Effects Of Cell Phone Radiation Research Articles

Detrimental effects of electromagnetic radiation emitted from cell phone on embryo morphokinetics and blastocyst viability in mice.

Electromagnetic radiation (EMR) has deleterious effects on sperm motility and viability, as well as oocyte membrane and organelle structure. The aim was to assess the effects of cell phone radiation on preimplantation embryo morphokinetics and blastocyst viability in mice. For superovulation, 20 female mice were treated with intraperitoneal (IP) injections of 10 IU pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin (Folligon® PMSG), followed by 10 IU of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) after 48 h. The zygotes (n = 150) from the control group were incubated for 4 days. The experimental zygotes (n = 150) were exposed to a cell phone emitting EMR with a frequency range 900-1800 MHz for 30 min on day 1. Then, all embryos were cultured in the time-lapse system and annotated based on time points from the 2-cell stage (t2) to hatched blastocyst (tHDyz), as well as abnormal cleavage patterns. Blastocyst viability was assessed using Hoechst and propidium iodide staining. Significant increases (P < 0.05) were observed in the cleavage division time points of t2, t8, t10, and t12 of the experimental group compared with the controls. In terms of blastocyst formation parameters, a delay in embryo development was observed in the experimental group compared with the controls. Data analysis of the time intervals between the two groups showed a significant difference in the s3 time interval (P < 0.05). Also, the rates of fragmentation, reverse cleavage, vacuole formation, and embryo arrest were significantly higher in the experimental group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the cell survival rate in the experimental group was lower than the control group (P < 0.05). Exposure to EMR has detrimental consequences for preimplantation embryo development in mice. These effects can manifest as defects in the cleavage stage and impaired blastocyst formation, leading to lower cell viability.

Investigation of the Adverse Health Effects of Cell Phone Radiation and Propose Solutions to Minimize Them: A Systematic Review.

Today, mobile phones are one of the most common devices emitting electromagnetic radiation and are available to more than seven billion people in different age groups around the world. The effects of electromagnetic radiation on biological systems have been studied for several years. In this systematic review to find relevant articles, international databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science, and Cochrane were used since 2007-2022 by selecting appropriate keywords. The result revealed that exposure to cell phone radiation can lead to disturb in the metabolic activity of the cerebellum by increasing the migration of granulosa cells, decrease the water around the fetus in pregnant women, decrease in the number of blood plates, increasing levels of ALT and AST that they are the key biomarkers of liver damage, decrease of phagocytosis and induced apoptosis of neutrophils, changes at the level of glucose and even at the microscopic level of pancreas this may be a predisposing factor for diabetes, increment in tissue temperature in all depth of the brain tissue, EMF increase the volume, weight, and atresia follicles of the ovaries of the children, also it can cause oxidative stress, DNA fragmentation, etc. Mobile phone radiation is harmful and depends on its intensity, frequency, wave type, and exposure duration. It can cause different biological effects in humans. Due to the uncertainty of the results and mechanism of the effect of these waves, research in this field is still ongoing.

A Comparative Evaluation of the Genotoxic Effects of Mobile Phone Radiation Using Buccal Micronucleus Assay.

Mobile usage has increased worldwide over the past two decades. There are conflicting reports about the carcinogenic effects of cell phone radiation on the oral mucosa. Micronucleus (MN) is considered a reliable marker for genotoxic damage. This study aimed to identify the impact of mobile phone radiation on the MN frequency in oral mucosal cells. In this descriptive-analytical study, 50 mobile phone users between the age group of 20-38 years were included. Samples were obtained from the right and left cheek mucosa of each subject (a total 100 cell samples). Every participant filled out a questionnaire about his or her cell phone usage habits. Additionally, personal information such as age, gender, and body mass index (BMI) were assessed. The Feulgen and Papanicolaou staining methods were used for staining of the cell samples. A total of 1000 cells in each sample were evaluated for MNs. The mean number of MN in exposed and non-exposed mucosa by Feulgen method was 0.71±1.13 and 0.57±1.36, respectively. Also in Papanicolaou staining, the mean number of MN in the exposed mucosa and non-exposed mucosa was 6.94±6.61 and 6.54±6.88, respectively, but these differences were not significant (p> 0.05). The frequency of MN in non-specific DNA staining was significantly (5- to 6-fold) higher than DNA-specific staining. We observed no statically significant differences between MN frequency according to age, gender, BMI, and other cell phone usage habits (p> 0.05). This study showed that cell phone use does not cause genotoxic effects in the buccal mucosa in the oral cavity. Moreover, using non-specific DNA staining methods can increase the frequency of MN by more than 5- to 6-fold.

Swipe Right on Male Infertility: Effect of cell phone radiation on sperm motility

Over the past decade, the relationship between humans and their smartphones have been marked with stark symbiosis. The advent of Bluetooth earbuds has presumably prolonged the amount of time the cell phone resides in the trouser pockets of men. This places the smartphone and its respective radiofrequency - electromagnetic radiation (RF- EMR) near the testicles. RF-EMR has been postulated to increase oxidative stress and induce free radical formation.

Effect of Mobile Phone Radiation on Parotid and Submandibular Salivary GlandsAn Ultrasonographic Study

Introduction: In this era of digitalism, mobile phones have become a cultural accessory. Frequent smartphone usage results in possible adverse effects from low radiofrequency radiation and thermal effect emitted by these devices. One of the major concerns is salivary glands as the mobile phones are held against the side of face in close proximity to these glands. Aim: To assess the effect of cell phone radiation on the volume, systolic velocity, salivary flow rate of parotid and submandibular gland between the dominant and non dominant side of mobile phone users. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology with the sample size of 100 (50 males and 50 females). Inclusion criteria were based on the frequency of mobile phone usage of more than two hours per day. Mobile phone usage was determined based on patient’s answer to the questionnaire. Ultrasonography (USG) of both parotid and submandibular gland was done bilaterally to measure the volume of the glands and Colour Doppler of external carotid artery to measure systolic velocity. Modified Schirmer tear strips were used bilaterally to measure unstimulated salivary flow rate. The data was entered into MS excel and significance was calculated using independent sample t-test. Results: In parotid gland, mean volume, mean systolic velocity and mean salivary flow rate were of higher value in the dominant side (14.22±2.17 mL; 15.14±3.74 cm/s; 0.37±0.26 mm/5 mins) compared to the non dominant side (13.76±2.14 mL; 14.53±3.39 cm/s; 0.24±0.2 mm/5 mins). In submandibular gland, mean volume, mean systolic velocity and mean salivary flow rate were of higher value in the dominant side (9.60±1.96 mL; 15.70±6.44 cm/s; 0.30±0.22 mm/5 mins) compared to the non dominant side (8.88±2.17 mL; 13.87±4.83 cm/s; 0.26±0.21 mm/5 mins). Conclusion: The volume, systolic velocity of blood flow, the salivary flow rate, of the parotid gland and submandibular gland were significantly more on the dominant side than the non dominant side of mobile phone usage. The study emphasised that prolonged mobile phone usage causes biological changes in salivary glands and its flow rate.

A cross-sectional and histological analysis to understand the cytological effects of cell phone radiation on buccal mucosa of children.

The ongoing pandemic has affected all the spheres of life and one of the severely affected avenues is the education of a child. The online education has seen an upward curve since the start of COVID-19 pandemic. Schools globally have adopted online class tutorials as the main method to impart education and directly increasing the screen time for a child. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the cytological effects of prolonged mobile phone usage on the buccal mucosa of children. Stratified sampling was used for the selection of subjects for the study. After a questionnaire regarding the usage of a mobile phone was distributed among the parents of children. Among them, 90 children were selected on the basis of pattern and frequency of mobile phone usage in the child. The children were divided into three groups based on the per day hours of viewing of mobile phone, i.e., Group 1: Usage of 1-2 h a day, Group 2: Usage of 3-6 h a day, and Group 3: Usage of >6 h a day. The time frame taken into consideration was 1 year after the pandemic started. This was specifically to understand the impact of the online education. Swab was obtained by using the conventional ice-cream stick method from the buccal mucosa. The samples were subjected to histological and microscopical analysis to observe for cytological changes. One-way ANOVA was used to determine the statistical significance if any. The results obtained clearly showed that Group 3 (>6 h usage per day) showed the highest number of cellular and chromosomal aberrations which was significant. The results indicated that impact due to the prolonged screen time on the buccal mucosa is significant. A direct proportionality was seen between the apoptotic changes and chromosomal aberrations and the number of daily hour usage.

The detrimental effect of cell phone radiation on sperm biological characteristics in normozoospermic

Radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation emitted from cell phone has harmful effects on some organs of the body, such as the brain, heart, and testes. This study aimed to assess the effects of cell phones on sperm parameters, DNA fragmentation, and apoptosis in normozoospermic. Normal sperm samples were divided into two groups of control and case. The samples from the case were placed for 60min at a distance of approximately 2.5cm from the cell phone set in the active antenna position. Control samples were exposed to cell phones without active antennas. All specimens were analysed by World Health Organization criteria. Sperm viability, sperm with chromatin abnormality and maturity, DNA fragmentation, and apoptosis were examined. Viability and motility in the case were significantly lower than the control (p<.001, p=.004 respectively). The percentage of apoptotic sperms and DNA fragmentation were significantly higher in the case when compared with the control (p=.031, p<.001 respectively). The other parameters studied such as morphology, chromatin abnormality, and maturity showed no significant difference between the case and control groups. Cell phone waves had a detrimental effect on human sperm's biological features. Therefore, it is recommended to keep the cell phone away from the pelvis as much as possible.

Challenges on the effect of cell phone radiation on mammalian embryos and fetuses: a review of the literature.

Cell phones operate with a wide range of frequency bands and emit radiofrequency-electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR). Concern on the possible health hazards of RF-EMR has been growing in many countries because these RF-EMR pulses may be absorbed into the body cells, directly affecting them. There are some in vitro and in vivo animal studies related to the consequences of RF-EMR exposure from cell phones on embryo development and offspring. In addition, some studies have revealed that RF-EMR from cellular phone may lead to decrease in the rates of fertilization and embryo development, as well as the risk of the developmental anomalies, other studies have reported that it does not interfere with in vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection success rates, or the chromosomal aberration rate. Of course, it is unethical to study the effect of waves generated from cell phones on the forming human embryos. Conversely, other mammals have many similarities to humans in terms of anatomy, physiology and genetics. Therefore, in this review we focused on the existing literature evaluating the potential effects of RF-EMR on mammalian embryonic and fetal development.

Effects of mobile phone radiofrequency radiation on sperm quality.

In the last decades, the universal use of mobile phones has contributed to radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation environmental pollution. The steady growth in mobile phone usage has raised concerns about the effects of phone radiation on male reproductive health. Epidemiological studies report a sharp decline in sperm counts in developing countries, and worldwide with c. 14% of couples having difficulties to conceive, many of which are attributed to a male infertility factor. Environment and lifestyle factors are known to contribute to male infertility. Exposure to heat, radiation, or radioactivity might induce damage to biological tissue organs, including the testis. Given the ubiquitous use of mobile phones, the potential adverse effects of the resulting environmental radiation needs to be elucidated further. It seems to be an apparent relationship between the increased exposure to mobile phone radiofrequency and sperm quality decline, but the evidence is not conclusive. Our review summarizes the evidence concerning the possible adverse effects of cell phone radiation on the male reproductive system, with a focus on sperm quality. Also, we critically analyze the effects of elevated testicular temperature and oxidative stress on male fertility and how these factors could interfere with the physiological activities of the testis.

Moderate exercise training as an effective strategy to reduce the harmful effects of cell phone radiation on Wistar rat’s semen quality

Moderate exercise training as an effective strategy to reduce the harmful effects of cell phone radiation on Wistar rat’s semen quality

Moderate exercise training as an effective strategy to reduce the harmful effects of cell phone radiation on Wistar rat’s semen quality

Moderate exercise training as an effective strategy to reduce the harmful effects of cell phone radiation on Wistar rat’s semen quality

Computer simulation of human head irradiation by a cell phone field

Communication systems are developing at an incredible speed. This also applies to mobile communication systems, which today are among the most important telecommunication systems operating at microwave frequencies. Working mobile phones are sources of non-ionizing radiation near the head or body. Despite the fact that the average person spends several conversations on a cell phone every day, the issue of the impact of radiation on health has not yet been fully studied. Simulate the effect of cell phone radiation on biological tissues of the human body, in particular on the head. Two computer models of the human head have been built. Computer simulation of the effect of cell phone radiation on biological tissues of the human body has been performed. An important feature of the model is the presence of layers with different parameters. The layers correspond to real biological tissues (skin, adipose tissue, muscle, skull and brain). A study of the field distribution in the volume of the human head, induced by a working mobile phone, is presented. The specific absorption coefficient was determined. Shown is the thermal effect caused by exposure to radiation from a mobile phone. In the case of the multilayer model, lower values of the specific absorption coefficient were obtained, which can be explained by the use of a more accurate computer model. It became possible to graphically represent the propagation of electromagnetic waves through the head model. The temperature distribution over the surface and in the volume of the human head is illustrated.

Activation of liver X receptors ameliorates alterations in testicular function in rats exposed to electromagnetic radiation

ABSTRACT Introduction: Cell phones are essential for modern life and their usage becomes prevalent. Worries have increased concerning the harmful effects of their radio-frequency electromagnetic radiation. Liver X receptors (LXRs) are ligand-dependent transcription factors that have important roles in lipid metabolism and inflammation, plus several recently emerging roles. Whether it is useful to overcome the hazardous effects of cell phone radiation needs to be clarified. So, this study aimed to investigate the effect of LXRs activation on testicular changes in rats exposed to electromagnetic radiation. Methods: Thirty adult male Wistar rats were subdivided into control group, experimental group: exposed to cell phone electromagnetic radiation, and treated group: as experimental group and received LXRs agonist T0901317. Serum testosterone (T), Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH), and Luteinizing Hormone (LH), testicular tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and gene expressions of inflammatory and apoptotic markers were assessed. Seminal analysis and testicular histological examination were performed. Results: LXRs activation in rats exposed to cell phone radiation improved the decreased testicular and gonadotrophic hormones, semen quality parameters, tissue SOD, and anti-apoptotic gene expression as well as the elevated tissue MDA, apoptotic and inflammatory gene expressions, and the testicular histological changes induced by exposure to electromagnetic radiation. Conclusion: Exposure to cell phone radiation leads to harmful effects on spermatogenesis and LXRs activation could improve these effects via antioxidant, anti-inflammatory properties in addition to its endocrinal action.

Numerical Simulation of High-Frequency Radio Energy Absorption in Human Head Tissues

The most relevant aspect of the mutual influence of a dipole antenna and a multilayer tissue model – the distribution of the electric field of the antenna in the layers of a spherical multilayer model – is considered. Special attention is paid to complex models providing almost perfect simulation of a human head. The obtained results are of interest not only from an engineering point of view, but from a consumer’s viewpoint as well, being related to the possible detrimental effect of cell phone radiation on health. The calculations were carried out for the most widely used digital cellular standards: GSM900 and GSM1800.

Possible Relationship between Long Term Use of Cell Phones and Tumors

Cell (or cellular or mobile) phones first became widely available in the United States in the 1990s, but their use has increased dramatically since then. Cell phone use is nowadays an unremarkable part of everyday activities. Cell phones use radio-waves to carry information between callers. The frequency of these waves ranges from about 850-1900 megahertz (MHz). The higher the frequencies, the greater the energy carried by the waves. Human brain cells communicate via electrical impulses, which can be detected by non-invasive EEG (electroencephalogram) measurements. Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging is another tool used to study the effect of cell phone radiation on human brain activity.

Possible Relationship between Long Term Use of Cell Phones and Tumors

Cell (or cellular or mobile) phones first became widely available in the United States in the 1990s, but their use has increased dramatically since then. Cell phone use is nowadays an unremarkable part of everyday activities. Cell phones use radio-waves to carry information between callers. The frequency of these waves ranges from about 850-1900 megahertz (MHz). The higher the frequencies, the greater the energy carried by the waves. Human brain cells communicate via electrical impulses, which can be detected by non-invasive EEG (electroencephalogram) measurements. Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging is another tool used to study the effect of cell phone radiation on human brain activity.

Moderate exercise training reduced the harmful effects of electromagnetic radiation emitted from a cell phone on hematological parameters in male Wistar rats

Cell phones emit radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR) that negatively affects the hematological blood profile. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate whether exercise training can exert any protective impacts on hematological parameters in male Wistar rats. Twenty-four male Wistar rats (10 weeks old) were randomly assigned to e exposure to RF-EMR (RF-EMR) group, exercise group RF-EMR plus exercise (RF-EMR + Exercise) group, and control group. The rats in the exposure to RF-EMR groups (RF-EMR and RF-EMR + exercise) were exposed to RF-EMR 3 h/day for 28 days. The rats in the exercise groups (exercise and RF-EMR + exercise) were administered to moderate exercise training 6 days a week for 28 days. After 28 days, animals were sacrificed 24 h following the completion of the experiment, and hematological parameters, including complete blood count, were assessed. Exposure to RF-EMR induced a significant decrease in RBC, HGB, HCT, MCV, MCH, and MCHC, and an increase in PLT and WBC in compared with the control group (p < 0.05). However, most of the hematological parameters of the RF-EMR + exercise group were similar to the control group (except for PLT) that showed the inhibitory effect of exercise training against the harmful effects of cell phone radiation. 28 day moderate exercise training is beneficial to attenuate the harmful effects of RF-EMR emitted from the cell phone.

Effect of cell phone radiation on neutrophil of mice

Purpose: The present study aims to evaluate the effect of cell phone radiation on neutrophil of mice.Materials and methods: 40 male BALB/C mice were randomly divided into four groups as control, blank control, TD-CDMA, and LTE-advanced groups, respectively. Mice were exposed to cell phone radiation for a period of 6 weeks. Then numbers of neutrophil were detected by fully automatic hematology analyzer. Soft agar diffusion method was performed to assess the chemotaxis of neutrophils while the phagocytosis of neutrophils was determined by measuring the staphylococcus albus phagocytosis percentage. Apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry.Results: No significant differences were observed among the control and exposure groups regarding the numbers of neutrophils after 2 weeks’ exposure to cell phone radiation, while the numbers of neutrophils in TD-SCDMA and LTE-advanced groups were seen to rise after an exposure of 4 or 6 weeks. No effect was observed on chemotaxis of neutrophils due to phone radiation. The phagocytosis of neutrophils was decreased while the apoptosis were increased both in TD-SCDMA and LTE-advanced groups after 6 weeks exposure.Conclusions: Mobile phone radiation could give rise to increase of neutrophil numbers yet with no effect whatever on neutrophils chemotaxis, and the radiation was likely to cause decrease of phagocytosis and induced apoptosis of neutrophils.

The Effects of Cell Phone Radiation on the Human Body: An Overview

In this research article, an overview is provided of all the plausible effects that cell phone radiation might have on a human body. The number of cell of regular cell phone users has exploded around the world, and cell phones have become an integral part of our lives in the recent past. Therefore, this paper strives to answers public questions regarding the safety of using cell phones. It analyses previous research that has been done in the field to provide concise answers. The article also supports the motion that cell phones can be harmful in the long run; however, there is no conclusive evidence. The future research should be made more streamlined, and focus on human body systems.

The Effects of Cell Phone Radiation on the Human Body: An Overview

In this research article, an overview is provided of all the plausible effects that cell phone radiation might have on a human body. The number of cell of regular cell phone users has exploded around the world, and cell phones have become an integral part of our lives in the recent past. Therefore, this paper strives to answers public questions regarding the safety of using cell phones. It analyses previous research that has been done in the field to provide concise answers. The article also supports the motion that cell phones can be harmful in the long run; however, there is no conclusive evidence. The future research should be made more streamlined, and focus on human body systems.