Effective Regional Policy Research Articles

Effects of Smart Specialisation on Regional Labour Resilience

The global economy has experienced great volatility and uncertainty during the last dec-ades. Economic effects of global recession in the period 2008-2009 showed to be diverse in terms of ter-ritorial impacts. This has raised interest in the empirical investigation of the causes of such territorial differences and supported the increase in literature dealing with the resilience concept and determi-nants of regional economic resilience. This research addresses literature gaps in understanding the role of smart specialisation process in regional labour resilience, as it is one of the cornerstones of the new place-based regional development policy approach in the European Union (EU). To this end, we have de-veloped a new proxy for smart specialisation and employed the data for EU regional labour resilience for two different periods, recession (2007-2009) and recovery (2009-2014), which is determined based on re-gional economic performance data. Then, the EU regions were grouped in four categories considering re-sistance and recovery dimension of the resilience concept. We provide the extension of the existing liter-ature by separately analysing the recovery dimension of the resilience concept in the short and long run. The multinomial logistic model enabled us to examine in detail the differential effects of all relevant re-silience determinants. Research results indicate significant and positive effects of smart specialisation on regional labour resilience, especially for regions of the most resilient group. Furthermore, our study con-firmed the significance of other determinants for regional labour resilience, such as stage of regional de-velopment, regional economic structure, population and education. The findings could be used for estab-lishing the theoretical background for important socio-economic channels through which smart special-isation affects regional labour resilience and creating effective regional development policy measures.

Розвиток малих та середніх підприємств на регіональному рівні як ключовий чинник підвищення зайнятості населення регіону

Small and medium-sized enterprises in Ukraine before the full-scale invasion were the most widespread. The lion's share of employed economically active citizens, which is about 75% of all employed, is in small and medium-sized enterprises, and only 25% of Ukrainians work in large enterprises. Among the priority spheres of activity of small and medium-sized enterprises are wholesale and retail trade and motor vehicle repair. A significant number of small and medium-sized enterprises carry out their activities in industry, logistics, agriculture and construction. Therefore, small business enterprises are one of the driving forces of economic development, an effective means of structural restructuring, overcoming disparities in the certain market segments, activating innovative activities, developing competition, creating new job positions and reducing unemployment. The problem of the creating favorable conditions for the development of small entrepreneurship constantly requires changing the methods and forms of managing this process, improving and harmonizing the functions of managing it at all levels. In the modern conditions of regionalization of economic processes, the further development of small entrepreneurship requires in-depth study of its system-forming factors, territorial features, forming and implementation of the appropriate effective and flexible regional policy. Improving the development of small and medium-sized enterprises is a key challenge for every region, as this sector plays an important role in the ensuring economic growth and creation job positions. In the paper, we proposed the following global directions for improving the development of SMEs in Kirovohrad region: ensuring more easy access to financing; simplification of bureaucratic processes; innovation support; providing support in the field of education and skill development; providing access to the new markets; support for startups and the innovative enterprises; promotion of entrepreneurship and support in the field of marketing; ensuring stability and transparency in the field of legal regulation. These proposals will help to improve the development of small and medium-sized enterprises, make them more competitive and contribute to the overall economic growth of the region.

Methods and ways to improve the effectiveness of regional policy in the field of physical culture and sports

Methods and ways to improve the effectiveness of regional policy in the field of physical culture and sports

Evolutionary game and stability analysis of elderly care service quality supervision from the perspective of government governance.

The performance of government functions is an important guarantee for the standardized operation of the elderly service market. The objective of this study is to explore the optimal path for the government to govern the elderly care service market. The tripartite evolutionary game model is proposed in the paper, which composed of local governments, private elderly care institutions and the public. Furthermore, three mechanisms, i.e. dynamic penalty and static subsidy, static penalty and dynamic subsidy, dynamic penalty and dynamic subsidy, are designed. Under these different mechanisms, the stability of each subject's strategy choice is analyzed by using system dynamics simulation. The introduction of dynamic mechanisms can compensate for the inability of static mechanisms to bring the system to a steady state. The dynamic penalty and dynamic subsidy mechanism allows the system to evolve to the desired point of stability. The self-discipline behavior of private elderly care institutions is positively correlated with penalties and reputation gains-losses, negatively correlated with subsidies, and not correlated with supervision rewards. Excessive subsidies will promote the collusion of private elderly institutions. Only when the local government adopts the dynamic penalty and dynamic subsidy mechanism will private elderly care institutions choose to operate in a fully self-disciplined manner. Reasonable adjustments of penalties, reputation gains-losses and subsidies can not only further optimize the dynamic penalty and dynamic subsidy mechanism, but also help to achieve diversified regulatory objectives of the government. This study would provide a reference for local governments seeking to develop effective regulatory policies for the elderly service market.

СОЦІАЛЬНО-ЕКОНОМІЧНА КОНВЕРГЕНЦІЯ РЕГІОНІВ УКРАЇНИ

The paper discovers problems of forming an effective regional policy aimed to converge regional socioeconomic development. Convergence of socio-economic development of Ukrainian regions has been evaluated. The authors described the essence and theoretical background of convergence assessment. It was provided the analysis of conditional convergence in neoclassical model. The authors built the model of differentiation processes of socio-economic development of Ukrainian regions. In addition the distribution of definition “disparities of regional development” is analyzed in Ukrainian scientific circles, stressing "disparity" and "differentiation”. The authors developed production Cobb-Douglas function for Ukrainian economics. In its basis Solow-Swann model has been evaluated for Ukrainian regions and beta convergence is analyzed. It has been proved that beta convergence occurs when the rates of growth are higher with lower levels of socio-economic development of regions. The results can be proved by other types of convergence. Some regions, including Kyiv and certain regions in the western part of the country, have a high level of development, while other regions, particularly those in the eastern and southern parts, remain less developed. Despite regional differences, there is a trend towards reducing the disparities between regions. Some less developed regions demonstrate a faster growth rate compared to already developed regions, indicating a process of social-economic convergence. Various factors influence the social-economic convergence of regions. Among them are investments, infrastructure development, access to education and healthcare, privatization of enterprises, support for small and medium-sized businesses, regional policies, and others. The concept of "catchup" reflects a situation where less developed regions demonstrate exceptionally high growth rates and catch up with more developed regions. This can occur through accelerated innovation, adoption of new technologies, or other stimuli. Regional disparities, such as uneven access to resources, unutilized economic potential, or inequality in living conditions, can hinder the process of socio-economic convergence.

Пространственное сжатие: анализ и подходы к оценке (на примере Республики Башкортостан)

To implement an effective regional policy in the development of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, a comprehensive assessment of ongoing processes in the economic and social spheres is necessary, which determines the relevance of the topic of this article. The aim of the study is to study the processes of spatial compression of the municipal districts of the Republic of Bashkortostan in 2016–2020. The authors present a review of foreign and Russian studies on the process of spatial compression due to economic and demographic reasons. It is noted that despite the increase in the number of publications on this topic, the research topic remains poorly studied. The work provides an assessment of the degree of spatial compression of the municipal districts of the Republic of Bashkortostan in 2016–2020 based on the analysis of socio-economic processes, generalization and systematization of facts. The indicators characterizing the processes of spatial compression of territories are analyzed. The study specifies municipal districts, in which the average annual rate of reduction of the resident population is more than two percent per year in the study period, which makes it possible to classify these municipalities as shrinking ones. Further interregional research is needed on this topic in order to develop new approaches and practical tools for managing shrinking territories.

Направления устойчивого развития экономики региона в условиях санкционного воздействия

The relevance of the article lies in determining the directions for the sustainable functioning of the region’s economy under the sanctions of unfriendly states, assessing the enterprises of the fuel and energy com¬plex of the Orenburg region and, on this basis, substantiating the creation of an integrated petrochemical cluster. The purpose of the article is to identify the territorial features of the sustainable development of the region’s economy under the impact of sanctions, identify its problems and develop recommendations for the formation of an integrated petrochemical cluster. In modern conditions, there is a decrease in the profitability of enterprises, an increase in risks and their possible bankruptcy, which ultimately provokes the unsustainable development of both enterprises and the regional economy. It is shown that the current situation contributes to the disruption of logisti¬cal ties in the export industries of the fuel and energy complex, the electronic and machine-building industries, and the agricultural sector, which has a negative impact on the sustainable functioning of the region’s economy. These conclusions are confirmed by many authors whose research results are presented in the article. The leading methods of this research are the analysis and generalization of scientific publications, methods of classification and retrospective analysis. The novelty of the study lies in clarifying the concept of sustainable development of the region’s economy, determining its factors and results. The authors show that the fuel and energy and agricultural sectors of the economy will have a key impact on the functioning of the economy. This conclusion is substanti¬ated by the given statistical and other factual data. In particular, it is shown that in the total volume of industrial production of the Orenburg region, the fuel and energy sector accounts for about 60% and provides an annual production of more than 15 billion m3 of gas, more than 21 million tons of oil and gas condensate, as well as the processing of about 5 million tons of oil. More than 2.5 million tons of grain crops are grown annually in the region (2020 more than 4 million tons), over 33 thousand tons of meat products, 260 thousand tons of dairy prod¬ucts. All of the above creates favorable conditions for the innovative development of the economy. As an example, a diagram of the organizational and production specialization of an integrated innovative petrochemical cluster is given. The practical significance of the results of the study lies in the development of a set of measures to implement an effective regional policy aimed at achieving sustainable development through the creation of an innovative petrochemical cluster. Further research is supposed to be carried out in the direction of developing the theoretical and practical foundations for the organization and functioning of integrated petrochemical agglomerations.

Framing a Regional Spatial Development Perspective: The Relation between Health and Regional Performance

The article describes the step-by-step process of testing the hypothesis about the importance of the health factor in the regions’ economic growth, which determines their competitive positions. Calculations of the health development level in 22 regions of Ukraine were carried out, according to which those regions were divided into four clusters. The regions’ integrated index of competitiveness was evaluated. The obtained taxonomic indicator allowed dividing the analysed regions into four groups according to their integral values of competitiveness. At the next stage, there were used several criteria for checking the data by groups for normality of distribution using the Shapiro-Wilk test and the Levin method, which made it possible to confirm the presence of the heteroscedasticity phenomenon of the variances of the compared groups of regions. To confirm a connection between the level of regions’ health development and their competitiveness, a one-factor parametric ANOVA analysis, supported by Tukey's post hoc test, was carried out, which revealed a dependence between almost all groups of the regions compared. The Granger test made it possible to confirm the hypothesis of a unidirectional causal relationship between the health factor and the competitive positions of a region based on the integrated level of competitiveness. The obtained results prove the need for an active work in the direction of strengthening the regional health care system and the maximum involvement of stakeholders of various levels in the strategy issues of improving the territories and supporting the system of medical and social care of the population at the level of cities and regions. The authors emphasize that for implementing an effective regional health policy, it is important to take into account the influence of factors that can restrain health development, as well as those groups of determinants capable of stimulating this development: financial and budgetary mechanisms, involvement of marketing and information tools, taking into account behavioural and institutional factors.

Configurations of Technology Commercialization: Evidence from Chinese Spin-off Enterprises

Despite numerous studies on understanding effectiveness of technology commercialization, only limited attention is given to the complex relationship inter and inner its conditions, which formed from the policy system between different levels of government networks and the unbalanced regional technology resources in China. Using data from spin-off enterprises, this paper develops an integrated configuration framework for and provide an empirical test of five predictors, namely policy supply, policy coordination, technology source, firm strength, and R&D investment, which capture three contextual features of institutional, organizational, and technological complexity within Chinese technology commercialization context. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and Fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fs/QCA) of data identified three distinct effective TC paths: The first, dominator, pertained to the effective regional policy supply and powerful enterprise strength, even if the regional technology source is deficient. The second, devotee, characterized by effective policy coordination, intensive R&D investment, and abundant technology source or powerful enterprise. The last, investor, featured by poor policy coordination and poor regional technical resources, while favorable regional policy supply and R&D investment.

Research on wind power industrial policies' functional mechanism to the quality of enterprise innovation.

The transmission effect of industrial policies on the quality of innovation of micro-enterprises is a central concern that attracts current academics and policy makers. Using the 2004-2019 data of A-shares of listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen, as well as the policies issued by Chinese ministries and departments at the ministry level and above, this paper empirically investigates the impact and mechanism of industrial policies on the innovation quality of wind power companies. The research results demonstrate that policies all play a significant role in promoting the quality of enterprise innovation of wind power. The intermediary role of credit financing of enterprises between different types of industrial guidelines and the quality of corporate innovation is different. Executive equity incentives positively moderate the relationship between different types of industrial policies and corporate credit financing and effectively weaken the adverse effects of regulatory policies, and it can also significantly enhance the role of policies in promoting the quality of corporate innovation. Finally, this paper gives targeted policy recommendations for the development of new energy industry innovation in China and similar countries and regions from the perspective of government and enterprise.

코로나19 팬데믹 시기의 국가정책이 국내 관광 소비지출에 미치는 영향

Purpose - The infectious disease generally provides a negative impact on the tourism industry. Most prior studies have been focused on examining the size of negative impact on the tourism industry due to the infectious disease. However the number of studies is insufficient that empirically investigate the effect of national policies on various tourism activities under infectious disease pandemic. Thus, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of regulatory policy(social distancing) and distributive policy(disaster relief payment) on domestic tourism expenditure under the Covid-19 pandemic. Research Design, data, and methodology - The research design for this study is folded into three parts. First, the VAR model was used to forecast the amount of tourism expenditure by assuming the policy was not implemented. Second, Counter-factual analysis was conducted to confirm the difference between the predicted value and the real value during the policy was implemented. Finally, MAPE was used to compare the effect of national policies. The data used for this study were daily time-series data from January 1, 2019, to August 31, 2020. Result - The empirical results showed that the regulatory policy m a negative effect on tourism expenditure while the distributive policy had a positive effect on tourism expenditure. And regulatory policy and distributive policy had differently influenced on each type of tourism expenditure. Conclusions - Both national policies in terms of regulatory and distribute policy were effectively conducted to achieve each objective of its policies.

Using the Web to Predict Regional Trade Flows: Data Extraction, Modeling, and Validation

Despite the importance of interregional trade for building effective regional economic policies, there are very few hard data to illustrate such interdependencies. We propose here a novel research framework to predict interregional trade flows by utilizing freely available Web data and machine learning algorithms. Specifically, we extract hyperlinks between archived Websites in the United Kingdom and we aggregate these data to create an interregional network of hyperlinks between geolocated and commercial Web pages over time. We also use existing interregional trade data to train our models using random forests and then make out-of-sample predictions of interregional trade flows using a rolling-forecasting framework. Our models illustrate great predictive capability with R 2 greater than 0.9. We are also able to disaggregate our predictions in terms of industrial sectors, but also at a subregional level, for which trade data are not available. In total, our models provide a proof of concept that the digital traces left behind by physical trade can help us capture such economic activities at a more granular level and, consequently, inform regional policies.

Consumption of food away from home in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic scoping review

Abstract Context Consumption of food away from home represents an increasing share of people’s food consumption worldwide, although the percentage of food intake that is consumed away from home varies among countries and among individuals. Previous systematic reviews have reported that, overall, consumption away from home negatively affects an individual’s diet and nutritional status. However, these reviews have mainly focused on high-income countries, leaving a gap in knowledge and data for people in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Objective The present review aimed to describe trends in the consumption of food away from home in an apparently healthy population in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and to investigate any associations between this behavior and diet quality, nutritional status, and health outcomes. Data Sources A structured search strategy was developed for retrieving (from MEDLINE [via PubMed], Web of Science, and Scopus) peer-reviewed articles published in English from March 2011 until May 2021. Data Extraction Forty studies were included, and from them information was obtained based on data from 12 different countries. A qualitative and descriptive approach was used to review the evidence. Data Analysis It was found that there was large heterogeneity in the definition of food consumed away from home and the methods used to measure it, making comparisons and syntheses difficult. Consumption of food away from home in LMICs was relatively common and was positively driven by factors such as being a male, being young, having a high socio-economic status, being educated, and living in urban areas. As in high-income countries, consumption of food away from home in LMICs had unfavorable effects on an individual’s diet quality, nutritional status, and health. Conclusion There is a need to develop harmonized surveillance systems for better monitoring of the phenomenon of food consumption away from home in LMICs, including a need for a standardized definition for food consumed away from home, to enable the design of effective regulatory policies.

Healthy Environments and Lives (HEAL): Australian research network in human health and environmental change

BackgroundThe HEAL Network aims to strengthen the Australian health system and community resilience to climate change, extreme events, and environmental degradation. This resilience is achieved by stimulating collaborative research that will improve our understanding of the interactions between climate, the natural and built environment, public health, and the benefits and trade-offs of adaptation and mitigation action aiming to reduce the health impacts of environmental change. HEAL is embedding systematic codesign processes with First Nations people on environmental change preparedness, capacity and capability building, and mitigation and adaptation solutions. MethodsHEAL is addressing capacity and capability gaps in human health, climate and environmental change, and credibility gaps in interactions between policy makers, practitioners, industry, and communities. The HEAL Network is regionally distributed and includes multiple communities of practice, comprising researchers, environmental and health practitioners, community organisations, and policy makers. On the basis of initial gap analyses and stakeholder consultations, we have established ten interdisciplinary research themes (Indigenous knowledge systems; data and decision support systems; science communication; health system resilience; bushfires and extreme events; food, soil, and water security; biosecurity and emerging infectious diseases; urban health; rural and remote health; and at-risk populations and life course solutions) and a range of research capacity and capability strengthening activities that will support investigators, local services and communities. FindingsThe HEAL Network is developing the skills needed to formulate priorities, codesign projects, and translate and implement research findings into policy and practice. New interdisciplinary collaborations emerging from HEAL have led to development of participatory action research, such as facilitating Aboriginal community-led climate adaptation plans based on traditional knowledge and environmental, climate, and health data. InterpretationHEAL identifies evidence gaps and prioritises research capacity and capability needs and local action with community-led codesign of environmental change adaptation and mitigation solutions. This network and related programme of work will lead to more effective national, regional, and local policies to protect and improve planetary health and reduce inequities within and across communities and generations. FundingThe HEAL National Research Network has been awarded funding from the Australian Government National Health and Medical Research Council Special Initiative in Human Health and Environmental Change.

Integration into regional or global value chains and economic upgrading prospects: an analysis of the East African Community (EAC) bloc

The aim of the study was to assess the integration into regional or global value chains and economic upgrading prospects in the East African Community (EAC) bloc. We conducted a comparative analysis of participation in global value chain (GVC) among EAC member states and assessed the determinants of economic upgrading in the region using UNCTAD-Eora GVC Panel data from 2005 to 2018. The results show that Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda are relatively better integrated through two channels of GVC participation, namely foreign value added (FVA) and domestic value added. However, for indirect-value added channel, Kenya had the highest score, the rest member states had relatively lower mean scores. The overall results show that EAC’s participation in GVC still resides in upstream low- and middle-value-added production activities, which limits its competitiveness compared to other regions. The empirical results show the positive and significant effect of domestic credit, foreign direct investment, quality of institutions and FVA on economic upgrading. However, a positive but insignificant association with economic upgrading was observed for human capital and GDP per capita. Infrastructure quality was negatively and significantly associated with economic upgrading. These results suggest that improving infrastructure connectivity and further strengthening institutional governance would reduce trade costs and promote greater investments, product and service diversification, leading to deeper economic upgrading in the region. At the policy level, the adoption of effective national and regional industrial policies would promote innovation and human capital development, attract foreign direct investment and help address market and coordination deficiencies in the region.

Environmental Protection Funds As A Component Of National Financial And Environmental Security: Administrative And Legal Regulation

The purpose of the research. The scientific article is devoted to the coverage of the environmental protection funds as a component of national financial and environmental security. Main content. It is substantiated that achieving the effectiveness of regulatory policy in the field of environmental protection requires the state to intensify the forms of its implementation, one of which is the activities of extra-budgetary trust funds. During the analysis of economic and sectoral extra-budgetary funds, the unification of legal regulation of the procedure for allocating funds provided to environmental funds was identified as a necessary measure, which will allow detailed regulation of such rules and establish a mechanism for liability for violations. Methodology: Consideration of materials and methods based on the analysis of documentary materials for the environmental protection funds as a component of national financial and environmental security. Conclusions. The expediency of systematizing the legislation regulating extra-budgetary funds is argued for the purpose of further elaboration and adoption of the Law of Ukraine “On Public Funds”.Keywords: administrative service, environmental tax, government service, municipal service, electronic service, public service.

Economic Competition in the Alcohol Trade Should Not Trump Public Health.

The purpose of this article is to summarize and critique from a public health perspective the recent report from the U.S. Department of the Treasury (DOT) regarding competition in the beer, wine, and spirits markets in the United States. A critical review of the recent DOT report was conducted. The report is remarkable primarily for its ability to spend 64 pages on alcohol regulation and reference none of the public health literature either on the health, social, and economic burden of alcohol use or on the importance and effectiveness of regulatory policies to reduce that burden. The report is clear evidence that structural public health input into DOT deliberations about policy is missing. The department should create something parallel to its Office of Industry and State Outreach to ensure that future assessments of alcohol markets balance economic insights with public health data and evidence.

Molecular identification and first demographic insights of sharks based on artisanal fisheries bycatch in the Pacific Coast of Colombia: implications for conservation.

The Pacific coast of Colombia is characterized by mangrove ecosystems which play a crucial role as possible nurseries for juvenile sharks. However, trophic food webs from coastal ecosystems are heavily disturbed by increased fishing pressure, which affects numerous shark species. In this region of the Eastern Tropical Pacific (ETP), fisheries’ data from coastal areas are scarce and unspecific, as most sharks from artisanal fisheries are landed decapitated and finless, making their morphological identification difficult. For the establishment and implementation of effective regional conservation and management policies, information on the diversity and population dynamics of shark species is crucial. We therefore sequenced the mitochondrial NADH2 gene of 696 samples taken from fishermen’s landings of shark’s bycatch along the Colombian north Pacific coast. We were able to identify 14 species of sharks, two of the most abundant species were Sphyrna lewini and Carcharhinus falciformis, both evaluated on IUCN the Red List of Threatened species (Critically Endangered and Vulnerable) and CITES regulated. We found low genetic diversity in the sampled area increasing the concern for both species in the region, even more considering that the majority of individuals were juveniles. Our results showed the importance of genetic markers for first population genetic insights as a complementary tool during the decision-making process in management plans. For this specific region, strategies such as the delimitation of conservation priority areas or the regulation of fishing gears could help improve the sustainability of shark populations in the Colombian Pacific.

Carbonaceous gas and aerosol emissions from biomass burning in China from 2012 to 2021

Open biomass burning (OBB) has significant impacts on air pollution, human health, and climate change. In recent years, the issue of OBB has been the subject of increasing research. However, the emissions of carbonaceous gases and aerosols (CGA) from OBB have received less attention, and the spatiotemporal characteristics and emissions of CGA remain poorly understood. In this study, an optimized Fire Radiative Power (FRP) algorithm was used to estimate the emissions of CGA from OBB in China. Then the spatiotemporal characteristics of CGA emissions from OBB across China from 2012 to 2021 were assessed. The results show that the annual average emissions of CGA in China from 2012 to 2021 were 239.74 Mt. The spatial distribution of CGA from OBB in China is concentrated in the Northeast, North, Southwest, and East regions. Across the study period, the trend of total national emissions was first increasing then decreasing, with a maximum in 2014, and a minimum in 2018. Emissions of CGA between 2012 and 2021 were dominated by the combustion of residues in agricultural land, which accounted for 50–65% of total CGA emissions. Crop residues open field burning and burning ban were also the main reason for the sharp increase of CGA in 2014 and dramatically reduced to a minimum in 2018. The study provides new insights into OBB and carbon neutrality. The results provide valuable information for stakeholders, allowing for the implementation of effective regional policies to reduce emissions of CGA in China.

E-cigarette use among high school students in the United States prior to the COVID-19 pandemic: Trends, correlates, and sources of acquisition

Detailed description of the prevalence and sources of e-cigarettes among youth is needed to inform effective regulatory policies. We used the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System data (2015–2019) to assess trends in current (past-30-day-use) and frequent (≥10 days in past-30-days) e-cigarette use among United States high schoolers before the COVID-19 pandemic. First, we assessed trends overall and then stratified by participants’ sociodemographic characteristics, use of other tobacco products, and experiences of psychosocial stress. We also evaluated past year quit attempts and the changing sources of e-cigarettes.Our sample size was 41,021 (15,356–2015; 12,873–2017; 12,792–2019). The prevalence of current e-cigarette use increased from 24.0% (95%CI:21.9%–26.3%) in 2015 to 32.7% (30.4%–35.1%) in 2019. The proportion of current users who reported frequent use also increased significantly from 22.6% (20.4%–24.8%) to 45.4% (42.7%–48.2%). Thus, an increasing proportion of US high school students who use e-cigarettes reported frequent use, indicating greater nicotine dependence. The increase in current and frequent e-cigarette use was more pronounced in youth who reported other substance use and psychosocial stressors such as bullying. Between 2017 and 2019, there was a decline in the proportion of youth who bought e-cigarettes online (6.9% to 3.2%) or from convenience stores (22.0% to 16.6%). Conversely, there was an increase in the proportion who borrowed (34.5% to 40.1%) or purchased e-cigarettes through other people (10.7% to 18.0%), indicating that most youth are evading age-related restrictions by obtaining e-cigarettes from other people. Finally, a considerable proportion of youth tobacco users are making quit attempts; 47.6% (45.1%–50.1%) in 2019.