Effect Of Annealing Process Research Articles

Effect of Annealing Process on the Morphological, Optical and Electrical Properties of Cu:MnO Films Prepared by PLD Technique

In this study, Nd:YAG laser pulses with a wavelength of 1064 nm, a power of 500 mJ, a pulse width of 9 ns, and a repetition frequency of 6 Hz were used to hit a manganese oxide (MnO) target surface 300 times. Pure MnO and copper Cu-doped MnO (Cu:MnO) with different amounts of Cu (0.03, 0.05, 0.07, and 0.09 wt%) produced by PLD were studied. Cu:MnO thin films were annealed at 473 K, and their morphological, optical, and electrical characteristics were studied. The results of the atomic force microscopic (AFM) investigation of morphological properties showed that Cu dopant impacted the creation of roughness and particle size in MnO2 films. The optical transmission was examined using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The highest optical absorption was noted at 0.09 dopant content. The dielectric constants' real (εr) and imaginary (εi) components, as well as the extinction coefficient (k), refractive index (n), and other optical constants, were studied. At an annealing temperature of (473 K), Hall effect studies demonstrate that all produced films exhibit a P-type conductivity.

Effect of Annealing Process on Interface Behavior of Al/Zn Laminated Composites

Laminated metal composites have attracted more attention due to their ultra-high strength, fracture toughness and elongation, full considerations of each component, and coordinated deformation effect between interfaces. Herein, Zn and Al were selected as the component materials to prepare Al/Zn laminated composite plates using hot rolling and low temperature annealing, and studied the influence of the thickness of the diffusion layer at the interface to understand the reason for the strengthening and toughening mechanism. The results show that, with an increase in annealing temperature and time, the grain will recover and recrystallize to grow. A diffusion layer with a certain thickness formed at the interface due to the mutual diffusion of Al and Zn atoms at the interface. As annealing time and temperature increase, the yield and tensile strengths first increased and then decreased. The tensile fracture morphology showeds many deep dimples. In the rolling state, the micro-hardness value at the interface was between Al and Zn.

Effect of Annealing Process and Molecular Weight on the Polymorphic Transformation from Form II to Form I of Poly(1-butene).

Poly(1-butene) (PB-1) resin has excellent mechanical properties, outstanding creep resistance, environmental stress crack resistance and other excellent properties. However, PB-1 resin experiences a crystal transformation for a period, which seriously affects the production efficiency and directly restricts its large-scale commercial production and application. The factors affecting the crystal transformation of PB-1 are mainly divided into external and internal factors. External factors include crystallization temperature, thermal history, nucleating agent, pressure, solvent induction, etc., and internal factors include chain length, copolymerization composition, isotacticity, its distribution, etc. In this study, to avoid the interference of molecular weight distribution on crystallization behavior, five PB-1 samples with narrow molecular weight distribution (between 1.09 and 1.44) and different molecular weights (from 23 to 710 k) were chosen to research the influence of temperature and time in the step-by-step annealing process and molecular weight on the crystal transformation by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). When the total annealing time was the same, the step-by-step annealing process can significantly accelerate the rate of transformation from crystal form II to I. PB-1 samples with different molecular weights have the same dependence on annealing temperature, and the optimal nucleation temperature (i.e., low annealing temperature, Tl) and growth temperature (i.e., high annealing temperature, Th) were -10 °C and 40 °C, respectively. At these two temperatures, the crystal form I obtained by step-by-step annealing had the highest content; other lower or higher annealing temperatures would reduce the rate of crystal transformation. When the annealing temperature was the same, crystal form I first increased with annealing time tl, then gradually reached a plateau, but the time to reach a plateau was different. The crystalline form I contents of the samples with lower molecular weight increased linearly with annealing time th. However, the crystalline form I contents of the samples with higher molecular weight increased rapidly with annealing time th at the beginning, and then transformation speed from form II to form I slowed down, which implied that controlling Tl/tl and Th/th can tune the different contents of form I and form II. At the same Tl/tl or Th/th, with increasing molecular weight, the transformation speed from form II to form I via the step-by-step annealing process firstly increased and then slowed down due to the competition of the number of linked molecules and molecular chain mobility during crystallization. This study definitely provides an effective method for accelerating the transformation of poly(1-butene) crystal form, which not only has important academic significance, but also has vital industrial application.

Effect of Annealing Process on the Microstructure and Texture of Cold-Rolled High-Purity Al-0.5%Cu Plates.

As a kind of typical high stacking fault energy materials, recrystallization behavior of high purity Al-0.5%Cu alloy is significantly influenced by the annealing process. In this study, different heating rate, target temperature, and holding time were discovered to have profound impact on the microstructures and textures of Al-0.5%Cu plates. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were utilized for analyzing the evolution of the microstructure and texture in the subsequent microstructural characterization. Vickers hardness tests were employed for measuring hardness of specimens. The results showed that no obvious recrystallization was observed at lower temperature and the composition of texture influenced by rising temperature, heating rate affected initial recrystallization temperature, grain size, and strength of textures. After recrystallizing completely, the size of microstructures and the distribution of textures had little change with the extension of holding time.

Effect of Annealing Process on the Structural, Morphological, Optical and Electrical Properties of the Ordered Vacancy Compound CuIn3Se5 Thin Films

Effect of Annealing Process on the Structural, Morphological, Optical and Electrical Properties of the Ordered Vacancy Compound CuIn3Se5 Thin Films

Effect of Annealing Process on Microstructure and Electrical Conductivity of Cold-Rolled Ti Microalloyed Conductive Steel

Effect of Annealing Process on Microstructure and Electrical Conductivity of Cold-Rolled Ti Microalloyed Conductive Steel

Effect of Annealing Process on the Dielectric and Tunable Properties of (Bi1.5Zn0.5)(Nb0.5Ti1.5)O7(BZNT) Thin Film

Bi1.5Zn0.5Nb0.5Ti1.5O7 (BZNT) thin films were deposited on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates by radio frequency (rf) magnetron sputtering. In this paper, by studying the phase structure, surface morphology, and dielectric properties of BZNT films, it is found that by increasing the initial temperature in the annealing process, the film formation quality, internal stress and dielectric properties of the film can be improved. and the best performance of the BZNT film is obtained under the annealing process at the initial temperature of 500°C. The tuning amount (Tu), Dielectric loss (Loss) and quality factor (FOM) are: 13.55 percent, 0.00298 and 45.46, respectively.

Effect of Annealing Process on Microstructure and Tensile Properties of TC16 Titanium Alloy after Rapid Heat Treatment

TC16 titanium alloy is a martensite α+β two-phase high strength titanium alloy, which can improve its structure and enhance properties through heat treatment. Effect of annealing process on microstructure and tensile properties of TC16 titanium alloy was investigated using optical microscope, scanning electron microscope and universe tensile test machine. The results show that when annealed at 720°C for 4h then furnace cooling to ambient temperature, the tensile strength of the TC16 alloy reaches nearly 900MPa,the elongation reaches 19.6% and the reduction of area reaches 65%, which present a good comprehensive performance.

Effect of Annealing Process on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties in Microalloyed Medium Manganese Steel

The effects of annealing conditions on microstructure evolution and strengthening mechanisms are investigated based on microalloyed medium manganese steel. The diffusion of C and Mn atoms is altered with increase in annealing temperatures or annealing time. Microstructure and mechanical properties are studied. It is found that the retained austenite generated by the reverse transformation of martensite is used to improve the strength and ductility during the intercritical temperature region. The total elongation (TE) is related to the fraction and stability of retained austenite. High strength is also obtained when there is almost no retained austenite below Ac1 temperature.

The Effect of Annealing Process and Mold Variations to Failure Time of CuznCast Alloy by Dynamic Load

The Effect of Annealing Process and Mold Variations to Failure Time of CuznCast Alloy by Dynamic Load

Effect of Annealing Process on Microstructure, Texture, and Mechanical Properties of a Fe-Si-Cr-Mo-C Deep Drawing Dual-Phase Steel

Dual phase steel generally has poor deep drawing property with a low r value less than 1.0, making it difficult to be used for deep drawing automotive parts. In order to improve the mechanical properties of the steel through heat treatment, effect of heat treatments with different conditions on a Fe-Si-Cr-Mo-C deep drawing dual-phase steel was investigated with the aim of identifying effective heat treatment parameters for effective modification towards optimal properties. Relevant thermal dilation and heat treatment experiments were performed. Corresponding characters were investigated. The results show that island martensite can be obtained at low cooling rate. With the increase of cooling rate, the formation of pearlite and bainite is favored. During annealing at low temperatures, recrystallization of the steel is incomplete with the presence of the shear bands. With the increase of annealing temperature, the recrystallization process is gradually complete, and the number of high angle grain boundaries increases significantly. The ratio of gamma orientation components to alpha orientation components decreases first and then increases with the increase of annealing temperature. The strain hardening exponent and r value show an upward trend with respect to annealing temperature, and the r value is as high as 1.15.

Effect of Annealing Process on Magnetic Properties, Structures and Coercivity Mechanism in Nanocrystalline Pr8Dy1Fe60Co7M3Ni3B14Zr1Ti3 Alloy Ribbons

Effect of Annealing Process on Magnetic Properties, Structures and Coercivity Mechanism in Nanocrystalline Pr₈Dy₁Fe₆₀Co₇M₃Ni₃B₁₄Zr₁Ti₃ Alloy Ribbons

Effects of Annealing Process on the WO3 Thin Films Prepared by Pulsed Laser Deposition

This work presents a study of the effect of annealing temperature on the optical and structural properties of WO3 that has been deposited by Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) method at 300°C on the rules of glass and indicates the effect of annealing temperatures 350, 450 and 550°C for one hour on those properties. The results of X-Ray diffraction showed all the films prepared with the installation of multi-crystalline tetragonal and directional prevalent (010) for all models after annealing. The annealing led to an increase in the grain size. Full width at half maximum FWHM values of the (010) peaks of these films decreased from 1.492° to 1.064° with increasing annealing temperature, and the highest value of the specific surface area was 63 m2/gm. The natural structure of the WO3 nanoparticles films were studied by using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), it revealed that the average grain size increased with increasing of annealing temperature from 46.57 to 485.1nm. The optical features of the films were studied by Photoluminescence PL, the results gave one emission peaks located at 437 nm, and there was a red shift when the annealing temperatures were increased.

Effect of Annealing Process on Mechanical and Microstructural Properties of Al6061/Cu and Al/6063/Cu Cladding Materials Fabricated by the Caliber-Rolling Process.

Al6061/Cu and Al6063/Cu cladding materials have been produced by the caliber-rolling process at 298 K. The prepared specimen was post-annealed at a temperature of 773 K for various time durations, and the effects of annealing conditions have been investigated. Vickers hardness of Al6061, Al6063 and Cu decreases as annealing time decreases; however, that of the interface between Al alloys and Cu increases with an annealing time of 1 h, and then decreases as annealing time increases further. The growth of a diffusion layer in Al6063/Cu is larger than that in Al6061/Cu, because the activation energy in the Al6063/Cu is lower than that in Al6061/Cu during the annealing process. Cracking of the diffusion layer occurs by annealing for extended periods of time in both materials, which contributes to the decrease in hardness.

Effect of Annealing Process on Microstructure of SiC-Mg Mixture Powder

Silicon carbide (SiC) is widely used in structural and functional materials [1-4]. Metals are widely used as additives in sintering SiC ceramic..

Effect of Annealing Process on the Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of AZ31B/A356 Composite Plate Fabricated by Cast Rolling

The effect of annealing process on the microstructures and mechanical properties of Mg/Al composite plates fabricated by cast-rolling was investigated in this study. The results show that the interfacial transition zone can be divided into three regions: a Mg transition region, an Al transition region, and an intermediate region, respectively. The microhardness of the interfacial transition zone is higher than that of AZ31B and A356.When the annealing temperature is 250 oC, the thermodynamic and kinetic conditions required for the formation of new intermetallic compounds have been met. While, for an annealing temperature at, or above, 300 oC, the width of the interfacial transition zone, annealing temperature, and time follow model: ∆X2=2.07×104exp−60407RTt−11.54exp21211RT. The shear strength reaches a maximum value of 116 MPa when the annealing temperature is 200 oC. Cleavage fracture occurs at the side of the AZ31B alloy and quasi-cleavage fracture at the side of the A356 alloy.

Effect of Annealing Process on Properties of Ferritic Ductile Iron for Subway

In order to improve the comprehensive mechanical properties of the commonly used ductile iron QT400-18, the microstructure of the ductile iron in the cast state was improved by optimizing the heat treatment process, thereby improving its comprehensive mechanical properties. The mechanical properties of the heat-treated samples at different annealing rates were tested, and the microstructures of the samples were observed. Furthermore, the influence of different heat treatment processes on the mechanical properties was analyzed. The results indicated that the mechanical properties and tissue properties of ductile iron QT400-18 were significantly improved after heat treatment. With the increase of annealing rate, the spheroidization effect, low temperature impact toughness and elongation showed a tendency to increase first and then decrease, while the strength and hardness decrease. The microstructure and mechanical properties of ductile cast iron were optimal at annealing rate of 70 °C/h. According to the national standards and actual requirements of subway products, the annealing rate of 110 °C/h or 150 °C/h could also be chosen to improve production efficiency on the premise of meeting the performance requirements.

Effects of Annealing Process on Mechanical Properties of Weather-Resistant Steel Welding Joints

In this paper, the mechanical properties of Q355NH resistant steel welded joints are studied. Through the analysis of mechanical properties of welded joints, the results showed that the tensile strength of the welded joints decreased after annealing and the elongation increased. The impact test results of tensile specimens before and after annealing showed that the impact energy of the weld area increased greatly after annealing, while the impact energy of the heat affected zone changed little. Furtherly, fatigue strength of specimens before and after annealing was compared, and the results showed that under the condition of high cycle fatigue, the un-annealed specimens were broken and the fracture position was located on the parent metal, whereas the annealed specimens did not break.

Effects of Annealing Process on Crystallization and Low Temperature Resistance Properties of PP-R Composites

The effects of the annealing process on the mechanical properties and crystallization behaviors of polypropylene random copolymer (PP-R) composites were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The experimental results indicated that the annealing process significantly influenced the comprehensive properties of PP-R composites. At temperatures below 23 °C, the impact strength of the PP-R composites annealed at 120 °C for 6 h was relatively high at 74.73 kJ/m2, which was 16.8% higher than that of the samples annealed at 80 °C for 6 h. At low temperatures (-30-0 °C), the impact strength ranged from approximately 13.31 kJ/m2 to 54.4 kJ/m2. In addition, the annealing process conducted at 120 °C for 6 h improved the crystalline structure and low-temperature toughness of the PP-R composites and induced α-form to β-form crystal transformation. The work provides a possible method to reinforce and toughen the semicrystalline polymer at low temperatures (-30-0 °C) by annealing.

Effect of Annealing Process on the Mechanical Properties of X70 Pipeline Steel

The influence of the mechanical properties of X70 pipeline steel under different annealing temperature was studied. The corresponding microstructure was investigated by the Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy. The results showed that the yield strength and the tensile strength both experienced from rise to decline with the increase of annealing temperature. The grain sizes were coarse and a large amount of cementite precipitated due to preserving temperature above 550 °, which induced matrix fragmentation and deteriorate the -10 ° DWTT Toughness. There were little changes on the microstructure and mechanical properties when the annealing temperature was under 500 °.