Effect Of Alcohol Addition Research Articles

One-pot methanolysis of poly(ethylene terephthalate) enabled by isopropanol-assisted CO2 hydrogenation

BackgroundRecently the plastic pollution and CO2 emission have both become critical issues to be addressed for the sake of a sustainable and carbon-neutral society. To cope with these imminent issues, it is imperative to develop new processes to recycle and reutilize the waste plastics and CO2 produced by anthropogenic activities. MethodsIn this study, the chemical recycling of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) was conducted via a one-pot process, in which PET was degraded into dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) and ethylene glycol (EG) by methanol (MeOH) that was in-situ produced by CO2 hydrogenation over the Cu/ZnO catalyst. The effect of alcohol addition on the one-pot PET methanolysis was investigated in an attempt to enhance the MeOH and DMT yields. Significant findingsOur results reveal that the added isopropanol (i-PrOH) could act as a catalytic solvent to boost the PET degradation (from 31.9% to 63.1% PET conversion) with a high DMT selectivity (92.7%) from the CO2-H2-PET system. Such high DMT selectivity is attributed to the limited PET alcoholysis and DMT transesterification ability of i-PrOH. These findings demonstrate that the one-pot PET methanolysis enabled by i-PrOH-assisted CO2 hydrogenation is a promising approach to valorize waste PET and CO2 simultaneously with a high efficiency.

Effect of Temperature and Alcohol on the Determination of Critical Micelle Concentration of Non- Ionic Surfactants in Magnetic Water

The determination of critical micelle concentration of selected non-ionic surfactants (Tween 20,40 and 80) have been investigated using magnetic water(MW)as an aqueous medium.Conductometry technique is used to determine critical micelle concentration.The effect of alcohol addition and temperature variation at the range(293.15 -303.15K) are also pursued. It is concluded that the process of micellization is spontaneous and endothermic because of the observed free energy of micellization (ΔGom) , enthalpy change of micellization (ΔHom), and entropy change of micellization (ΔSom) for the system was also studied.The properties of the non-ionic surfactants were studied, both in absence and presence of alcohol. The results obtained were explained in light of hydrophobic-hydrophilic interactions and chain length of alcohol.The temperature change has slight effect on the micellization process. .

Effect of alcohol addition on the structure and corrosion resistance of plasma electrolytic oxidation films formed on AZ31B magnesium alloy.

The effect of the addition of alcohol to a Na3PO4-based electrolyte on plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) of AZ31B magnesium alloy was investigated. Anodization with spark discharge was conducted in Na3PO4-based electrolyte containing various alcohols (e.g., ethanol, ethylene glycol, and glycerol) at a constant current density of 200 A m−2 and a constant temperature of 25 °C. Voltage–time curves during the PEO process, the film structure, surface roughness, crystallographic structure, composition, corrosion resistance, and withstand voltage were investigated using various analytical equipment and electrochemical measurements. When the electrolyte containing alcohol was used, the initial bending voltage was higher than that observed using the basic electrolyte without alcohol addition, as was the oscillation voltage during the PEO process. For a given amount of electricity supplied, the addition of alcohol into the basic electrolyte tended to increase the thickness and corrosion resistance of PEO films formed while effectively reducing surface roughness. In particular, the addition of a polyhydric alcohol (i.e., ethylene glycol and glycerol) could act not only as a leveler for the formation of compact film but also as an enhancer for film qualities, such as corrosion resistance and withstand voltage. The patterns observed for Na3PO4-based electrolyte containing alcohol also hold for Na2SiO3-based electrolyte containing alcohol.

Effect of Alcohol Additives on the Plate-Out Oil Film in Cold Rolling and Its Molecular Dynamics Simulations

In order to meet the demands of modern rolling technology, improve productivity, and control oil consumption, flexible lubrication control has been more and more important. In this study, a new method to control the plate-out oil film formation has been proposed and clarified by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Four alcohol additives are added, namely, propanetriol, 1,2-propanediol, ethylene glycol, and n-propanol; the oil-in-water emulsions display different plate-out behavior with the amount of plate-out film following the order of propanetriol1,2-propanediolethylene glycoln-propanol. The adsorption mechanism, the MD simulation of the flat membrane layer, the mean square displacement (MSD), and the cohesive energy are used to elucidate the relevant mechanism of the additive on the precipitation characteristic. The results show that the capacity of aggregation of oil droplets on the formed film takes the dominant role in the plate-out film formation with different alcohol additives, which is helpful in guiding flexible controllability of plate-out behavior as well as lubrication conditions.

Effect of alcohol addition on properties of argon atmospheric nonthermal plasma jet

Atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) has been applied in various fields such as environmental and biological fields. In this work, the effect of alcohol addition on APPJ was studied. The plasma heat flux onto aluminum was investigated for atmospheric pressure plasma jet with pure argon or argon-ethanol mixture. The electrical characterization of plasma jet and the Lissajous figures, which are used to measure the power consumption, are both determined by high voltage probe. Furthermore, optical emission for using pure argon plasma is compared to that for argon-ethanol mixture plasma.

Effects of alcohol addition on decay of sonoluminescence intensity

Effects of alcohol addition on decay of sonoluminescence intensity

Freeze‐cast yttria‐stabilized zirconia pore networks: Effects of alcohol additives

AbstractFreeze casting yttria‐stabilized zirconia (YSZ) can be useful in making electrodes for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) by introducing hierarchical porosity to increase triple‐phase boundary (TPB) area while maintaining adequate fuel flow. In this study the influence of alcohol additives on pore structure of aqueous YSZ freeze‐cast samples was investigated. Slurries with ethanol, iso‐propyl alcohol, or methanol as additives were compared to a control sample. Pore characteristics along sample lengths were measured using X‐ray computed tomography reconstructions. The control sample showed significant changes in pore size along sample length, whereas pore size of the alcohol additive samples remained similar, indicating that freezing rates of the additive samples remained constant during solidification. Ice lens formation and interactions between alcohols and slurry functional additives (dispersant, surfactant, and binder) resulted in complex pore structures which show promise in increasing SOFC TPB area.

5-1-5 エマルジョン燃料の乳化構造と物性に対するアルコール添加の影響(5-1 燃焼・微粒化,Session5 燃焼・微粒化,研究発表)

5-1-5 エマルジョン燃料の乳化構造と物性に対するアルコール添加の影響(5-1 燃焼・微粒化,Session5 燃焼・微粒化,研究発表)

5-2-5 エマルジョン燃料におけるアルコール混入の効果 : 伝熱特性への影響(5-2 燃焼,Session 5 燃焼・微粒化,研究発表)

5-2-5 エマルジョン燃料におけるアルコール混入の効果 : 伝熱特性への影響(5-2 燃焼,Session 5 燃焼・微粒化,研究発表)

5-1-1 多成分燃料液滴の燃焼過程における二次微粒化特性 : BDF混入エマルジョンにおけるアルコール添加の影響(Session 5-1 燃焼・熱利用I)

5-1-1 多成分燃料液滴の燃焼過程における二次微粒化特性 : BDF混入エマルジョンにおけるアルコール添加の影響(Session 5-1 燃焼・熱利用I)

Experimental investigation of the impact of using alcohol- biodiesel-diesel blending fuel on combustion of single cylinder CI engine

The effect of alcohol addition has been experimentally in vestgated in the current study by blending it with diesel and palm based biodiesel on the combustion of a compression ignition engine. The experiment was run by single-cylinder, naturally aspirated, direct injection, four-stroke diesel engine. Based on the pressure-crank angle data collected from the pressure transducer and crank angle encoder, the combustion analysis such as incylinder pressure, incylinder temperature, energy release rate, cumulative energy release and ignition delay are analysed. In this comparative study, the effects of alcohols namely butanol BU20 (20% butanol addition on the commercially available diesel biodiesel emulsion) is compared and evaluated with pure diesel (D100). The results revealed that the the ignition delay for BU20 is longer as compared to that of D100 in all engine speeds and loads compared. Besides, the incylinder temperatures were rudecued with the butanol addition. The energy release rate for BU20 was higher than that for diesel, whereas the peak positions concerning the energy release rate for BU20 was discovered at 2400 rpm. Therefore addition of butanol will have positive role on the NOx emissions and stability of the engine due to its higher latent heat of vaporization.

The Effect of Alcohol Additives on the Synthesis and Properties of a Cationic Flocculant – A Copolymer of Acrylamide and N, N-Dimethylaminoethyl Methacrylate Sulphate

It was shown that additions of glycols and PEG-600 increase the rate of adiabatic radical copolymerisation of acrylamide and N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate sulphate in aqueous solutions, while the introduction of glycerin lowers the rate of this process. Use of alcohol additives improves the technology for producing the investigated copolymeric cationic flocculant.

One-Step Synthesis of Copper and Cupric Oxide Particles from the Liquid Phase by X-Ray Radiolysis Using Synchrotron Radiation

The deposition of copper (Cu) and cupric oxide (Cu4O3, Cu2O, and CuO) particles in an aqueous copper sulfate (CuSO4) solution with additive alcohol such as methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol, and ethylene glycol has been studied by X-ray exposure from synchrotron radiation. An attenuated X-ray radiation time of 5 min allows for the synthesis of Cu, Cu4O3, Cu2O, and CuO nano/microscale particles and their aggregation into clusters. The morphology and composition of the synthesized Cu/cupric oxide particle clusters were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, scanning transmission electron microscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Micro-Raman spectroscopy revealed that the clusters comprised cupric oxide core particles covered with Cu particles. Neither Cu/cupric oxide particles nor their clusters were formed without any alcohol additives. The effect of alcohol additives is attributed to the following sequential steps: photochemical reaction due to X-ray irradiation induces nucleation of the particles accompanying redox reaction and forms a cluster or aggregates by LaMer process and DLVO interactions. The procedure offers a novel route to synthesize the Cu/cupric oxide particles and aggregates. It also provides a novel additive manufacturing process or lithography of composite materials such as metal, oxide, and resin.

Comparison of the Effect of Different Alcohol Additives with Blended Fuel on Cyclic Variation in Diesel Engine

Blended biodiesel-diesel fuel approved as a commercial fuel for unmodified diesel engine in many countries up to 20% (B20). Biodiesel fuel properties have limited their application in diesel engines at high blending ratio therefore, chemical additives introduced as a vaible option to improve these properties. Hence, in the present study, the effect of alcohol additived with biodiesel-diesel blended fuel B30 on diesel engine cyclic variations was investigated with 6% of two alcohol additives (ethanol and butanol). The in-cylinder pressure analyses results reveal that the lowest coefficient of variation indicated for the blended fuel B30 without additives. Furthermore, the engine cyclic variability increases above that of diesel fuel when using alcohol additives with blended fuel B30 with higher engine cyclic variation for the blended fuel B30 with ethanol compared to butanol. The results of wavelet power spectra analysis reveal that the in-cylinder pressure variations exhibit different types of behavior varying from intermittent fluctuations for B30 without additive to strongly periodic oscillations for B30 with alcohol additives compare to that of diesel fuel. Furthermore, the global wavelet spectra show that the overall spectral power increases when using alcohol additives with the blended fuel B30, which is in agreement with the coefficient of variation results.

ChemInform Abstract: NHC‐Catalyzed One‐Pot Oxidation and Oxidative Esterification of Allylic Alcohols Using TEMPO: The Effect of Alcohol Additives.

AbstractThe oxidative esterification of allylic alcohols is described.

Effects of alcohol additives on pore structure and morphology of freeze-cast ceramics

The porous alumina ceramics with lamellar structure were fabricated successfully by freeze casting. The viscosities of alumina slurries, pore structures, porosities and mechanical properties of the sintered ceramics were investigated by introducing both types of alcohols as water solidification modifier into the initial slurries, such as ethanol and 1-propanol. With the addition of ethanol or 1-propanol, the viscosities of slurries increased and porosities of sintered ceramics decreased. The compressive strengths of the sintered porous alumina ceramics were improved due to a good connectivity between lamellae with the addition of both types of alcohols. The lowest porosities of 68.52% and 73.72% and highest compressive strengths of 18.2 MPa and 15.0 MPa were obtained by the addition of 30% ethanol in mass fraction and 1-propanol, respectively.

NHC-catalyzed one-pot oxidation and oxidative esterification of allylic alcohols using TEMPO: the effect of alcohol additives

A combination of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalysts and 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl (TEMPO) was proposed for the synthesis of allylic esters from allylic alcohols.

Use of alcoholic waste as cyclohexane oxidation

In the process of cyclohexane oxidation, we obtain a number of side compounds, including alcoholic fraction, which has no target purpose. Accordingly, the topical issue is the further use of alcohol fraction since the division of this mixture into components is a difficult and expensive process, therefore, other methods of recycling and use of this mixture are considered.Also, in this case it is possible to use such additional alcoholic waste as fusel oil, which has the structure similar to the above given alcoholic fraction, which also has no practical use. One of the possible ways to use the alcoholic fraction (fusel oil) is to add it as an additive to motor fuels as it has long been known that alcohols (in particular, ethanol) are used as additives in the production of fuels.Accordingly, the use of alcoholic waste as a new source of cetane additives for diesel fuel was proposed, and this method was considered as the possible direction of recycling of alcohol-containing waste of chemical production - fusel oil, alcoholic fraction, which implies the improvement of technoeconomic and environmental performance of production. The positive effect of alcoholic additives on the operational performance of diesel fuel was also established. It was determined that the optimal content of alcoholic additives in diesel fuel is 12 %.The obtained results indicate the possibility of the use of alcoholic waste as additives to diesel fuel.

Hydrophilic pyrazine-based phosphane ligands: synthesis and application in asymmetric hydride transfer and H2-hydrogenation of acetophenone

Pyrazine-based hydrophilic phosphanes are useful ligands for the ruthenium- and rhodium-catalyzed hydrogenations of acetophenone under hydride transfer and dihydrogen conditions. The effect of alcohol additives on the catalytic, enantioselective aqueous hydrogenation of acetophenone is examined with the newly developed (R,R)-DAMPYPHOS as the ligand and Rh2(norbornadiene)2Cl2 as the catalyst precursor, giving rise to higher conversions (up to quantitative) and improved enantiomeric excesses (up to 95%) of the formed 1-phenylethanol.

The effect of the addition of individual methyl esters on the combustion and emissions of ethanol and butanol -diesel blends

Biodiesel fuel is known to improve the properties of alcohol-diesel blends for use in compression ignition engines. In this work the effects on combustion characteristics and emissions of preselected methyl esters (i.e. biodiesel components) have been assessed. The most representative individual fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) were added to alcohol blends in order to understand the effect of carbon chain length and degree of unsaturation on combustion and emissions. The effects of alcohol addition on the properties of fuel blends were also investigated using ethanol and butanol. Relating to the physical properties, emphasis was given to both stability and lubricity of alcohol-diesel blends. The results showed that 15% of all methyl esters was enough to avoid phase separation of alcohol-diesel blends and keep the wear scar diameter of the blends below the limitation required by the lubricity standard. For combustion, the use of alcohol blends shows a clear benefit in terms of CO and soot emissions with respect to biodiesel blends with the same oxygen content. Short carbon chain length and saturated methyl esters are recommended to improve alcohol blends. Comparisons between the alcohols, show that butanol rather than ethanol produces lower CO, THC and soot emissions.