Effects Of Aerobic Training Research Articles

Effects of aerobic exercise and resistance training on obstructive sleep apnea: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

We investigated the therapeutic effects of exercise in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), aiming to identify the subgroups that benefit the most and determine the optimal exercise protocol. Major databases were searched for randomized controlled trials involving patients with OSA performing aerobic exercise and/or resistance training. The investigated outcomes included apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), body mass index (BMI), and peak oxygen consumption during exercise (VO2peak). The pre- and postintervention unstandardized mean difference (USMD) of these parameters was compared between the exercise and control groups. Twelve studies involving 526 patients were included. Exercise training significantly reduced AHI (USMD = -7.08 events/hour, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -9.98 to -4.17, p < 0.00001), ESS (USMD = -2.37, CI: -3.21 to -1.54, p < 0.00001), and BMI (USMD = -0.72 kg/m2, CI: -1.22 to -0.22, p = 0.005) and enhanced VO2peak (USMD = 3.46 mL/kg/min, CI: 1.20 to 5.71, p = 0.003). Subgroup analyses revealed that in continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)-adherent patients, exercise significantly improved VO2peak but did not reduce AHI and ESS. A trend was observed that combining resistance training with aerobic exercise resulted in greater AHI reduction and VO2peak enhancement. Notably, exercise improved AHI, ESS, BMI, and VO2peak regardless of the baseline AHI or BMI. Exercise, including resistance and aerobic training, should be part of treatment for patients with OSA of all severities, regardless of obesity status, and even for those who are already under CPAP. The study protocol was registered with the PROSPERO database (#CRD42023423527).

Aerobic Training and Ointment Effect on range of motion, von Willebrand factor, vascular endothelial factor and Femoral Artery Hemodynamics in Joint Contracture: A Rat Model.

Using a rat model, we investigated the effect of multidisciplinary rehabilitation, including aerobic training and ointment, on the ROM, vWF, VEGF content, and femoral artery hemodynamics in rats with joint contracture. A total of 44 Wistar rats were divided into the normal control group (NC, eight rats) and the experimental group (EG). A joint contracture model was established for the rats in the EG group by an external fixator. After fixator removal, 32 rats are further divided into the MC, SC, RE, and SR groups (n = 8). Before and after the 42day intervention, the ROM, vWF, VEGF, PS, ED, and RI were measured using X-ray imaging, ELISA, and color Doppler ultrasound, respectively. After fixator removal, ROM for EG group was lower than that of the NC group (p < .01). After the intervention, ROM for the SR, RE, and SC groups was improved. The ROM for the SR group reached a similar value for NC group. vWF and VEGF levels in SR group were lower than in the MC, SC, and RE groups (p < .05), and had a similar value to the NC groups. PS value for SR and RE groups was higher than the MC and SC groups. The RI value for SR group was higher than that of NC and MC groups. Multidisciplinary rehabilitation used in this study can treat joint contracture synergistically. It improves the ROM of the joint, reduces the content of vWF and VEGF, and improves the femoral artery hemodynamics.

A Randomized Control Study of Effectiveness of Aerobic Exercise Training and Balance Training on Balance in Patients with Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy

A Randomized Control Study of Effectiveness of Aerobic Exercise Training and Balance Training on Balance in Patients with Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy

Effects of Dance-Based Aerobic Training on Mental Health and Quality of Life in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment.

(1) Background: Mild cognitive impairment in older adults is a condition characterized by a decrease in mental abilities that affects their quality of life. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of an aerobic training program based on dance on depression, sleep quality, and quality of life in older adults with mild cognitive impairment. (2) Methods: This study employed a randomized controlled trial design with a total of 92 older adults with cognitive impairment, randomly assigned to an experimental group (n = 47) undergoing dance-based aerobic training and a control group (n = 45) who did not receive any intervention. Depression was assessed using the Yesavage Geriatric Depression Scale, sleep quality through the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and quality of life through the SF-36 questionnaire. (3) Results: Statistically significant improvements were observed in depression (t(46) = 4.783, p = 0.000) and in the PSQI domains: subjective sleep quality (t(46) = 3.333, p = 0.002, and Cohen's d = 0.35), sleep duration (t(46) = 5.511, p = 0.000, and Cohen's d = 0.73) and PSQI total score (t(46) = 2.116, p = 0.040, and Cohen's d = 0.20). Regarding quality of life, improvements were observed in all domains of the questionnaire: the general health (t(46) = -9.374, p = 0.000, and Cohen's d = 0.03), physical function (t(46) = -9.374, p = 0.000, and Cohen's d = 0.03), the physical role (t(46) = -5.954, p = 0.000, and Cohen's d = 1.06), the emotional role (t(46) = -6.200, p = 0.000, and Cohen's d = 0.80), social function (t(46) = -5.585, p = 0.000, and Cohen's d = 0.53), physical pain, (t(46) = -9.224, p = 0.000, and Cohen's d = 1.04), vitality (t(46) = 2.289, p = 0.027, and Cohen's d = 1.27), mental health, (t(46) = -7.985, p = 0.000, and Cohen's d = 1.33), the physical summary component, (t(46) = -13.532, p = 0.000, and Cohen's d = 1.81), and in the mental summary component (t(46) = -10.6 81, p = 0.000, and Cohen's d = 0.06); (4) Conclusions: The results of the present study showed that they suggest that a dance-based aerobic training program improves mental health and quality of life in older people with mild cognitive impairment, providing a non-pharmacological approach to improve general well-being in this population.

The impact of combined aerobic and resistance exercise on the prognosis of early Parkinson's disease patients.

Although literature suggests that exercise can improve symptoms in Parkinson's Disease (PD) patients, research on the effects of aerobic exercise and resistance training (AE&RT) in early-stage PD remains limited. Understanding the synergistic effects of these exercise modalities can provide valuable insights for optimizing exercise interventions for PD patients, particularly in the early stages of the disease, where interventions may have the greatest impact on long-term functional outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a combined AE&RT program on motor function, postural stability, and cognitive processing speed in early stage PD patients. A total of 236 participants with early-stage PD were assigned to either the Aerobic Exercise Group (AE group) (n= 112) or the AE&RT Group (n= 124) inthis controlled randomized trial. The study employed a one-year supervised exercise program, with the AE Group participating in aerobic activities and the AE&RT Group engaging in combined AE&RT. Outcome measures included symptom improvement, motor function, postural stability, cognitive processing speed, peak oxygen consumption, quality of life evaluation, and the incidence of adverse events. The AE&RT Group demonstrated greater improvements in tremor, muscle rigidity, gait instability, sleep problems, and hyposmia compared to the AE Group. Additionally, the combined exercise group exhibited better cognitive processing speed, as well as enhanced motor function and postural stability. Peak oxygen consumption was significantly higher in the AE&RT Group. However, the quality of life evaluation indicated a statistically higher quality of life in the AE Group. There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse events between the two groups. The findings suggest that the integration of AE&RT in early-stage PD patients leads to more comprehensive improvements in motor symptoms, cognitive function, postural stability, and cardiovascular fitness compared to aerobic exercise alone. These results have important implications for developing tailored exercise interventions to enhance the physical and cognitive well-being of individuals with early-stage PD.

Mitigation of Subsequent Ovariectomy Responses through Prior Exercise Training in Rats.

It is well known that cardiometabolic dysfunction gradually increases after menopause, and the sedentary lifestyle can aggravate this condition. Therefore, we compared the effects of aerobic exercise training during the premenopausal period and after ovariectomy (OVX) on metabolic, hemodynamic, and autonomic parameters in an experimental rat model of menopause. The female rats were divided into four groups: control (C), sedentary OVX (SO), trained OVX (TO), and previously trained OVX (PTO). The PTO group was trained for 4 weeks prior to+8 weeks after OVX, and the TO group trained only after OVX on a motor treadmill. Autonomic modulation was evaluated, white adipose tissue (WAT) was removed and weighed, and lipolysis was assessed. The citrate synthase activity in the soleus muscle was analyzed. The trained groups prevented the impairment of baroreceptor reflex sensitivity in relation to SO; however, only PTO reduced the low-frequency band of the pulse interval compared to SO. PTO reduced the weight of WAT compared to the other groups; lipolysis in PTO was similar to that in C. PTO preserved muscle metabolic injury in all types of fibers analyzed. In conclusion, this study suggests that exercise training should be recommended in a premenopausal model to prevent cardiometabolic and autonomic menopause-induced deleterious effects.

Angiogenic Effects of Aerobic Training and Royal Jelly Consumption with Emphasis on the Role of miR-126 and miR-210 in the Aortic Artery of Ovariectomized Diabetic Rats

Background: Cardiovascular complications in postmenopausal diabetic women are significantly higher than in their healthy peers. Although the beneficial effects of exercise interventions and consumption of foods rich in antioxidants on angiogenesis have been established, the synergistic effects of exercise training and royal jelly (RJ) consumption on angiogenesis in ovariectomized diabetic patients are still not well understood. Objectives: This study investigated the angiogenic effects of aerobic training (AT) and royal jelly (RJ) consumption, with an emphasis on the role of miR-126 and miR-210 in the aortic artery of ovariectomized diabetic (OVXD) rats. Methods: Thirty female OVXD rats were divided into five groups: OVXD control, Sham (Sh), RJ, AT, and AT + RJ. Additionally, six healthy rats were selected as the healthy control group (HC) to evaluate the effects of modeling on variables. Groups 4 and 5 underwent aerobic training for eight weeks, five sessions per week, with an intensity of 55 - 75% of VO2max. Groups 3 and 5 received 100 mg/kg/day of RJ. A one-way ANOVA test was used to analyze VEGF, eNOS, miR-126, and miR-210 (α = 0.05). Results: Vascular endothelial growth factor, eNOS, and miR-210 levels in the AT, RJ, and AT + RJ groups were higher than in the OVXD group (P ≤ 0.05). Although miR-126 levels in the RJ and AT + RJ groups were higher than in the OVXD group (P ≤ 0.05), the effects of AT and RJ separately on increasing VEGF and eNOS were more favorable than the combined effect of AT + RJ. Conclusions: While both AT and RJ supplementation individually increase markers of vascular angiogenesis, the simultaneous effects of these two interventions seem to moderate this mechanism.

Exercise effects on brain health and learning from minutes to months: The brain EXTEND trial

Despite evidence that aerobic exercise benefits the aging brain, in particular the hippocampus and memory, controlled clinical trials have not comprehensively evaluated effects of aerobic exercise training on human memory in older adults. The central goal of this study was to determine chronic effects of moderate-to-vigorous intensity aerobic exercise on the hippocampus and memory in non-demented, inactive adults ages 55–80 years. We determine effects of aerobic exercise training with a 6-month randomized controlled trial (RCT) comparing 150 min/week of home-based, light intensity exercise with progressive moderate-to-vigorous intensity aerobic exercise. For the first time in a large trial, we examined temporal mechanisms by determining if individual differences in the rapid, immediate effects of moderate intensity exercise on hippocampal-cortical connectivity predict chronic training-related changes over months in connectivity and memory. We examined physiological mechanisms by testing the extent to which chronic training-related changes in cardiorespiratory fitness are a critical factor to memory benefits. The Exercise Effects on Brain Connectivity and Learning from Minutes to Months (Brain-EXTEND) trial is conceptually innovative with advanced measures of hippocampal-dependent learning and memory processes combined with novel capture of the physiological changes, genetic components, and molecular changes induced by aerobic exercise that change hippocampal-cortical connectivity. Given that hippocampal connectivity deteriorates with Alzheimer's and aerobic exercise may contribute to reduced risk of Alzheimer's, our results could lead to an understanding of the physiological mechanisms and moderators by which aerobic exercise reduces risk of this devastating and costly disease.

Effects of combined aerobic and resistance training on the inflammatory profile of children with overweight/obesity: A randomized clinical trial.

We assessed the effects of a 20-week combined (aerobic and resistance) exercise training programme on the inflammatory profile of prepubertal children with overweight or obesity. Totally 109 participants (10.1 ± 1.1 years, 41% girls) were randomly allocated to an exercise or control group. Adiponectin, C-reactive protein, epidermal growth factor, insulin-like growth factor-1, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, leptin, tumour necrosis factor-α and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) were analysed in plasma. Total white blood cell (WBC) count and immune subpopulations (eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils, lymphocytes and monocytes) were also determined. No intervention effect was found for any of the analysed biomarkers (all p ≥ 0.05). We observed a significant sex by intervention interaction for IL-1β (p = 0.03). When stratifying the sample by sex, the exercise programme induced a significant effect on IL-1β levels (mean Z-score difference, 0.66 [95% confidence interval 0.32-1.01]) in girls, but not in boys. A lower number of girls in the exercise group showed a meaningful reduction in IL-1β (i.e., ≥0.2 standard deviations) than in the control group (15% vs. 85%, p = 0.01). This exercise programme failed to improve the inflammatory profile in prepubertal children with overweight/obesity. Future studies should explore the effect of longer exercise interventions and in combination with diet.

Moderate aerobic training counterbalances the deleterious effect of undernutrition on oxidative balance and mitochondrial markers

The state of Maternal Protein Malnutrition (MPM) is associated with several deleterious effects, including inflammatory processes and dysregulation in oxidative balance, which can promote neurodegeneration. On the other hand, it is known that aerobic exercise can promote systemic health benefits, combating numerous chronic diseases. Therefore, we evaluate the effect of aerobic exercise training (AET) on indicators of mitochondrial bioenergetics, oxidative balance, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and neurotrophic factor in the prefrontal cortex of malnourished juvenile Wistar rats. Pregnant Wistar rats were fed with a diet containing 17% or 8% casein during pregnancy and lactation. At 30 days of life, male offspring were divided into 4 groups: Low-Protein Control (LS), Low-Protein Trained (LT), Normoprotein Control (NS), and Normoprotein Trained (NT). The trained groups performed an AET for 4 weeks, 5 days a week, 1 h a day per session. At 60 days of life, the animals were sacrificed and the skeletal muscle, and prefrontal cortex (PFC) were removed to evaluate the oxidative metabolism markers and gene expression of ATF-6, GRP78, PERK and BDNF. Our results showed that MPM impairs oxidative metabolism associated with higher oxidative and reticulum stress. However, AET restored the levels of indicators of mitochondrial bioenergetics, in addition to promoting resilience to cellular stress. AET at moderate intensity for 4 weeks in young Wistar rats can act as a non-pharmacological intervention in fighting against the deleterious effects of a protein-restricted maternal diet.

Aerobic training increases renal antioxidant defence and reduces angiotensin II levels, mitigating the high mortality in SHR-STZ model

Objectve The purpose of the research was to investigate the effects of aerobic training on renal function, oxidative stress, intrarenal renin–angiotensin system, and mortality of hypertensive and diabetic (SHR-STZ) rats. Materials and Methods Blood pressure, creatinine, urea levels, urinary glucose, urine volume, and protein excretion were reduced in trained SHR-STZ rats. Results Aerobic training not only attenuated oxidative stress but also elevated the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the kid′ney of SHR-STZ rats. Training increased intrarenal levels of angiotensin-converting enzymes (ACE and ACE2) as well as the neprilysin (NEP) activity, along with decreased intrarenal angiotensin II (Ang II) levels. Aerobic training significantly improved the survival of STZ-SHR rats. Conclusion The protective role of aerobic training was associated with improvements in the renal antioxidative capacity, reduced urinary protein excretion along with reduced intrarenal Ang II and increased NEP activity. These findings might reflect a better survival under the combined pathological conditions, hypertension, and diabetes.

Brain neuroplasticity in multiple sclerosis patients in functional magnetic resonance imaging studies. Part 2: Effect of aerobic training.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of aerobic training on motor cortical areas in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, based on task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (t-fMRI) as well as on brain activity at rest, according to resting state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) studies. Multiple sclerosis patients were divided into 2 groups consisting of 14 participants each: the MS study group and the MS control group. All MS patients underwent clinical assessment and MRI examination, twice: in the MS study group at the time of inclusion in the study and after a 4-week period of aerobic training, whereas in the MS control group it happened at the time of inclusion and after a period of one month without exercise rehabilitation. The MRI study protocol included rs-fMRI and t-fMRI sequences, which were the grounds for an analysis of resting state networks (RSN) as well as peak level and cluster level parameters within motor cortex areas - the primary motor cortex, premotor area, and supplementary motor area, respectively. In the MS study group, aerobic training improved the clinical condition and decreased the functional correlation between the sensorimotor network and the salience network. Also, significant decreases of the mean cluster level (72.42 vs. 38.35) and peak level values (10.89 vs. 7.64) were observed in the contralateral primary motor cortex in this group of patients between examinations. Aerobic training not only improves physical performance but also contributes to changes in brain activity - both within RSN and motor cortex areas in MS patients.

Effects of concurrent aerobic and strength training in women diagnosed with non-metastatic breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

To investigate the potential impact of concurrent aerobic and strength training (CT) on women diagnosed with breast cancer. Articles published in English and indexed in the PubMed, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, The Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, EMBASE, and CINAHL Plus databases from their inception to 12 December 2023 were searched. Eligible studies were randomized controlled trials that involved CT and assessed cardiorespiratory fitness, cancer-related fatigue, and quality of life (QoL) using specialized tools. Subgroup analyses were conducted as per treatment status and characteristics. Risk of bias was evaluated with the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool (RoB 2.0). This study included 29 studies involving 2071 participants. CT was found to significantly improve patients' cardiorespiratory fitness (weighted mean difference = 4.24mL/kg/min, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.93-6.55, P < 0.001), cancer-related fatigue (standardized mean difference (SMD) = - 0.74, 95% CI = - 1.05 to - 0.44, P < 0.001), and QoL (SMD = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.50-1.01, P < 0.001). The analysis of secondary outcomes found that CT could significantly improve patients' body composition, anxiety, pain, sleep disorders, and anorexia and enhance upper and lower limb muscle strength, but was ineffective on depression. For women with breast cancer, CT significantly enhances cardiorespiratory fitness, alleviates cancer-related fatigue, and improves QoL. The health benefits of CT are inferior in the postmenopausal cohort compared to the overall study population. CT is advisable for female breast cancer survivors due to its significant effectiveness in mitigating cancer-related fatigue, enhancing cardiorespiratory fitness, and improving the QoL.

Improving the neuromuscular fitness of patients with type 2 diabetes by aquatic exercise training - The Diabetes and Aquatic Training Study (DATS 3): a randomized controlled trial.

To compare the effects of aquatic aerobic and combined training on neuromuscular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. Patients with type 2 diabetes were randomized to an aerobic aquatic training (AERO), a combined aquatic training (COMBI) or a procedure control (CON) three weekly for 15 weeks. The sessions were 50 minutes long. Maximal strength and muscle endurance were assessed by the 1RM and maximum repetitions at 60% 1RM tests, respectively, in knee extension and elbow flexion exercises. Timed up and go test, testosterone, cortisol and testosterone:cortisol ratio also were evaluated. Participants had 59.0±8.2 years, 51% women. All groups increased (P<0.001) the maximal knee extension strength (Mean Difference: AERO: 21.1 kg; COMBI: 14.6 kg; CON: 4.4 kg), while only COMBI group increased (P<0.001) the maximal elbow flexion strength (Mean Difference: 2.6 kg). Muscle endurance in both exercises were increased in all groups. The Timed Up and Go test at the usual and maximal speed decreased in all groups. Testosterone were not modified in present study, while cortisol and testosterone:cortisol were improved in COMBI group. Aquatic training, especially combined aquatic training, improve the neuromuscular fitness of patients with type 2 diabetes.

Effect of Reflexology versus Aerobic Training on Insomnia Severity Index and Quality of Life in Hypertensive Patients

Effect of Reflexology versus Aerobic Training on Insomnia Severity Index and Quality of Life in Hypertensive Patients

Aerobic Training With Blood Flow Restriction on Muscle Hypertrophy and Strength: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

de Lemos Muller, CH, Farinha, JB, Leal-Menezes, R, and Ramis, TR. Aerobic training with blood flow restriction on muscle hypertrophy and strength: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Strength Cond Res 38(7): 1341-1349, 2024-Integrating strength and endurance training in a single exercise session, even on separate days, can be physically demanding and time-consuming. Therefore, there is a growing interest in identifying efficient training methods that can concurrently enhance cardiovascular and neuromuscular performance through a singular training modality. This study conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the effects of aerobic training with blood flow restriction (AT + BFR) on muscle hypertrophy and strength gains in healthy individuals. Our study was registered at PROSPERO and used multiple databases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science), seeking clinical trials that examined AT + BFR influence on muscle hypertrophy and strength gains in individuals aged 18-60 years and comparing with aerobic training without BFR. The risk of bias and method quality were assessed using the ROB2.0 tool and PEDro scale, respectively, and the quality of evidence was evaluated with the GRADE method. A random-effects model was used for meta-analysis, and standardized mean difference (SMD) was calculated for each outcome. Of 4,462 records, 29 full texts were assessed for eligibility, with 7 articles meeting the inclusion criteria. The results indicated that AT + BFR was more beneficial for inducing muscle hypertrophy than aerobic training without BFR (SMD [95% CI] = 0.86 [0.37-1.35]; I2 = 42%). Furthermore, AT + BFR was associated with greater improvements in muscle strength (SMD [95% CI] = 0.41 [0.10-0.72]; I2 = 0%). Despite the generally high risk of bias for both outcomes, these encouraging findings underscore the clinical significance of AT + BFR as a compelling tool for enhancing neuromuscular parameters.

Aerobic Training on the Physical Fitness and Technical Variables of Male Ice Hockey Players

Hockey attained greater level of popularity all over the World and played on sand, natural grass and artificial turf ground. The modem game of hockey demands that each member of the team be able to play in all positions. The purpose of the study was to find out the effect of aerobic training on physical fitness and skill variables of men hockey players. The selected physical fitness and skill variables were hitting and dribbling, To achieve this purpose total (N=30) subjects selected from Faculty of General Adapted Physical Education and Yoga, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational and Research Institute, Coimbatore. The subjects are selected by purposive sampling method. The subjects are equally divided into two groups namely group - I (n - 15) Aerobic training with Skill Training group and group –II (n - 15) acted as control group. Their age ranged between 18 to 25 years. The physical fitness variable cardio respiratory endurance was measured with 12 minutes run/walk test and skill variables namely dribbling was tested with SAI Hockey Skill Test. The training periods consists a total of eight weeks, which includes training for 5 days a week from evening 5 to 6 pm. The collected data were treated with paired ‘t’ test. The results of the study shows that aerobic training play a significant role in improving physical fitness variables namely cardio respiratory endurance and skill performance variables namely hitting and dribbling of college men hockey players.

Comparison of The Effectiveness of Aerobic Endurance Training and Resistance Exercise on Reducing Daily Blood Sugar in The Elderly at The Puter Community Health Center Bandung City

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic condition that occurs when there is an increase in glucose levels in the blood because the body cannot produce insulin or use insulin effectively. Insulin is an important hormone produced in the body's pancreatic gland, which transports glucose from the bloodstream into the body's cells where the glucose is converted into energy. This study uses a comparative study with experimental method to find out the comparison results of the treatment given to samples from aerobic exercise intervention treatment with resistance exercise, The first group will do Aerobic Endurance Exercise by walking for 20 minutes. While the second group will do Resistance Exercise by doing strength training or resistance training for 20 minutes, rest time is 15 seconds and the movement is done as many as 2 sets and 10 repetitions. Subject characteristics based on average age (61.58 ± 6.50), body weight (71.86 ± 9.76), body height (157.27 ± 8.99), and BMI of elderly people suffering from diabetes mellitus falls into the obese category with a value of (27.71 ± 4.23). The value of aerobic before exercise is (26.41 ± 33.67) after exercise it decrease (11.74 ± 10.28), resistance exercise before exercise is (31.74 ± 54.10) after exercise it decrease (9.33 ± 23.46). In this study it can be concluded that aerobic endurance and resistance exercise can reduce the increase in blood sugar in the elderly, but when compared to the two exercises, resistance exercise suppresses the increase in blood sugar more, of course with the appropriate intensity.

The effects of aerobic gymnastics training on performance-related variables in an elite athlete: a 2-year follow-up study.

This study investigates individual performance adaptations on 2years of training between European Aerobics Championships. An elite, 22-year-old aerobic gymnast performed postural coordination test, Y-Balance test, squat and countermovement jumps, 60s test of repeated jumps, an isokinetic leg muscle strength test, and the Wingate test. Postural stability and flexibility improved in terms of increased distance achieved in the Y-Balance test in the anterior (by 6.3%), posteromedial (by 2%), and posterolateral (by 4.8%) directions. Lower limb muscular endurance also increased, which can be corroborated by a reduced fatigue index in the 60s test of repeated jumps (from 42% to 27% after the 1st and to 22% after the 2nd year of training). In addition, mean power increased during dominant (by 23.2% at 60°/s and by 18.5% at 180°/s) and non-dominant leg extension (by 4.9% at 180°/s and by 15.5% at 300°/s), plus dominant leg flexion (by 2.0% at 60°/s and by 6.9% at 300°/s). Similarly, peak torque/body weight ratio increased during dominant (by 24.9% at 60°/s, by 11.5% at 180°/s, and by 2.1% at 300°/s) and non-dominant leg extension (by 0.5% at 60°/s and by 6.4% at 300°/s), plus dominant leg flexion (by 1.7% at 60°/s and by 5.4% at 300°/s). However, 2years of training failed to show any significant improvements in the explosive power of lower limbs and anaerobic performance. These findings indicate that general aerobic gymnastics training without any specific inputs leads to performance adaptation, namely, in abilities closely related to competition routine (dynamic balance and strength endurance of lower limbs).

Effects of Aerobic Exercise and Resistance Training among Overweight Female College Students

In the 21st century, with the improvement and improvement of people's quality of life and living standards, the diet structure and lifestyle have changed dramatically, and there are more and more obese people. College students have uneven nutrition, high-calorie, high-sugar foods, and lack of physical activity. In this study, the experimental method is used to interfere with the weight loss of overweight female college students through aerobic exercise combination of resistance training. The exercise intervention intensity is 4 times a week, 2 hours each, and 5 consecutive weeks. Compared with the body composition before and after experiment, health related fitness, cardiopulmonary function test. The results of the study show that the 5-week aerobic exercise combination of resistance training can significantly reduce the weight, body mass index, body fat rate, waist, waist and hip ratio, etc., which also significantly improve the basic metabolic rate. However, the impact of legs and arms are not obvious. 5 weeks of aerobic exercise combined with resistance training can significantly improve the 800-meter score of overweight female college students, but the impact on sitting flexion and sit-up indicators is not obvious. 5 weeks of aerobic exercise combined with resistance training can significantly increase the vital capacity of overweight female college students, but the impact on the resting heart rate index is not obvious. We believe that this experimental scheme can effectively help female college students lose weight.