for the Sequestration of Viruses into Polypeptide Complex Coacervates.

Encapsulation is a strategy that has been used to facilitate the delivery and increase the stability of proteins and viruses. Here, we investigate the encapsulation of viruses via complex coacervation, which is a liquid-liquid phase separation resulting from the complexation of oppositely charged polymers. In particular, we utilized polypeptide-based coacervates and explored the effects of peptide chemistry, chain length, charge patterning, and hydrophobicity to better understand the effects of the coacervating polypeptides on virus incorporation. Our study utilized two nonenveloped viruses, porcine parvovirus (PPV) and human rhinovirus (HRV). PPV has a higher charge density than HRV, and they both appear to be relatively hydrophobic. These viruses were compared to characterize how the charge, hydrophobicity, and patterning of chemistry on the surface of the virus capsid affects encapsulation. Consistent with the electrostatic nature of complex coacervation, our results suggest that electrostatic effects associated with the net charge of both the virus and polypeptide dominated the potential for incorporating the virus into a coacervate, with clustering of charges also playing a significant role. Additionally, the hydrophobicity of a virus appears to determine the degree to which increasing the hydrophobicity of the coacervating peptides can enhance virus uptake. Nonintuitive trends in uptake were observed with regard to both charge patterning and polypeptide chain length, with these parameters having a significant effect on the range of coacervate compositions over which virus incorporation was observed. These results provide insights into biophysical mechanisms, where sequence effects can control the uptake of proteins or viruses into biological condensates and provide insights for use in formulation strategies.

Interaction and antibacterial activity of ciprofloxacin with choline based ionic liquid and CTAB: A comparative spectroscopic study

In this study, the complexation of potential chemo-therapeutic antibacterial drug, ciprofloxacin (CIP) with varying concentrations of surface active compounds (SACs) i.e., (N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N,N-dimethyl-1-dodecanaminium bromide (12Cho.Br) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) has been studied. Multispectroscopic techniques were exploited to carry out the study. The higher binding constant (Kb) value for CIP-CTAB than CIP-12Cho.Br obtained from fluorescence data revealed stronger binding of CTAB than 12Cho.Br, owing to the stronger hydrophobic-hydrophobic interaction betweeen CIP and CTAB compared to CIP and 12Cho.Br. The time resolve fluorescence decay shows changes in average lifetime (τavg) with the increasing concentration of 12Cho.Br and CTAB. The changes in τavg suggests that complex formation is taking place between CIP and 12Cho.Br / CTAB. Further, the formation of micelles by 12Cho.Br / CTAB and the effect of alkyl chain length was studied by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and zeta potential to confirm the drug complexation with 12Cho.Br and CTAB. The antibacterial activity has been performed for CIP and 12Cho.Br and CTAB. It was observed that in presence of lower concentrations of 12Cho.Br/ CTAB, the activity of the drug increased. The activity was also found cationic alkyl chain length dependent. Moreover, in-vitro cytotoxicity of CIP and its combinations with 12Cho.Br and CTAB was performed using MTT assay on HEK293 (Human embryonic kidney cells).

Effect of wax chain length on the adhesion dynamics and interfacial rigidity of Salmonella Typhimurium LT2

The wax layer on the surface of fruits and vegetables is the first line of defense against a range of environmental stresses. The initial stage in the etiology of bacterial foodborne illnesses involves the bacterial adhesion and colonization on the wax layer of food commodities. Herein, we report a systematic study that provides new insights into dynamics of interfacial nanoscale processes associated with the transition of bacteria from a planktonic state to a sessile state at the early stages. To achieve this, we coated a piezoelectric sensor with model waxes containing linear alkyl carbon chains of varying lengths (from 6 to 18 carbons) via chemisorption. The process of bacterial adhesion to these wax-coated sensors was monitored using the Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation (QCM-D) technique, which offers nanogram-level gravimetric accuracy and millisecond time resolution. Our findings revealed that surfaces with higher hydrophobicity are more susceptible to Salmonella adhesion. Furthermore, we conduct a comparative analysis of the viscoelastic properties of the adhered layer, revealing distinct behaviors: Salmonella adhered to C6-wax exhibited solid-like characteristics, while adherence to C18-wax rendered a more liquid-like response. This observation underscores the role of interfacial energy in governing bacterial adhesion, as interpreted through the thermodynamic and surface science model, ultimately influencing rigidity. This investigation offers valuable insights into the initial adhesion to surfaces and has potential implications for surface design and modification within the food industry and other relevant applications, while also contributing to our understanding of bacterial contamination in food commodities.

Efficient and selective adsorption of TcO4−/ReO4− by n-alkyl-imidazolium ionic liquids functionalized cellulose microspheres and their application in simulated Beishan groundwater

Removal of technetium from radioactive waste has become attractive due to its huge environmental hazard. Herein, a series of n-alkyl-imidazolium ionic liquids functionalized cellulose microspheres (MCC-[CnVIm]Br, n = 2, 4, 6, 8, 10) were synthesized by radiation method, and their grafting regularity were investigated. In order to explore the effect of alkyl chain length on adsorption performance, the adsorption behaviors of MCC-[CnVIm]Br for TcO4−/ ReO4− were researched in detail via batch and column experiments. MCC-[CnVIm]Br exhibited high ReO4− adsorption efficiency over a wide pH range from 4 to 9, and the maximum adsorption capacity was 230.41 mg/g. The adsorption efficiency of MCC-[CnVIm]Br barely changed after 5 times reused. Remarkably, the selectivity of ReO4− enhanced with the increase of alkyl chain length, while the adsorption capacity and rate were hardly affected by it. The column experiment showed that MCC-[C10VIm]Br can selectively capture ReO4− from simulated Beishan groundwater. The adsorption performance suggested that MCC-[C10VIm]Br is promising for high-efficiency uptake of ReO4− from Beishan groundwater and other radioactive wastes.

Aggregation behaviors of alkyl α-keto acids in water

Single-tailed α-keto acids are a kind of fatty acid derivatives and weakly acidic amphiphiles. Only the aggregation behavior of α-ketooctanoic acid (KC8) in water was investigated so far, and thus the current understanding of their aggregation behavior, such as the effect of alkyl chain length, is still limited. It is essential to investigate the aggregation behavior of alkyl α-keto acids such as α-ketodecanoic acid (KC10) and α-ketododecanoic acid (KC12), to fully understand the features of α-keto acids. The aggregation behavior of KC10 and KC12 in water was investigated by changing their concentrations (C), using equilibrium surface tension, cryogenic transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, small-angle X-ray scattering, and deuterium nuclear magnetic resonance, and compared with that of KC8. A C-dependent stepwise aggregation was observed for the KC10 and KC12 systems. With increasing C, vesicles, precipitates, micelles, and lamellar phase (or α-gel phase) form successively in the systems, where precipitates and micelles both coexist with vesicles, similar to the case of KC8. With an increase in chain length, the pKa of α-keto acids increases while their critical concentrations of stepwise aggregations decrease, arising from the enhancement of the interactions between alkyl chains. The aggregation behavior observed can be explained by the existence of multispecies (including the “acid-soap” dimers) and the interaction between alkyl chains.

Bead-Spring Simulation of Ionomer Melts-Studying the Effects of Chain-Length and Associating Group Fraction on Equilibrium Structure and Extensional Flow Behavior.

Ionomers are associative polymers with diverse applications ranging from selective membranes and high-performance adhesives to abrasion- and chemical-resistant coatings, insulation layers, vacuum packaging, and foamed sheets. Within equilibrium melt, the ionic or associating groups are known to form thermally reversible, associative clusters whose presence can significantly affect the system's mechanical, viscoelastic, and transport properties. It is, thus, of great interest to understand how to control such clusters' size distribution, shape, and stability through the designed choice of polymer architecture and the ionic groups' fraction, arrangement, and interaction strength. In this work, we represent linear associating polymers using a Kremer-Grest type bead-spring model and perform large-scale MD simulations to explore the effect of polymer chain-length (l) and fraction (fs) of randomly placed associating groups on the size distribution and stability of formed clusters. We consider different chain-lengths (below and above entanglement), varying fractions of associating groups (represented by 'sticky' beads) between 5 and 20%, and a fixed sticky-sticky nonbond interaction strength of four times that between regular non-associating beads. For all melts containing associating groups the equilibrium structure factor S(q) displays a signature ionomer peak at low wave vector q whose intensity increases with increasing fs and l. The average cluster size Nc increases with fs. However, the effect of chain-length on Nc appears to be pronounced only at higher values of fs. Under extensional flows, the computed stress (and viscosity) is higher at higher fs and l regardless of strain rate. Beyond a critical strain rate, we observe fragmentation of the associative clusters, which has interesting effects on the stress/viscous response.

Comparative study on curing kinetics of MDI-based polyurethanes with different chain length diol curing agents

The difference in the reaction between thermosetting polyurethane (CPU) and binary alcohol system curing agents is crucial for obtaining accurate curing kinetics models and selecting curing agents. Based on a systematic comparison of the reaction activation energies and kinetic models of three different chain length fatty alcohol curing agents, ethylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, and 1,6-hexanediol, the effect of curing agent chain length on the curing reaction was elucidated. Using differential and integral transformation methods to process non-isothermal DSC tests results, the effect of different chain lengths curing agents on the activation energy of MDI based polyurethane were analyzed. Based on the self-catalytic model, the segmented curing mechanism of the MDI based polyurethane systems were studied, and applicable high-precision segmented kinetic models’ parameters were calibrated. The optimal curing conditions for these systems were determined using extrapolation. The research results indicate that when the curing degree increases to 95 %, the overall activation energy of the MDI/1,4-butanediol system decreases by 47.1 %, accompanied by a faster self-catalytic. However, the activation energies of the other two systems, MDI/propylene glycol system and MDI/1,6-hexanediol system increased by 62. % and 295.0 %, respectively. This slows down the reaction rate of the two systems, which was 7.8 % and 10.9 % slower than the MDI/1,4 butanediol. heir molecular cross-linking network limits the diffusion ability of their chains and reduces the self-catalysis, resulting in slow reactions. These results will provide theoretical guidance and reference for the material formulation, process optimization of MDI based polyurethane actual curing production.

Synthesis of bent-shaped azobenzene main-chain polymers for photo-switching properties

This work presents the synthesis of the new bent-core polymers with siloxane units connected to the one side of azobenzene units. The structure of siloxane-based azobenzene bent-core polymers, 7a–c, was elucidated by spectral analysis (nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy). The results of gel permeation chromatography suggested that all polymers (7a–c) showed polydisperse (polydispersity index >1). Besides, the extent of polymerization in the following order: 7a > 7b > 7c, where the degree of polymerization values were 7, 8 and 11, respectively. Polarizing optical microscopy revealed that the bent-core liquid crystal (BCLC) monomers, 6a and 6b, displayed the smectic A phase, whereas BCLC monomer 6c and all siloxane-based main-chain polymers (MCPs) (7a–c) were crystalline in nature. The result of ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy demonstrated that all MCPs (7a–c) exhibited strong photoisomerization behavior in solution. All polymers (7a–c) showed trans to cis isomerization in about 200 s, whereas the reverse process required much longer times ranging from 400 to 520 min in solution. The photo-switching study on azobenzene containing polymers stated that the effect of alkyl chain length and type of central core units on trans to cis isomerization were negligible. In contrast, both parameters influence the cis to trans process in which the photo-switching behavior of these materials may be primarily suitably exploited in the field of photo-induced phenomenon.

The Influence of PEG Chain Length on the in vivo Tumor Accumulation of Self-assembled Amphiphilic Drug-PEG Polymeric Micelles

The integration of a drug and polyethylene glycol (PEG) into an amphiphilic polymer to form self-assembled micelles with high drug loading for self-delivery to tumors is recently reported, which has showed high clinical availability. However, the effect of PEG chain length on cell internalization efficiency and tumor targeting efficiency in this PEG-drug conjugate micelle self-delivery system has yet to be studied. Herein, pyropheophorbide-a (PhA) was used as a model drug and a fluorescent tracer to synthesize amphiphilic polymers with varying PEG chain lengths, which self-assembled into PhA-PEG2000 NPs and PhA-PEG5000 NPs with high drug loading (21.2% and 9.7%, respectively, according to calculation). The results showed that PhA-PEG2000 NPs had higher cell internalization in vitro than PhA-PEG5000 NPs, but much lower tumor accumulation in vivo than PhA-PEG5000 NPs. This was attributed to the longer in vivo blood circulation time of the latter. Furthermore, the in vitro and in vivo examinations revealed negligible side effects, indicating the intrinsic safety of the micelles. This study provides insight into the influence of PEG chain length on biodistribution of organs and tumor accumulation after intravenous administration of PEG-drug conjugate micelle and guides the design of drug incorporated amphiphilic polymer-based micelles.

Amide-decorated reusable C18 silica-packed columns for the rapid, efficient and sequential separation of lanthanoids using reversed phase-high performance liquid chromatography

The current work focuses on the sequential separation of trivalent lanthanides (except Pm3+) using modified C18 silica-packed supports through the reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) technique. In the current research, four indigenously synthesized amphiphilic aromatic triamide derivatives, namely N1, N1, N3, N3, N5, N5-hexa(alkyl) benzene-1,3,5-tri carboxamide (alkyl = butyl, hexyl, octyl, and decyl), were employed as column modifiers. The results show that the separation of Ln3+ can be achieved systematically (< 12 min) by tuning the modifiers' functional group and hydrophobic chain and fine-tuning the column modification procedure and separation parameters. The chromatographic studies revealed that the use of 0.168 mmol of N1, N1, N3, N3,N5, N5-hexa(hexyl)benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide (HHBTA) coated column and 0.419 mmol of N1, N1, N3, N3, N5, N5-hexa(octyl) benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide (HOBTA) modified columns offered excellent separation for the lanthanoids, using 0.1 M α-hydroxyisobutyric acid (HIBA), as mobile phase. The separated lanthanoids were quantified by post-column derivatization reaction (after the separation process) using Arsenazo (III) as the post-column reagent by integrating with a UV–Visible detector fixed at 655 nm (λmax). A systematic study on the influence of various analytical features, such as the effect of the modifier's chain length and its concentration, mobile phase composition and pH, was performed and optimized for achieving the best separation protocols.

Chain length and OH-spacing effects on diol-based deep eutectic solvents

Since their conceptualization in 2004, the study of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) has greatly advanced over the last two decades. One of the more popular DESs is ethaline, a system made up of choline chloride (ChCl) as a hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) and ethylene glycol as a hydrogen bond donor (HBD). Ethaline has been extensively studied over the years due to its many advantages. Besides ethylene glycol, other diol HBDs have been suggested and compared to the ethaline systems. In this work, DES systems using 1,2-propanediol and 1,3-propanediol as HBDs have been measured to study their conductivity, viscosity, density, polarity on the ET(30) scale, and solvent response dynamics by femtosecond transient absorption (fs-TA) spectroscopy. In addition to experimental measurements, classical molecular dynamics simulations were performed to further understand solvation structures and hydrogen bond networks. The effects of the alkyl chain length and O–H spacing on the mentioned parameters was determined.

Unlocking the Effect of Chain Length and Terminal Group on Ethylene Glycol Ether Family Toward Advanced Aqueous Electrolytes.

Constructing high-performance hybrid electrolyte is important to advanced aqueous electrochemical energy storage devices. However, due to the lack of in-depth understanding of how the molecule structures of cosolvent additives influence the properties of electrolytes significantly impeded the development of hybrid electrolytes. Herein, a series of hybrid electrolytes are prepared by using ethylene glycol ether with different chain lengths and terminal groups as additives. The optimized 2m LiTFSI-90%DDm hybrid electrolyte prepared from diethylene glycol dimethyl ether (DDm) molecule showcases excellent comprehensive performance and significantly enhances the operating voltage of supercapacitors (SCs) to 2.5V by suppressing the activity of water. Moreover, the SC with 2m LiTFSI-90%DDm hybrid electrolyte supplies a long-term cycling life of 50000 cycles at 1Ag-1 with 92.3% capacitance retention as well as excellent low temperature (-40ºC) cycling performance (10000 times at 0.2Ag-1). Universally, Zn//polyaniline full cell with 2m Zn(OTf)2-90%DDm electrolyte manifests outstanding cycling performance in terms of 77.9% capacity retention after 2,000 cycles and a dendrite-free Zn anode. This work inspires new thinking of developing advanced hybrid electrolytes by cosolvent molecule design toward high-performance energy storage devices.

The effects of chain length of polyethylene glycol on porous Na2Ti6O13 for photocatalytic degradation of ofloxacin

The effects of chain length of polyethylene glycol on porous Na2Ti6O13 for photocatalytic degradation of ofloxacin

Thermophysical characterization of 1-propylpyridinium 1,1,1-trifluoromethanesulfonate, effect of alkyl chain length of the cation, and anion structure

Thermophysical characterization of 1-propylpyridinium 1,1,1-trifluoromethanesulfonate, effect of alkyl chain length of the cation, and anion structure