Effective Corrosion Protection Research Articles

Silicon carbide/enamel composite coatings for steel corrosion protection: Microstructure, thermal expansion behavior, and anti-corrosion performance

Vitreous enamel coating has been utilized to protect metallic substrates against corrosion and has proven to be effective. Herein, a new low-temperature sintering silicon carbide/enamel composite coating was produced and compared to pure enamel coating. The microstructure, thermal expansion behavior, and anti-corrosion performance of the prepared coatings were evaluated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), dilatometric test, and electrochemical measurements (open circuit potential (OCP), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and linear polarization resistance (LPR)). The results indicated that the composite coatings had gradually matched thermal expansion with the steel substrate due to the inclusion of silicon carbide and the raised porosity, which further resulted in the reduction of residual stress and the eradication of surface microcracks. The microstructural alterations increased the anti-corrosion effectiveness of composite coatings, according to the early electrochemical testing (at 24 h). Particularly, the polarization resistance (Rp) of a composite coating containing 7.5 wt% silicon carbide addition was found to be 20 times greater than that of the pure enamel coating. These results imply that the silicon carbide/enamel composite coating outperforms the pure enamel coating and can provide effective corrosion protection for steel.

Oxide coatings with immobilized Ce-ZSM5 as visible light photocatalysts

The preparation and properties of oxide coatings with immobilized ZSM-5 zeolite obtained by plasma electrolytic oxidation on aluminum support were investigated and discussed. Pure and Ce-exchanged ZSM-5 were immobilized on aluminum supports from a silicate-based electrolyte under ultra-low duty cycle pulsed direct current conditions. The obtained composite coatings were characterized with respect to their morphology, phase and chemical composition, as well as photocatalytic activity and anti-corrosion properties. All mentioned properties of the obtained coatings were dependent on the processing time. The coatings with Ce-exchanged ZSM-5 showed higher photocatalytic activity and more effective corrosion protection than those with pure ZSM-5. The highest photocatalytic activity was observed for coatings processed for 30 min. It is suggested that the surface morphology, Ce-content and number of defects influenced the photocatalytic activity of the composite coatings.

Conducting Poly[N-(4-Methoxy Phenyl)Maleamic Acid]/Metals Oxides Nanocomposites for Corrosion Protection and Bioactivity Applications

Corrosion is considered as the most common cause of steel material property degradation, while coatings are effective and popular corrosion protection methods. Coatings come in a variety of forms, each with its own set of effectiveness, methods and constituents. This study used an electrochemical oxidation approach to make Poly [N-(4-Methoxy Phenyl) maleamic acid] from monomer [N-(4-Methoxy Phenyl) maleamic acid] (NPM) in a 3.5% seawater solution. On a low carbon steel [L.C.S] electrode (working electrode), a polymer film was produced. The polymer was created, according to infrared, SEM and FTIR examinations. Using the electrochemical polarization approach, the anticorrosion function of polymer films on L.C.S was examined. Also, adding nanoparticles (NP), like CuO and ZnO to the monomer solution improved the polymers anticorrosion. The results revealed that there was an increase in the L.C.S corrosion rate with the increase of temperature from 293K to 323K, while the values related to coatings polymer inhibition efficiency improved with NPs addition. For the corrosion of L.C.S in salt medium prior to and following polymeric coating, thermodynamic and kinetic activation parameters were estimated. The impact of preparing polymers on certain bacteria strains was also investigated.

Effective corrosion and wear protection of slippery liquid-infused porous surface on AZ31 Mg alloy

Magnesium alloys possess many exceptional advantages and attract much interest from researchers. However, the poor corrosion resistance significantly restricts their extensive applications in industry. Herein, a slippery liquid-infused porous surface (SLIPS), with good surface hydrophobicity, anti-corrosion, anti-wear, self-cleaning and self-healing performances, was developed on AZ31 Mg alloy. MgAl-layered double hydroxides (LDHs) with nanoporous structure were first in-situ synthesized on AZ31. Especially, an environmentally friendly corrosion inhibitor of sodium benzoate was intercalated into MgAl-LDHs to improve the corrosion resistance. After low-surface-energy modification and infusion of lubricant, the desired SLIPS with a homogeneous liquid layer was finally formed. The SLIPS showed good repellency to water to provide superior corrosion protection for the underlying AZ31, with the lowest corrosion current density of 1.93 × 10−9 A cm−2 and the largest impedance modulus of 1.18 × 107 Ω cm2. In comparison with the bare AZ31, the SLIPS exhibited enhanced friction-reducing and anti-wear performance because of the lubricating effect of the infused silicone oil and nanosheets of MgAl-LDHs. In addition, the SLIPS performed well in the self-cleaning and self-healing tests, showing potential to be widely used to enlarge the industrial applications of Mg alloys.

Prevention of corrosion destruction of oilfield equipment by composition based on technical phosphatides

A multifunctional reagent based on technical phosphatide and monoethanolamine has been developed to inhibit corrosion and erosion in the system of field pipelines, as well as to reduce the viscosity of oil. The optimal consumption of an inhibitor is recommended to take 500 mg/l. In this case, the corrosion protection effect is 94%, and the destruction efficiency of sulfate-reducing bacteria is 98%. Studies have shown that the same amount of reagent prevents the process of paraffin deposition and reduces the viscosity of the oil. The results of field tests showed that when using the reagent, the corrosion rate decreased on average from 0.6726 g/m2 · hour to 0.0631 g/m2 · hour, while the protective effect was 91%. In addition, this reagent, by reducing the viscosity of oil and reducing hydraulic losses, lowers the flow pressure from 0.14 to 0.1 MPa, which contributes to an increase in the efficiency and integrity of the transport system.

Preparation of slippery liquid-infused porous surface based on MgAlLa-layered double hydroxide for effective corrosion protection on AZ31 Mg alloy

BackgroundThe relatively poor corrosion resistance of magnesium (Mg) alloys significantly restricts their extensive applications in industry despite their superior properties such as good electromagnetic shielding, low density, and good biocompatibility. The formation of a protective coating, especially a hydrophobic coating, can provide corrosion protection for the underlying Mg alloys. MethodsHerein, a slippery liquid-infused porous surface (SLIPS) with good hydrophobicity was developed by infusing MgAlLa-layered double hydroxide (LDH) with silicone oil. In particular, the MgAlLa-LDH was intercalated with sodium benzoate to further improve the corrosion resistance. Significant FindingsA homogeneous liquid layer was generated on the SLIPS, which can effectively prevent corrosion from external corrosive species. Compared with a superhydrophobic coating, the SLIPS showed better corrosion protection in both electrochemical and immersion tests, attributed to the better stability of liquid layer than air pockets. After immersion in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution for 7 days, no obvious corrosion was observed on the SLIPS. Moreover, the SLIPS presents good self-cleaning and self-healing properties. These good performances made the SLIPS possible to be extensively applied in practice.

Development of cathodic corrosion protection systems of nuclear ice breakers and arctic offshore structures

This article presents the results of the development and implementation of special ice-resistant anodes on nuclear icebreakers and offshore structures, capable of ensuring long-term effective cathodic corrosion protection systems under shock and abrasive effects of Arctic ice. The results of inspections of the hull and hull elements of the cathodic protection of the nuclear icebreaker “50 Let Pobedy” and the offshore ice-resistant platform “Prirazlomnaya” after their long-term operation are shown. Cathodic protection of the atomic icebreaker “Leader” has been described.

Corrosion Protection of Nano-Silica Powder Coatingon Artificial Seawater

Sea water resources are extensive and can be used to extinguish fires, but their corrosiveness is a major problem. Using the method of electrochemical workstation, the electrochemical corrosion behavior of aluminum sheet in artificial sea water solution and silica-coated artificial seawater was studied; by analyzing the surface morphology, polarization curve and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, the electrochemical corrosion behavior of aluminum sheets under different immersion times and different immersion media is obtained. The conclusion is that the coating of nanosilica powder has a certain corrosion protection effect on artificial seawater.

Corrosion Resistance of CoCrFeNiMn High Entropy Alloy Coating Prepared through Plasma Transfer Arc Claddings

High entropy alloy attracts great attention for its high thermal stability and corrosion resistance. A CoCrFeNiMn high-entropy alloy coating was deposited on grey cast iron through plasma transfer arc cladding. It formed fine acicular martensite near the grey cast iron, with columnar grains perpendicular to the interface between the grey cast iron substrate and the cladding layer as well as dendrite in the middle part of the coatings. Simple FCC solid solutions present in the coatings which were similar to the powder’s structure. The coating had a microhardness of 300 ± 21.5 HV0.2 when the cladding current was 80 A for the solid solution strengthening. The HEA coating had the highest corrosion potential of −0.253 V when the plasma current was 60 A, which was much higher than the grey cast iron’s corrosion potential of −0.708 V. Meanwhile, the coating had a much lower corrosion current density of 9.075 × 10−7 mA/cm2 than the grey cast iron’s 2.4825 × 10−6 mA/cm2, which reflected that the CoCrFeNiMn HEA coating had much better corrosion resistance and lower corrosion rate than the grey cast iron for single FCC solid solution phase and a relatively higher concentration of Cr in the grain boundaries than in the grains and this could lead to corrosion protection effects.

Electrostatic adsorption facilitating dual-layer coating for stabilized cathode-electrolyte interphases and boosted lithium intercalation thereof in LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cathode

Cathode-electrolyte interphases (CEIs) are determinative to the electrochemical performance of lithium-ion batteries, especially those with Ni-rich cathodes. Herein, we employed the simple electrostatic adsorption (SEA) method to generate a homogenous polydimethyldiallyl ammonium chloride/ graphene oxide (PDDA/GO) dual-layer coating on the surface of a model single-crystalline Ni-rich cathode, LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM811), and thus modified the CEIs in both compositions and microstructures. The PDDA/GO coating depresses the LiF component, enables a homogeneous organic-enriched CEI film with fast Li diffusion and effective corrosion protection on cathodes. Together with the mechanical confinement on cathodes, these characters of modified CEIs benefit the electrochemical stability effectively. For instance, NCM811-PDDA/GO cathodes exhibit a 77% capacity retention after 500 cycles at the current density of 50 mA g−1, against 28% for pristine NCM811. This study provides new insights in correlating the coating and CEIs, which effectively guide the development of Ni-rich cathodes for high performance. Such a simple strategy to form a homogeneous coating can also be extended into other electrode materials easily.

The Effectivity of Oil Palm Inhibitor Processed by Aminolysis to Control Corrosion on Steel in Sodium Chloride Environment

A green inhibitor based on Palm kernel oil (PKO) was prepared to investigate its corrosion inhibition behaviour against steel ASTM A36 in sodium chloride solution. The aminolysis method was used to synthesize the green inhibitor and produced fatty acid diethanolamine. Afterwards, the mixture of PKO and diethanolamine of 1:6 and 1:20 were prepared. These mixtures were added into sodium chloride solution with concentration 50, 100, 500, and 1,000 ppm and they were used as working solution in corrosion testing. Corrosion testing was conducted using anodic polarization. The confirmation of microstructure of steels surfaces were done by optical microscope. The results obtained from corrosion testing showed that inhibitors of palm oil, especially palm kernel oil (PKO), provided a good corrosion protection effect. The present work provided very promising results in the preparation of green corrosion inhibitors.

Adsorption of Polyions on Flat TiO2 Surface

In this study, the surface properties of Ti/TiO2 substrate before and after the adsorption of polyelectrolytes were investigated. As model polyelectrolytes, strongly charged polycation poly(diallyldimethylammonium) (PDADMA) and strongly charged polyanion poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS) were used. Initially, the bare titanium substrate was characterized by means of ellipsometry, atomic force microscopy (AFM), cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and measurements of inner surface potential using crystal electrode (CrE). It was shown that the substrate surface is very smooth with the roughness of 3.5 nm and oxide layer thickness of 3.8 nm. After the adsorption of PDADMA and PSS, polyelectrolyte-coated titanium surface was examined using the above-mentioned methods under the same conditions. It was found that both PDADMA cations and PSS anions form a stable polymeric nanofilm on Ti/TiO2 surface that partially covers the surface, without significant impact on the surface roughness. The corrosion protection effectiveness values indicate that the corrosion properties were greatly enhanced upon polyion adsorption and polyelectrolyte coating formation on the flat TiO2 surface. The obtained results were additionally confirmed by inner surface potential measurements. According to the methods employed, PDADMA nanofilm modification offers enhanced corrosion protection to the underlying titanium material in sodium chloride electrolyte solution.

Double-Ligand Strategy to Construct an Inhibitor-Loaded Zn-MOF and Its Corrosion Protection Ability for Aluminum Alloy 2A12

A promising double-ligand strategy for the delivery of active corrosion inhibitors by a Zn(II)-based metal-organic framework (Zn-MOF) is developed. Zn-MOF compounds were synthesized by a facile one-pot solvothermal method and characterized. The Zn-MOF is based on the corrosion inhibitor benzotriazole (BTA) and 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (H2FDA) ligand, which is a promising renewable building block alternative to terephthalic or isophthalic acid. The crystal structure and morphology are characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, powder X-ray diffraction analysis (PXRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The synthesized MOF crystallites are in the trigonal space group R3c with the cell parameters in a three-dimensional (3D) anionic framework. Their ability to inhibit the corrosion process of aluminum alloy 2A12 in NaCl solution was also evaluated by immersion tests in solutions with and without a MOF. The postcorrosion analysis was performed by SEM and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Additional information about the inhibition efficiency was obtained by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results suggest that the as-synthesized MOF can release the inhibitors and form protective layers effectively on the surface of the aluminum alloy. The use of inhibitor-loaded MOF nanocontainers provides promising opportunities for the smart delivery of inhibitors and effective corrosion protection of 2A12 aluminum alloys.

The Influence of the Type of Electrolyte in the Modifying Solution on the Protective Properties of Vinyltrimethoysilane/Ethanol-Based Coatings Formed on Stainless Steel X20Cr13.

The paper reports the results of the examination of the protective properties of silane coatings based on vinyltrimethoxysilane (VTMS) and ethanol (EtOH), doped with the following electrolytes: acetic acid (AcOH), lithium perchlorate LiClO4, sulphuric acid (VI) H2SO4 and ammonia NH3. The coatings were deposited on stainless steel X20Cr13 by the sol–gel dip-coating method. The obtained VTMS/EtOH/Electrolyte coatings were characterized in terms of corrosion resistance, surface morphology and adhesion to the steel substrate. Corrosion tests were conducted in sulphate media acidified up to pH = 2 with and without chloride ions Cl−, respectively. The effectiveness of corrosion protection was determined using potentiometric curves. It has been demonstrated that the coatings under study slow down the processes of corrosion of the steel substrate, thus effectively protecting it against corrosion.

Epoxy-ester coating reinforced with cerium (III)-tannic acid-based hybrid pigment for effective mild-steel substrate corrosion protection

Epoxy ester coating with dual active inhibition and passive barrier anti-corrosion properties was constructed using a novel hybrid pigment based on the cerium nitrate and tannic acid (Ce-TAA). At first, the inorganic-organic pigment was synthesized and then characterized by FTIR, TGA, and Raman methods. Electrochemical measurements evidenced an inhibition degree of 81% for the metal sample exposed to the saline solution containing the Ce-TAA pigment extract. The polarization test showed significant corrosion current density reduction via a mixed corrosion retardation mechanism. According to the UV–visible and ICP analyses outcomes, the solubility of the hydrophilic tannic acid and cerium nitrate decreased in the cerium-tannate complex. EIS results evidenced that the |Z|at10 mHz and Rct values of the Ce-TAA containing coating with defect increased over time. Besides, up to 21 days of immersion, the Ө values near to −90° and the |Z|10 mHz > 107 Ω·cm2 were recorded for the intact coating containing Ce-TAA pigment. Via FE-SEM/EDS analyses the released inhibitive species were detected on the scratched areas of the coating.

Effectiveness of Epoxy Coating Modified with Yttrium Oxide Loaded with Imidazole on the Corrosion Protection of Steel.

The search for highly effective corrosion protection solutions to avoid degradation of the metallic parts is enabling the development of polymeric organic coatings. Of particular relevance, polymeric nanocomposite coatings, modified with corrosion inhibitors, have been developed to provide enhanced surface protection. In this work, yttrium oxide nanoparticles loaded with corrosion inhibitor (Imidazole), used as additives in the formulation of epoxy for coated on the steel substrate. The loading of Y2O3 with imidazole was confirmed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis. UV-Vis analysis demonstrated the pH-sensitive behavior of the imidazole that helps in self-release when necessary. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) of the coated samples revealed that the coating modified with Y2O3/IMD provides better corrosion protection compared to coatings containing only Y2O3. XPS analysis validated the presence of an imidazole protective film on the steel substrate that enhanced the corrosion resistance of the coated samples

Study on the Electrochemical Anticorrosion Effect of Piezoelectric Materials in the Internal Environment of Water Supply Pipeline

The problem of corrosion in water supply pipelines not only poses a considerable threat to the safety of drinking water but also causes a large amount of water wastage due to the leakage of the pipeline network, which can be a chronic problem for a municipal water supply system, as observed in Beijing and other cities in China. In this study, a new piezoelectric PVDF fiber membrane was prepared by electrospinning process, and a piezoelectric anticorrosive film was fabricated based on the internal environment of the pipeline. In the simulated water supply pipeline environment, based on the principle of the piezoelectric effect and the principle of cathodic protection, the electrochemical corrosion protection effect of piezoelectric materials in the water supply pipeline environment, under different water quality conditions, was investigated by a single factor experiment. The results show that piezoelectric anti-corrosion tablets have an obvious inhibitory effect on pipeline corrosion under different pH values, ammonium nitrate concentrations, chloride ion concentrations, and sulfate ion concentrations. Furthermore, under the conditions of pH neutral, alkaline, and high ion concentration, the piezoelectric anti-corrosion sheet can protect the pipeline by 100%. Additionally, since the piezoelectric material can convert mechanical energy into electrical energy and does not cause pollution during the experiment, it has good environmental and economic benefits. The use of piezoelectric materials for preventing corrosion of pipelines is a frontier exploration. We believe that the improvement and development of material properties, and the combination of these new materials and traditional techniques, will provide new ideas and methods for pipeline anti-corrosion technology.

Probing the effect of newly synthesized phenyltrimethylammonium tetrachloroaluminate ionic liquid as an inhibitor for carbon steel corrosion

The corrosion protection effect of phenyltrimethylammoniumtetrachloroaluminate[PTMA]+[AlCl4]−as an inhibitor was explored in the present work. In this paper, the authors have explored a non-heterocyclicbased ionic liquid as a corrosion inhibitor for metal protection in the acid cleaning process of metal. In particular, a negative ion is designed based onthe lewis acid concept by which it could cover the maximum surface by the bigger molecule size. The inhibition efficiency was found to be steadily increasing as the concentration of the [PTMA]+[AlCl4]− ionic liquids increased.These studies revealed thatthe inhibitor exhibited a remarkable potential for corrosion protection on carbon steel in 1 N HCl solution. Stable corrosion protection efficiency (96%) was achieved for 1.3 mMof inhibitor. The adsorption of the inhibitive molecule was studied by Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The anti-corrosion effect of ionic liquid on the surface protection was revealed by scanning electron microscope (SEM)and lower surface roughness attained at an optimum concentration of inhibitor in atomic force microscope (AFM) analysis. In this study, with the view of the experimental and theoretical investigation (gaseous and aqueous forms of [PTMA]+[AlCl4]− ionic liquid in presence of HCl)was investigated, and finding deduced that the ionic liquid offered maximum dispenses with the heterocyclic group. In addition, to validate the experimental result, dynamic simulation studies were performed in both gaseous and liquid stimulation conditions.

The long‐term corrosion performance and adhesion properties of 7B04 aluminum alloy/anodic film/epoxy primer system in acidic NaCl solution

AbstractThe deterioration process and corrosion protective effect of 7B04 aluminum alloy/anodic film/epoxy primer system in acidic NaCl solution for 3024 h were investigated by optical/electron microscopes, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), scanning Kelvin probe (SKP), and pull‐off adhesion test. The results showed that the protective system of anodic film and epoxy primer can protect aluminum alloy from pitting corrosion after immersion for 2352 h. According to the response characteristics of EIS and SKP, different stages of the failure process could be identified. During the first 100 h of immersion, the water transport in the coating followed Fickian law, and the water diffusion coefficient was 2.03 × 10−11 cm2/s, which demonstrated that the coating has good impermeability. Anodizing and coating treatment improved the open circuit potential and impedance of 7B04 aluminum alloy and made the distribution of Volta potential more uniform. The decreasing rate of wet adhesion strength was first fast and then slow, which was similar to the variation rule of coating resistance. The anodic film enhanced the adhesion between epoxy primer and substrate so that the failure nature of the adhesion test was mainly the cohesive failure of the epoxy primer.

Zeolite-containing photocatalysts immobilized on aluminum support by plasma electrolytic oxidation

The preparation and properties of zeolite-containing oxide coatings obtained by plasma electrolytic oxidation are investigated and discussed. Pure and Ce-exchanged natural (clinoptilolite) and synthetic (13X) zeolites are immobilized on aluminum support from silicate-based electrolyte. Obtained coatings are characterized with respect to their morphology, phase and chemical composition, photocatalytic activity and anti-corrosion properties. It is observed that all mentioned properties of obtained coatings are dependent on processing time and type of immobilized zeolite. Coatings with Ce-exchanged zeolite show higher photocatalytic activity and more effective corrosion protection than those with pure zeolite. The highest photocatalytic activity is observed for coatings processed in a pulsed DC regime for 30 min containing Ce-exchanged 13X zeolite, followed by those containing Ce-exchanged clinoptilolite. Pronounced anti-corrosion properties feature almost all samples containing Ce-exchanged 13X zeolite.