Effect Of Camel Milk Research Articles

Effects of Camel Milk on Glycemic Indices and Lipid Profiles of Type-1 and Type-2 Diabetic and Metabolic Syndrome Patients: A Systematic Review

Effects of Camel Milk on Glycemic Indices and Lipid Profiles of Type-1 and Type-2 Diabetic and Metabolic Syndrome Patients: A Systematic Review

Effect of camel milk on lipid profile among patients with diabetes: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression of randomized controlled trials

The effects of camel milk (CM) intake on lipid profile among patients with diabetes remain controversial. This systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) aimed to calculate the effect size of CM intake on blood lipids among patients with type 1 (T1D) and type 2 (T2D) diabetes. We searched nine databases from inception until December 31, 2022, to identify relevant RCTs. Effect sizes for total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were calculated and expressed using mean differences (MD) and confidence intervals (CI). Of 4,054 retrieved articles, 10 RCTs (a total of 347 participants aged 8–70 years, 60.5% male) were eligible for inclusion. The pooled results from a random-effects model showed statistically significant decreases in TC (MD − 21.69, 95% CI: 41.05, − 2.33; p = 0.03; I2=99%), TG (MD − 19.79, 95% CI: −36.16, − 3.42; p=0.02, I2=99%), and LDL (MD −11.92, CI: −20.57, −3.26; p = 0.007, I2=88%), and a significant increase in HDL (MD 10.37, 95% CI, 1.90, 18.84; p=0.02, I2=95%) in patients with diabetes supplemented with CM compared with usual care alone. Subgroup analysis revealed that only long-term interventions (> 6 months) elicited a significant reduction in TC levels and TG levels. Consumption of fresh CM by patients with diabetes resulted in significant reductions in TC, TG, and LDL levels, while showing a significant increase in HDL levels. Patients with T1D elicited a more beneficial effect in lowering TC, LDL, and TG levels and in increasing HDL levels than their corresponding partners with T2D. In conclusion, long-term consumption of CM for patients with diabetes, especially those with T1D, could be a useful adjuvant therapy to improve lipid profile alongside prescribed medications. However, the high heterogeneity in the included studies suggests that more RCTs with larger sample sizes and longer intervention durations are required to improve the robustness of the available evidence.

Effect of camel milk and pistachio-based product on cancer-induced sarcopenia in Sprague Dawley rats

In the current study, we investigated the role of camel milk and pistachio in the muscle growth of rats with cancer-induced sarcopenia. Female Sprague Dawley rats weighing 180 – 200 grams were selected for a bioefficacy trial for 13 weeks and divided into four groups: G1 (negative control), G2 (positive control), G3 (normal diet + camel milk), and G4 (normal diet + camel milk and pistachio based product). Tumors were induced in rats by administering 50 mg/kg of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene via gastrogavage followed by chemotherapy in G2, G3, and G4. Histopathological analysis, muscle strength analysis, muscle fiber histology and renal function tests were performed. The administration of camel milk and pistachio-based product (CMP) significantly (P<0.01) improved muscle strength in the treatment group. Muscle mass analysis of the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and soleus muscle showed significant (P<0.01) improvement in the treatment group. Muscle fiber diameter also significantly (P<0.01) increased in the treatment group. Camel milk and pistachio-based product (CMP) have shown promising effects against cancer-induced sarcopenia in rat modelling by enhancing muscle function and strength.

Study the morphological changes and histological lesions that induced by shigella flexneri for liver in mice and the role of camel's milk and antibiotic to treatment

The present study demonstrated the morphological changes and histological lesions in the liver of albinomice Mus musculus induced per oral infection of (Shigella flexneri). The aim of the study is to assesstreatment by used camel milk and antibiotic Ciprofloxacin and the effect of camel milk and antibiotic oninfected organs. Also study the inhibition efficacy of milk in vivo. The study tested sensitive of Shigellaflexneri toward group from antibiotics, the results showed that the bacteria sensitive for (Ciprofloxacin,Neomycin, Amikacin) and resistance for (Ampicillin, Cefixin, Clindamycin, Vancomycin, Tetracyclin,Erythomycin, Ceftriaxone). Also test the inhibition efficacy of camel milk toward this bacteria andobvious that this bacteria very sensitive for camel milk. The present study used 32 mice that dividerandomly to eight groups (each group consist 4 mice), the first group was control group administratedonly normal diet and water, the second group administrated lethal dose for 50% of animals, the thirdgroup administrated infected dose from bacteria, but (3, 4, 5, 6, 7) groups administrated infected dosefrom bacteria and treated with camel milk with doses (0.25, 0.5, 1 ml and with ad libitum), the eighthgroup administrated infected dose from bacteria and treated with antibiotic (concentration 0.125 mg/ kg).The microscopic examination showed many lesions in liver for groups that treated with lethal andinfected dose from Shigella flexneri. This lesion appeared as vacuolated and focal necrosis ofhepatocytes, hemorrhage and congestion was appeared, infiltration of inflammatory cells betweenhepatocytes. This lesions appeared more sever in the groups administrated with lethal dose. Thehistological lesions in groups that administrated with bacteria and treatment with camel milk presentedenhancement in the arrangement of hepatocytes and less necrosis, degeneration, hemorrhage andinfiltration of inflammatory cells especially in the groups which was treated with open dose of camelmilk. The group which was treated with antibiotic alone, microscopic examination showed enhancementin liver compared with groups that administrated with lethal and infected dose but that less efficiencycompared with camel milk.

Effect of Camel Milk on Glucose Homeostasis in Patients with Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

The effects of camel milk (CM) intake on glycemic control in patients with diabetes are controversial. This systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted to summarize the effect of CM intake on glucose homeostasis parameters in patients with both types of diabetes mellitus; T1DM and T2DM. We searched Google Scholar, PubMed/MEDLINE, EBSCO host, CINAHL, ScienceDirect, Cochrane, ProQuest Medical, Web of Science, and Scopus databases from inception until the end of November 2021. Relevant RCTs were identified, and the effect size was reported as mean difference (MD) and standard deviation (SD). Parameters of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting blood glucose (FBG), postprandial blood glucose (PBG), fasting serum insulin (FI), insulin resistance (expressed in terms of HOMA-IR), insulin dose (ID) received, serum insulin antibody (IA), and C-peptide (CP) were tested. Out of 4054 collected articles, 14 RCTs (total 663 subjects) were eligible for inclusion. The pooled results obtained using a random-effects model showed a statistically significant decrease in HbA1c levels (MD, −1.24, 95% confidence interval (CI): −2.00, −0.48, p < 0.001 heterogeneity (I2) = 94%) and ID received (MD, −16.72, 95% CI: −22.09, −11.35 p < 0.00001, I2 = 90%), with a clear tendency was shown, but non-significant, to decrease FBG (MD, −23.32, 95% CI: −47.33, 0.70, p = 0.06, I2 = 98%) in patients with diabetes who consumed CM in comparison to those on usual care. Conversely, the consumption of CM did not show significant reductions in the rest of the glucose homeostasis parameters. Subgroup analysis revealed that patients with T2DM were more beneficially affected by CM intake than those with T1DM in lowering FBG, while patients with T1DM were more beneficially affected by CM intake than those with T2DM in lowering HbA1c. Both fresh and treated (pasteurized/fermented) CM gave similar beneficial effects in lowering HbA1c. Lastly, a relatively superior effect for longer duration on shorter duration (>6 months, ≤6 months, respectively) of CM intake is found in lowering HbA1c. To conclude, long-term consumption of CM by patients with diabetes could be a useful adjuvant therapy alongside classical medications, especially in lowering the required insulin dose and HbA1c. Due to the high heterogeneity observed in the included studies, more controlled trials with a larger sample size are warranted to confirm our results and to control some confounders and interfering factors existing in the analyzed articles.

Effect of camel milk and its derivatives on triglycerides and cholesterol level in alloxan-induced diabetic rabbits

This trial aimed to find out the effect of camel milk and its derivatives on triglycerides and cholesterol levels in Alloxan-Induced diabetic rabbits. Diabetes was induced by intravenous injection of Alloxan solution. The diabetic rabbits were treated with fresh and fermented camel milk and colostrums for 60 days. The results demonstrated that triglycerides and cholesterol levels were reduced throughout the experimental period when using camel milk and its derivatives and the levels were kept within the accepted ranges.

Camel milk modulates α-lactalbumin induced changes in the gut microbiota in a murine model of cow’s milk allergy

Camel milk has been noted to have medicinal properties treating allergies, diarrhea, microbial infection and Crohn's disease.The aim of this study is to identify and characterize the intestinal microbiota of BALB/c mice sensitized to α-lactalbumin (α-la) and fed with camel milk. For this, 30 females BALB/c mice aged between 4 and 6 weeks were divided into two groups. The first one designated as control group did not receive any treatment (n=10). The second group (n=20) was immunized intraperitoneally with α-la. On day 35 of sensitization protocol, mice of the second group were divided into two subgroups of 10 mice each. Animals of the first subgroup were sacrificed, whereas, mice of the second subgroup were fed camel milk for one week. In order to analyze the effect of camel milk on α-La-sensitized mice, two studies were carried out: a histological analysis of the jejunal tissues and microbiolo-gical study in the intestine and faeces of mice of different groups. Our results showed that drinking camel milk significantly reduced the alteration of in-testinal epithelium induced by α-la immunization as demonstrated by a signi-ficant increase of villus height (p&lt;0.05). The microbiological results showed a very significant increase in enterobacteria and anaerobic bacteria (1 to 2 log ufc/g) in bacterial flora of mice immunized to α-la. However there was no significant difference in the level of enterobacteriaceae and anaerobic bacte-ria in the faeces of α-la-immunized mice treated with camel milk. In conclu-sion, Camel milk reduced the microscopic lesions caused by α-lasensitization and play an antibacterial role againstpathogenic bacteria in the intestinal mucosa of mice immunized to cow’s milk proteins especially α-la.

The Efficacy of Sedation Depends on the Diet of Population

Physicians are often faced with the fact that the duration of anesthesia varies in different patients, which significantly complicates the process of surgical intervention and may confront the surgeon with an unforeseen situation. Recently, publications have appeared in the literature on the effects of various, including exotic products on anesthesia. There are also many conflicting statements about the effect of camel milk (CM) on the duration of anesthesia. Some data show that CM prolongs anesthesia, while other scientists argue the exact opposite: CM shortens the effect of the anesthetic. We decided to shed light on these studies by analyzing the effect of CM consumption on the effectiveness of local anesthesia in different patients. This article highlights the significant changes that occur in anesthesia due to the patients’ diet. To achieve the set goal, we sort the twenty patients underwent local anesthesia into groups depending on the habit of using CM. The first, control, group consisted of practically healthy patients who did not use CM throughout their lives, and the second group had the habit of regularly taking CM. In both groups, local anesthesia was first performed without pre-drink CM. For the second time, participants in the control and experimental groups were asked to drink CM before the anesthesia procedure. Both in the control and experimental groups, patients drank CM one hour before local anesthesia. A significant correlation was found between the use of CM and the duration of anesthesia in both groups. Consumption of CM had a different effect on the duration of local anesthesia in the experimental and control groups. When milk was consumed before the use of analgesics in these two different groups, it changed exactly the opposite: for those who usually drink milk, it was shortened, and for those who did not drink it daily, lengthened. Thus, we found that the differences in the statements of scientists about the CM impact on anesthesia are based on the fact of different effects of CM in its single and long-term use. We attribute this to the suppression under long-term use of CM the cytochrome system neutralizing both foreign compounds and nutrients entering the organ. However, further long-term studies with larger sample sizes are needed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms behind this phenomenon.

Effect of Camel Milk on the Physicochemical, Rheological, and Sensory Qualities of Bread

An increase in bread production has been achieved to meet the increasing demand of the growing population. During the manufacturing process, refined wheat flour, the main ingredient for bread making, loses its nutritional qualities. Hence, it is necessary to use additional nutritional sources to maintain nutritional value. In this study, the rheological, physicochemical, and sensory qualities of bread, prepared using camel milk and water, were evaluated. The increase in the camel milk content resulted in the significant increase in the protein, oil, and ash contents of bread and a decrease in the carbohydrate content. The protein content was increased from 11.95% (100% water) to 14.01% (100% camel milk). The use of camel milk resulted in the progressive increase in the content of two essential fatty acids, α-linolenic acid and linoleic acid ( P &lt; 0.05 ; maximum increase: 1.65% and 20.9%, resp.). The rheological properties of bread (peak viscosity, gelatinisation temperature, and water absorption capacity) could be improved using camel milk. However, reduced dough stability and peak viscosity–temperature were also observed. The increase in the water absorption capacity from 61% to 67% indicated that the supplemented dough was more suitable than the original dough for preparing bread. The physical properties of bread prepared using camel milk (30%) and water (70%) were better than the properties of the control bread sample. Improved sensory attributes were observed under these formulation conditions. Bread containing ≥70% camel milk received lower sensory scores. The results indicated that the use of the formulation consisting of camel milk (30%) and water (70%) could enhance the nutritional value of bread without significantly affecting the acceptability. The results can provide a platform for extending the application of camel milk, primarily used to produce fermented milk, in the food industry. It could be potentially used to address the global problem of acute malnutrition.

Different Methods For Testing The Microbial Effects Of Camel's Milk Against Some Pathogenic Bacteria

Overuse of antibiotics is causing some bacteria to become resistant to antibiotics, in addition to their price hikes. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the effect of camel milk as a safe natural product to overcome the pathogens caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella typhi and to test their effect on them by several ways, in vivo, in vitro, and in histology. In addition to the use of an electron microscope, 48 rats were used and they were divided into eight groups, the first group was considered a negative control. For two consecutive weeks, the second group gets the milk. And by intraperitoneal injection of E. coli and S. aureus group 3 and 4, respectively. Group 5 supplemented the infection by oral administration of Salmonella typhi The sixth, seventh and eighth groups were supplemented with camel milk for two consecutive weeks, then intraperitoneal injection of either E. coli or S. aureus and Salmonella typhi bacteria by mouth, and the spleen was collected after 3 weeks to isolate the bacteria. The isolation rate of S. aureus, E coli, and Salmonella typhi was higher in rats in groups 3, 4, and 5 compared to groups 6, 7, and 8 and with milk diluents (10-100). By the agar diffusion method used to test for antibacterial efficacy, 80% dilution achieved the best result, and by using a transmission electron microscope to detect damage to the bacterial cell wall and disturbance in the cellular protein content. The results indicate that camel milk has an effect on the internal structure and cell wall also in the pathological anatomy. It was found that the pathogenic bacteria had fewer effects in the liver and kidneys in the groups treated with camel milk compared to the groups infected with bacteria only, and therefore we conclude that the camel milk Promising anti-bacterial properties.

Effect of camel milk in comparison with cow milk on blood glucose and lipid profile in patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized clinical trial

Context: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a common metabolic disorder. In traditional medicine, camel milk has been used in the treatment of some of diseases such as diabetes. The studies on effect of camel milk on glycemic control are limited and contradictory. Aims: The effect of camel milk on blood glucose and lipids in T2DM patients and compare it with the control group. Setting and Design: This case-controlled clinical trial study was performed in the endocrinology clinic in Iran.Materials and Methods: 50 patients with T2DM were allocated into two groups. 25 participants in the intervention group consumed 500 ml camel milk and 25 participants in the control group consumed 500 ml cow milk daily for 8 weeks. Weight, fasting blood sugar (FBS), total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG) were measured at the baseline and end of intervention. Statistical Analysis Used: Data were analyzed using SPSS v.16, independent t-test and analysis of covariance. Results: Mean of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and TG concentration was significantly decreased in the camel milk group at the end of the study (P < 0.05). There was an increase in HbA1c in the cow's milk group, while the TG was not changed in this group. No significant differences were shown in weight, FBS, and TC at the end of the study in comparison with baseline values in any of the two groups. Conclusion: Camel milk can improve glycemic control according to HbA1c index. It might contribute to decreasing TG level in patients with T2DM.

Antioxidant Effect of Camel Milk on Acute Alcoholic Liver Injury in Mice

Antioxidant Effect of Camel Milk on Acute Alcoholic Liver Injury in Mice

Camel milk regulates T‐cell proliferation to alleviate dextran sodium sulphate‐induced colitis in mice

SummaryThe incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is increasing in China. Current clinical methods of treatment for IBD are accompanied by side effects, and thus, the search for effective therapeutic drugs with minimal adverse effects is necessary. In the present study, the effects of camel milk (CM) on dextran sodium sulphate (DSS)‐induced acute and chronic colitis in a mouse model were investigated. The results showed CM effectively alleviated the injury induced by DSS to the colon mucosa and imbalance of immune cells in mice. However, treatment with CM significantly increased the body weight of mice and decreased the disease activity index (DAI), histopathological score, proliferation of Th17 cells and concentration of inflammatory cytokine IL‐17. The results from the present study indicate CM possesses intestinal protective effects.

Cytotoxic potential of camel whey and milk on cervix cancer (HeLa) cell line

Camel milk is an important nutritional source that historically been used in the treatment of cancer. Therefore, the main aim of the present study is to determine the in vitro anticancer effect of both camel milk and whey against cervix cancer (HeLa) cells. To perform that, skimmed milk as well as whey immunoglobulins concentrate samples were prepared at different concentrations (0, 1, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 mg/ml). Then, the in vitro effect of the prepared concentrations on HeLa cells morphology and growth was investigated by tissue culture technique. Moreover, the anticancer activity of camel milk and whey against HeLa cells was estimated by the 3-[4, 5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl]-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The obtained results displayed that both camel milk and whey reduced the viability of HeLa cells specially at 7.5 and 10 mg/ml. In addition, the viability of treated HeLa cells reduced after addition of both camel milk and whey to approximately 15% in a concentration dependent manner. In conclusion, this study showed the in vitro cytotoxic effect of camel milk and whey as they inhibited the growth of HeLa cells.&#x0D; Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2019, 5(3): 231-236

Effect of camel milk on glycaemic control and lipid profile of patients with type 2 diabetes: Randomised controlled clinical trial

Traditionally, camel milk has been prescribed for diabetes, possibly due to content of insulin-like molecules. In this clinical trial, 40 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who used long-acting insulin analogues were randomly assigned into two groups and received 500 mL of raw camel or cow milk daily for three months. Fasting blood sugar decreased significantly in the camel milk group compared with that in the cow milk group. A significant reduction (P ˂ 0.05) in HbA1c was observed in both groups (camel milk, −3.0 ± 2.0%; cow milk, −1.9 ± 2.6%). The dose of insulin required was decreased in patients that received camel milk (13.7%). Total cholesterol significantly decreased in the cow milk group in comparison with the camel milk group. Insulin resistance and other serum lipids showed no statistical differences between the two groups. Camel milk could be effective for glycaemic control in T2DM patients using long-acting insulin.

Ameliorate the effect of camel milk on obesity in male albino rats

Ameliorate the effect of camel milk on obesity in male albino rats

HYPOLIPIDEMIC AND ANTIOXIDANT EFFECTS OF CAMEL MILK IN HIGH FAT DIET FED HYPERLIPIDEMIC RATS

Milk is a rich and complete nutritive food provided by nature. The present study, reports the hypolipidemic and antioxidant effects of camel milk supplementation in the management of hyperlipidemia associated with obesity. Rats were rendered obese by feeding them with a high-fat diet for eight weeks to induce hyperlipidemia. The supplementation of camel milk as shown by atherogenic index, and a battery of biochemical markers of oxidative stress, lipid profile, antioxidant vitamins, markedly improved and ameliorated hyperlipidemia in rats. It also significantly (p&lt;0.05) lowered the elevated levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, creatinine, and urea. The data provided evidence supporting the beneficial effect of camel milk on hyperlipidemia associated with obesity. The study assumes significance because of the fact that hyperlipidemia is associated with metabolic syndrome that leads to the development of chronic inflammatory diseases such as diabetes and atherosclerosis.&#x0D; Keywords: Antioxidant; hypolipidemia; Camel milk; Obesity; High-Fat Diet; chronic inflammatory diseases

Camel Milk Mitigates Hemato-Immunotoxic Impacts of Fenpropathrin Oral Intoxication in Male Rat

Our study was done to investigate the hematological and immune related impacts of fenpropathrin (FNP) pyrethroid in male rats and to assess the mitigating effect of camel milk (CM). Sixty male rats were randomly separated into six equal groups (n=10). 1st control (C), 2nd corn oil (CO), 3rd camel milk (CM) groups were orally gavaged physiological saline, CO, and CM respectively at doses of 2ml/rat for 60 days. 4th (FNP treated); orally received FNP 7.06 mg/kg B.wt., 5th (CM+FNP pro/ co treated; received CM two weeks prior to and along with FNP), and 6th (FNP + CM co treated; received FNP followed by CM) day after day by the same previous doses, route, and duration. FNP intoxication significantly decreased RBC counts, HCT, MCHC, Hb content, phagocytosis %, phagocytic index, serum lysozyme activity, and IgM levels. FNP significantly increased leukogram, platelet count, TNFα and IL6. CM significantly attenuates the altered indices more significantly in the (CM+FNP pro/co treated) group than the (FNP+CM co treated) group. Spleen tissues of FNP treated rats revealed marked atrophy and hypocellularity of the lymphocytic follicles with apoptosis and necrosis of the lymphoied eliments. Furthermore; marked atrophy of thymic cortex with delination of cortex and medulla with multifocal lymphocytic deplation. It is concluded that CM significantly mitigates FNP induced alterations in hematological and immune related indices in male rats.

Anticancer Activity of Camel Milk via Induction of Autophagic Death in Human Colorectal and Breast Cancer Cells

Background/Objective:Camel milk is traditionally known for its human health benefits and believed to be a remedy for various human ailments including cancer. The study was aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effects of commercially available camel milk on cancer cells and its underlying mechanism(s).Materials and Methods:Two cell lines: colorectal cancer HCT 116 and breast cancer MCF-7 were cultured with different doses of camel milk. The effects of camel milk on cell death were determined by MTT assay, viability by trypan blue exclusion assay and migration by in vitro scratch assay. The mechanism was elucidated by western blotting and confocal microscopy was used to confirm autophagy.Results:Camel milk significantly reduced proliferation, viability as well as migration of both the cells. The accumulation of LC3-II protein along with reduction in expression of p62 and Atg 5-12, the autophagy proteins implied induction of autophagy. The (GFP)-LC3 puncta detected by confocal microscopy confirmed the autophagosome formation in response to camel milk treatment.Conclusion:Camel milk exerted antiproliferative effects on human colorectal HCT 116 and breast MCF-7 cancer cells by inducing autophagy.

Protective effects of camel milk and vitamin E against monosodium glutamate induced biochemical and testicular dysfunctions

Objective: The current study was outlined to examine the protective effects of camel milk (CM) against the deleterious effects induced by monosodium glutamate (MSG). Methods: MSG was administered either alone or in combination with camel milk or vitamin E for 4 weeks. Serum and testicular tissues were examined using semiquantitative RT-PCR analysis. Results: CM normalized the decrease in serum levels of testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), sperm profiles and testicular antioxidant activities that were decreased by MSG. At the molecular levels, MSG down-regulated the mRNA expression of steroidogenesis related genes and receptors of androgen, LH and follicle stimulating hormone. MSG induced testicular apoptosis. All altered genes were normalized and upregulated in presence of CM when compared to the effect of Vit. E. Conclusions: The usage of camel milk as a therapy against MSG used in food industry is very indicative and protective.