Effect Of Periodontitis Research Articles

Evaluation of serum concentrations of hs-CRP and Hb in varying severities of chronic periodontitis

Context Chronic periodontitis patients exhibit elevations in serum concentrations of c-reactive protein (CRP). Also, periodontitis can potentially contribute to reduced haemoglobin (Hb) levels leading to anaemia of chronic disease (ACD). Objective To determine whether disease severity affect CRP and Hb levels in patients with chronic periodontitis. Material and Methods Based on periodontitis severity, three groups of 50 subjects each were selected, who underwent screening for gingival index (GI), probing pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment level (CAL). Blood samples were taken to estimate the number of erythrocytes, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), packed cell volume (PCV), Hb concentration, mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) Results Mean hs-CRP levels of 0.796, 2.238, 2.886 were found in mild, moderate, and severe periodontitis groups respectively with significant intergroup differences. The differences in haematological parameters other than MCV were not significant between groups. Conclusion The possible systemic effects of periodontitis might be influenced by its severity, as evidenced by a corresponding change in the levels of systemic inflammatory markers like CRP.

The effect of periodontitis on recipient outcomes after kidney transplantation.

BackgroundRecent several reports have demonstrated that periodontitis is prevalent and adversely affects the survival in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) or end-stage kidney disease. However, its impact on transplant outcomes remains uncertain.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included 136 and 167 patients, respectively, who underwent living donor kidney transplantation (KT) at Seoul National University Hospital from July 2012 to August 2016 and Korea University Hospital from April 2008 to October 2018. We divided patients into three groups according to stages of periodontitis based on a new classification system. ResultsPatients with severe periodontitis were older, had a higher prevalence of diabetes, a higher body mass index and C-reactive protein level, a lower cardiac output, and were more likely to be smokers, indicating its association with chronic systemic inflammation. After KT, stage IV periodontitis was independently associated with a lower incidence of acute T cell-mediated rejection, suggesting the possible effect of periodontitis on immune function. However, 1-year and 3-year estimated glomerular filtration rates were not different. Among the KT recipients followed up more than 3 years, new-onset cardiovascular disease occurred in nine patients, and coronary artery disease occurred more frequently in patients with stage IV periodontitis. However, diabetes was the independent predictor of new-onset coronary artery disease in multivariate logistic regression analysis.ConclusionOur findings showed that periodontitis might be an important player in determining posttransplant outcomes in recipients. Further interventional trials to test whether treating periodontitis could modify transplant outcome are needed.

The Effect of Periodontal Disease on Quality of Life: Literature Review

Periodontitis and gingivitis poorly impact patients' function and appearance, directly affecting their Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL). Systemic problems, including poor pregnancy outcomes, cardiovascular diseases, type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM), respiratory disorders, deadly pneumonia in hemodialysis patients, chronic renal disease, and metabolic syndrome, have all been linked to periodontitis. The Medline, Pubmed, Embase, NCBI, and Cochrane databases were searched for studies o

Update on the Bidirectional Link Between Diabetes and Periodontitis.

To provide an update on the evidence on the bidirectional relationship between periodontitis and diabetes. This narrative review was focused on recent studies between 2015 and 2020. The literature search was performed on PubMed. The inclusion criteria were systematic reviews, consensus reports and controlled trials assessing the effect of diabetes on periodontitis, the effect of periodontitis on diabetes, and the influence of periodontitis non-surgical treatment on diabetes. Data concerning the influence of periodontitis on diabetes, and the influence of diabetes on periodontitis were summarized in descriptive tables. The control of hyperglycemia in the prevention of periodontitis and the control of periodontitis systemic inflammation in the prevention of diabetes, should be take into account in the treatment planning of both diseases.

Oral-Gut-Brain Axis in Experimental Models of Periodontitis: Associating Gut Dysbiosis With Neurodegenerative Diseases.

Periodontitis is considered a non-communicable chronic disease caused by a dysbiotic microbiota, which generates a low-grade systemic inflammation that chronically damages the organism. Several studies have associated periodontitis with other chronic non-communicable diseases, such as cardiovascular or neurodegenerative diseases. Besides, the oral bacteria considered a keystone pathogen, Porphyromonas gingivalis, has been detected in the hippocampus and brain cortex. Likewise, gut microbiota dysbiosis triggers a low-grade systemic inflammation, which also favors the risk for both cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Recently, the existence of an axis of Oral-Gut communication has been proposed, whose possible involvement in the development of neurodegenerative diseases has not been uncovered yet. The present review aims to compile evidence that the dysbiosis of the oral microbiota triggers changes in the gut microbiota, which creates a higher predisposition for the development of neuroinflammatory or neurodegenerative diseases.The Oral-Gut-Brain axis could be defined based on anatomical communications, where the mouth and the intestine are in constant communication. The oral-brain axis is mainly established from the trigeminal nerve and the gut-brain axis from the vagus nerve. The oral-gut communication is defined from an anatomical relation and the constant swallowing of oral bacteria. The gut-brain communication is more complex and due to bacteria-cells, immune and nervous system interactions. Thus, the gut-brain and oral-brain axis are in a bi-directional relationship. Through the qualitative analysis of the selected papers, we conclude that experimental periodontitis could produce both neurodegenerative pathologies and intestinal dysbiosis, and that periodontitis is likely to induce both conditions simultaneously. The severity of the neurodegenerative disease could depend, at least in part, on the effects of periodontitis in the gut microbiota, which could strengthen the immune response and create an injurious inflammatory and dysbiotic cycle. Thus, dementias would have their onset in dysbiotic phenomena that affect the oral cavity or the intestine. The selected studies allow us to speculate that oral-gut-brain communication exists, and bacteria probably get to the brain via trigeminal and vagus nerves.

Exosomes derived from 3D-cultured MSCs improve therapeutic effects in periodontitis and experimental colitis and restore the Th17 cell/Treg balance in inflamed periodontium

Although mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-exos) have been shown to have therapeutic effects in experimental periodontitis, their drawbacks, such as low yield and limited efficacy, have hampered their clinical application. These drawbacks can be largely reduced by replacing the traditional 2D culture system with a 3D system. However, the potential function of MSC-exos produced by 3D culture (3D-exos) in periodontitis remains elusive. This study showed that compared with MSC-exos generated via 2D culture (2D-exos), 3D-exos showed enhanced anti-inflammatory effects in a ligature-induced model of periodontitis by restoring the reactive T helper 17 (Th17) cell/Treg balance in inflamed periodontal tissues. Mechanistically, 3D-exos exhibited greater enrichment of miR-1246, which can suppress the expression of Nfat5, a key factor that mediates Th17 cell polarization in a sequence-dependent manner. Furthermore, we found that recovery of the Th17 cell/Treg balance in the inflamed periodontium by the local injection of 3D-exos attenuated experimental colitis. Our study not only showed that by restoring the Th17 cell/Treg balance through the miR-1246/Nfat5 axis, the 3D culture system improved the function of MSC-exos in the treatment of periodontitis, but also it provided a basis for treating inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) by restoring immune responses in the inflamed periodontium.

Risk of coronary heart disease in patients with periodontitis among the middled-aged and elderly in China: a cohort study

BackgroundConvincing evidence of the periodontitis as a risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD) is lacking due to shared risk factors, and no cohort study has investigated the association between CHD and periodontitis in Chinese populations.MethodsThis study used a prospective cohort study design. The analysis included 4591 participants aged 40 years and older (3146 men and 1445 women). The association between CHD and periodontitis was estimated using relative risk (RR) calculated using modified Poisson regression. Multiple mediation analysis was used to differentiate the relative effects (RE) from different risk factors on the effect of periodontitis on CHD.ResultsIn the analysis using the imputed dataset and fully adjusted model, participants with periodontitis at baseline had 37% increased risk of CHD overall compared to those without periodontitis at baseline (RR 1.37; 95% CI 0.96–1.95). Most of the association can be explained by age, sex, history of diabetes, history of hypertension, uric acid and education (RE 0.76; 95% CI 0.41–1.02).ConclusionPeriodontitis was weakly associated with an increased risk of CHD among the middled-aged and elderly in China. Further studies are required to identify more mediators and elucidate the mechanisms of how periodontitis increases the risk of CHD.

Evolving paradigms in the field of periodontal medicine: A review

The association between the oral and systemic health has been a matter of discussion since the focal infection theory of the early 20century. This field has evolved with supportable evidence linking poor periodontal status with systemic diseases and extensive research on this complex relationship has given rise to new field of “Periodontal Medicine.” Although the evidence base is quite large on the impact of systemic disorders on periodontium but a smaller but growing evidence base supports an association between poor periodontal health and systemic diseases. Moreover, today’s era of evidence-based medicine and dentistry provides an excellent environment to examine the possible relationships between oral infection and systemic disorders. Therefore, the purpose of writing this review article is to understand the underlying pathophysiology between periodontal health and systemic health with particular focus on the effects of periodontal disease on systemic outcomes.

Effect of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis in the role of periodontitis on vascular calcification in a rat model.

The present study aimed to investigate the mechanism(s) through which endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)-induced apoptosis, in the role of periodontitis, affects vascular calcification. Rat models of periodontitis, vascular calcification, periodontitis-vascular calcification, and a normal group were established. Cardiovascular tissues were obtained, and hematoxylin-eosin staining was applied to demonstrate the morphological changes in vascular tissues. Immunohistochemical staining was applied to analyze apoptosis in cardiovascular tissues. The expression levels of apoptotic factor cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 3 (Caspase-3), ERS-induced apoptotic factors glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), 94 (GRP94), and ERS-induced apoptosis pathways Caspase-12, C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) were analyzed and compared. Hematoxylin-eosin staining revealed that the arterial layers in the normal group were structurally intact. The structural damage to the aortic wall gradually aggravated from the periodontitis group to the vascular calcification group to the combined group. The immunohistochemistry results showed Caspase-3, GRP78, GRP94, and ERS-induced apoptosis pathways in the cardiovascular tissues cells in the periodontitis group, vascular calcification group, and combined group. The Caspase-3, GRP78, GRP94, and CHOP expression levels in the combined group were significantly higher than that in the normal group (P < 0.05); however, the Capase-12 and JNK expression levels in the four groups exhibited no significant differences (P > 0.05). Apoptosis induced by ERS is involved in the effect of periodontitis on vascular calcification and might be mainly achieved through the activation of the CHOP transcription pathway.

Effect of periodontal disease on oxidative stress markers in patients with atherosclerosis

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of periodontal inflammation on oxidative stress in patients with atherosclerosis by considering serum and saliva total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI). In the study, there were 4 groups, with 20 individuals in each group. These groups consisted of individuals who had periodontitis with atherosclerosis (group A-P), were periodontally healthy with atherosclerosis (group A-C), were systemically healthy with periodontitis (group P), and were systemically and periodontally healthy (group C). Clinical periodontal parameters were recorded. PISA values were calculated. Atherosclerosis severity was determined by the Gensini score. The ratio of TAS/TOS resulting in the OSI levels of the serum and saliva samples was examined biochemically. Group A-P serum TAS and group C saliva OSI values were lower than those of the other groups (p < 0.05). Group A-P serum TOS and OSI values were higher than those of the other groups (p < 0.05). Groups A-C and P serum TOS and OSI values were higher than those of group C (p < 0.05). In the multivariate linear regression analysis, group A-P and PISA values were independently associated with serum TOS and OSI values (p < 0.05). Group A-P, group P, and PISA values were independently associated with saliva OSI values (p < 0.05). Periodontitis and atherosclerosis may have systemic oxidative stress-increasing effects. The coexistence of periodontitis and atherosclerosis increases oxidative stress beyond that seen in either condition alone. Periodontitis can be associated with increased systemic TOS and OSI values in patients with atherosclerosis. Oxidative status is affected more severely when periodontitis and atherosclerosis coexist rather than when either exists alone. Periodontitis can cause increasing effect on serum TOS and OSI and decreasing effect on TAS in patients with atherosclerosis. The increase in oxidative stress markers with the presence of periodontal disease in patients with atherosclerosis emphasizes that controlling periodontal diseases, a treatable disease, may contribute to the prognosis of atherosclerosis.

The Effect of Periodontal Disease on Metabolic Control in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus in South Africa: Protocol for a Systematic Review.

BackgroundThe increase in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its associated complications is burdensome to the South African health system. Understanding the role of comorbid diseases, such as periodontal disease (PD), and their effect on metabolic control in patients with DM in South Africa will raise awareness about the importance of periodontal interventions among patients with DM in South Africa.ObjectiveThe review will aim to determine the effect of PD on the metabolic control of T2DM in a South African population.MethodsA systematic review of the relationship between PD and metabolic control in patients with T2DM in a South African population will be conducted. Cohort, cross-sectional, and case-controlled studies will be considered in which the outcome of interest is diabetic control. A search will be done in the following sources: EBSCOhost (academic search complete; dentistry and oral sciences), PubMed, ScienceDirect, and the South African National ETD Portal for articles published in English. There will be no limit placed on the date of the publication. The reference list of articles will be reviewed for further inclusion of critical articles. Two independent reviewers (AJ and FK-D) will do study selection, data extraction, and quality analysis. All disputes will be resolved by discussion, and the entire team will verify final decisions.ResultsThe systematic review protocol was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO). A preliminary search was conducted using the keywords ((perio*) AND (diabet*)) AND (“South Africa”). The review process should be completed by December 2021.ConclusionsThe review will determine the effect of PD on metabolic control in patients with T2DM in South Africa. The outcome would inform health policy to highlight the need to include periodontal care into treatment protocols in patients with T2DM. In this process, the feasibility for future research in this area of interest will also be defined.Trial RegistrationPROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews CRD42020221064; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=221064International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)PRR1-10.2196/27471

Dental Plaque Microbial Resistomes of Periodontal Health and Disease and Their Changes after Scaling and Root Planing Therapy.

ABSTRACTThe human oral microbial community has been considered a reservoir of antibiotic resistance. Currently, the effects of periodontitis and the scaling and root planing (SRP) treatment on the performance of antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs) and metal-resistant genes (MRGs) in the dental plaque microbiota are not well characterized. To explore this issue, we selected 48 healthy-state (HS), 40 periodontitis-state (PS; before treatment), and 24 resolved-state (RS; after SRP treatment) metagenomic data of dental plaque samples from the Sequence Read Archive (SRA) database. NetShift analysis identified Fretibacterium fastidiosum, Tannerella forsythia, and Campylobacter rectus as key drivers during dental plaque microbiota alteration in the progression of periodontitis. Periodontitis and SRP treatment resulted in an increase in the number of ARGs and MRGs in dental plaque and significantly altered the composition of ARG and MRG profiles. Bacitracin, beta-lactam, macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin (MLS), tetracycline, and multidrug resistance genes were the main classes of ARGs with high relative abundance, whereas multimetal, iron, chromium, and copper resistance genes were the primary types of MRGs in dental plaque microbiota. The cooccurrence of ARGs, MRGs, and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) indicated that a coselection phenomenon exists in the resistomes of dental plaque microbiota. Overall, our data provide new insights into the standing of the distribution of ARGs and MRGs in oral microbiota of periodontitis patients, and it was possible to contribute to the understanding of the complicated correlations among microorganisms, resistomes, and MGEs.IMPORTANCE The emergence and development of resistance to antibiotics in periodontal pathogens have affected the success rate of treatment for periodontitis. The development of new antibacterial strategies is urgently needed to help control and treat periodontal disease, and dental plaque microbiome studies offer a promising new angle of attack. In this study, we investigated the dental plaque microbiota and resistomes in periodontal health and disease states and their changes after SRP therapy. This is the first analysis of the profile of the microbial community and antibiotic and metal resistance genes in dental plaque by the metagenomic approach, to the best of our knowledge. Monitoring the profile of these resistomes has huge potential to provide reference levels for proper antibiotics use and the development of new antimicrobial strategies in periodontitis therapy and thereby improve actual efficacy of the treatment regimens.

Periodontal inflamed surface area is associated with hs-CRP in septuagenarian Japanese adults in cross-sectional findings from the SONIC study

Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory condition that affects various peripheral organs. The periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA) quantifies periodontitis severity and the spread of inflammatory wounds. This study aimed to investigate the association between PISA and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), a systemic inflammation marker. This study included 250 community-dwelling septuagenarians (69–71 years). We collected information on their medical (e.g., diabetes and dyslipidemia) and dental examinations (e.g., measurement of the probing pocket depth). Generalized linear model analysis was used to explore the association between PISA and hs-CRP levels. There was a significant difference in hs-CRP levels between groups with PISA ≥ 500 and < 500 (p = 0.017). Moreover, the generalized linear model analysis revealed a significant association between PISA and hs-CRP levels (risk ratio = 1.77; p = 0.033) even after adjusting other factors. Further, we found a correlation between PISA and hs-CRP (Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient, rs = 0.181; p = 0.023). Our findings suggest that PISA is an effective index for estimating the effect of periodontitis on the whole body, enabling medical-dental cooperation.

Effect of periodontal disease on the risk of development of cerebral infarction and myocardial infarction: a study using health insurance records

Effect of periodontal disease on the risk of development of cerebral infarction and myocardial infarction: a study using health insurance records

The Effect of Periodontitis on Dementia and Cognitive Impairment: A Meta-Analysis

The association between periodontal disease and dementia/cognitive impairment continues to receive increasing attention. However, whether periodontal disease is a risk factor for dementia/cognitive impairment is still uncertain. This meta-analysis was conducted to comprehensively analyze the effect of periodontitis on dementia and cognitive impairment, and to assess the periodontal status of dementia patients at the same time. A literature search was undertaken on 19 October 2020 using PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase with different search terms. Two evaluators screened studies according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, and a third evaluator was involved if there were disagreements; this process was the same as that used for data extraction. Included studies were assessed with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS), and results were analyzed using software Review Manager 5.2. Twenty observational studies were included. In the comparison between periodontitis and cognitive impairment, the odds ratio (OR) was 1.77 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.31–2.38), which indicated that there was a strong relationship between periodontitis and cognitive impairment. There was no statistical significance in the effect of periodontitis on dementia (OR = 1.59; 95%CI, 0.92–2.76). The subgroup analysis revealed that moderate or severe periodontitis was significantly associated with dementia (OR = 2.13; 95%CI, 1.25–3.64). The mean difference (MD) of the community periodontal index (CPI) and clinical attachment level (CAL) was 0.25 (95%CI, 0.09–0.40) and 1.22 (95%CI, 0.61–1.83), respectively. In this meta-analysis, there was an association between periodontitis and cognitive impairment, and moderate or severe periodontitis was a risk factor for dementia. Additionally, the deterioration of periodontal status was observed among dementia patients.

DUAL ROLE OF AUTOPHAGY IN PERIODONTAL DISEASE

Autophagy is a self-degradative process that is important for balancing sources of energy at critical times in development and in response to nutrient stress. The induction of autophagy has been shown to have both protective and pathological effects in periodontitis. Autophagy also plays a housekeeping role in removing misfolded or aggregated proteins, clearing damaged organelles, such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and peroxisomes, as well as eliminating intracellular pathogens. Thus, autophagy is generally thought of as a survival mechanism, although its deregulation has been linked to non-apoptotic cell death. Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved process essential for cellular homeostasis and human health. Autophagy provides a mechanism for the turnover of cellular organelles and proteins through a lysosome-dependent degradation pathway. It also participates in various biological processes, such as cellular differentiation, cell function, and defense against pathogens. In addition, autophagic dysfunction is associated with multiple diseases such as autoimmune disease, cancer, diabetes, and oral disease. Nowadays research has ascertained the role of autophagy in Periodontal disease, especially its role in the host defence against periodontal disease drivers. A bulk of research has recognized several pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals that can potentially modulate this kind of cell death and serve as useful therapies. However, further research is warranted in order to reach a clinical translation, which could be of help in the discovery of novel host modulation therapies for Periodontal disease.&#x0D; Keywords: Autophagy, Apoptosis, Micro autophagy, immune response, Periodontitis, Periodontal pathogens, Periapical lesion

Relationship of COVID-19 pathogenesis for periodontal medicine research. Part II: Periodontal Medicine

The dysfunctional immunoinflammatory response to SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to excessive infiltration of monocytes, macrophages and T cells, non-neutralizing antibody, systemic cytokine storm, microthrombi mediated by tissue factor and oxidative stress, lower platelet counts, increased D-dimer, C-reactive protein and coagulation abnormalities, increased vascular permeability, pulmonary edema and pneumonia, and widespread inflammation and multi-organ damage. Periodontal diseases have a chronic and multifactorial inflammatory profile, of infectious origin, with bidirectional systemic interactions linked to over 50 systemic conditions/diseases. Immunoinflammatory response of periodontal tissues to the microbial challenge, protective/repair response and the local destruction of periodontium influence and are influenced by systemic conditions/diseases. Renin-angiotensin system/ACE inhibitors are also related to pathogenesis of COVID-19 by SARS-CoV-2-ACE2 and to pathogenesis of periodontitis, through bone resorption regulated by the ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/MasR axis and IL1-b, positive regulation of the kinin/receptor pathway B2 due to Toll-like receptor 2 inflammation and Th1/Th17 responses, the expression of the type 1 angiotensin II receptor in the inflamed gingival tissue, and modulating IL-1β-induced IL-6 production in human gingival fibroblasts. It is possible that SARS-CoV-2 infection increases local inflammatory events in periodontal tissue leading to destruction of periodontal tissues, probably enhanced by the systemic effects of periodontitis. Despite limited or non-existent scientific evidence on the effects of COVID-19 on periodontal diseases and their systemic interactions to date, it is possible to expect its impact on periodontal medicine research from the natural history of periodontal diseases to their pathogenesis and relationship with systemic conditions and response to treatment, as an environmental and acquired risk factor.

Variations in IgG antibody subclass responses to oral bacteria: Effects of periodontal disease and modifying factors.

Local and systemic IgG antibodies or oral bacteria have been described with periodontitis. We extended these observations by assessing the impact of a range of intrinsic factors on serum IgG subclass antibodies to both commensal and pathogenic oral bacteria that would contribute to variations in immune protection or disease susceptibility in periodontitis have not been described. Subjects (n=278) were classified as healthy, gingivitis, or periodontitis and categorized as mild, moderate, and severe periodontitis. Demographic stratification included sex, age, race/ethnicity, smoking, and obesity. Whole formalin-fixed bacteria were used as antigens to detect serum immunoglobulin (Ig)G subclass antibody levels using an ELISA. The greatest differences in variations in IgG subclasses occurred in periodontitis versus health or gingivitis to bacteria considered oral pathogens (eg, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Treponema denticola) with IgG1, IgG2, and IgG4 increased by three- to sevenfold with Pg. Differences in subclass levels and distribution were also observed related to disease severity, particularly related to individual subclass responses to Pg. Examination of the overall population showed that females had elevated antibody, reflected by elevated IgG2 amounts/proportions. The older group of subjects demonstrated elevated antibody to multiple oral bacteria, lacking any particular subclass pattern. IgG2 antibody to Aa and Pg was increased in smokers. Multiple IgG subclass antibody levels to oral pathogens were significantly decreased in the obese subset within this population. This investigation identified patterns of IgG subclass antibody responses to oral bacteria and demonstrated substantial effects of disease impacting the level and subclass distribution of antibody to an array of oral bacteria. Altered subclass antibody profiles most often in IgG2 levels and for antibody to P. gingivalis were found related to sex, age, disease severity, race/ethnicity, smoking, and obesity to both pathogens and commensal bacteria.

Prospects of using ultrasound therapy in combination with preparation possessing antiseptic effect in complex treatment of periodontitis

Ultrasound is able to have a multifaceted therapeutic effect in periodontitis. In therapeutic doses, it affects a variety of local tissue reactions, stimulates compensatory, restorative, protective and adaptive mechanisms.Ultrasound in dosages used in clinical practice does not have an independent, direct antibacterial effect. In this regard, in the treatment of periodontitis, where the microbial factor plays an important role, it is advisable to use antiseptic solutions as a contact medium for ultrasonic effects. The study of the comparative effectiveness of low-frequency and high-frequency ultrasonic effects in combination with the domestic antiseptic preparation miramistin, which, with high antibacterial effectiveness, is characterized by the absence of adverse side effects, in the treatment of periodontitis, is of significant scientific and practical importance.

Effects of periodontitis on postoperative pneumonia in patients with lung and esophageal cancer.

BackgroundFew studies have been conducted on the relationship between chronic periodontitis and postoperative pneumonia (POP) in patients with lung and esophageal cancer. Furthermore, it remains controversial as to whether improving the periodontal condition of patients with lung and esophageal cancer before surgery reduces the incidence of POP. This retrospective study was conducted to assess the effects of periodontal therapy in patients with lung and esophageal cancer to prevent POP.MethodsA total of 265 patients with lung or esophageal cancer complicated with chronic periodontitis who underwent open thoracotomy between July 2015 and June 2019 were selected and given the choice of being in the experimental or control group. A total of 141 participants in the experimental group received periodontal therapy, and 124 participants in the control group did not receive periodontal therapy. All clinical data of participants in both groups were retrospectively studied to determine the incidence of POP on the 30th day after discharge from hospital.ResultsEight patients in the experimental and six in the control group, respectively, were excluded from the study. It was found that four of the 133 patients suffered from POP in the experimental group (incidence: 3.01%). A total of 18 of 118 patients in the control group had a pulmonary infection (incidence: 15.25%). POP incidence in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group, and in the level analysis of different types of periodontitis, surgical methods, and diseases (p < 0.05).ConclusionsPeriodontal treatment is associated with a lower incidence of POP following lung and esophageal cancer surgery. Improving the periodontal condition of patients helps prevent POP. The presence of periodontitis is an important predisposing factor for POP in patients after open thoracotomy. Periodontal examination and therapy are recommended before the surgical treatment of lung or esophageal cancer.