Effectiveness Of Disease Prevention Research Articles

Prevalence of the Utilization of Dietary Supplements Among Female Adults in ACCRA, Ghana

Objective: The utilization of dietary supplements has spiked in Sub-Saharan Africa despite no statistical evidence of their safety and effectiveness in disease protection, prevention and promotion. This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence rate of the utilization of dietary supplements among female adults in Accra, Ghana. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was carried out with a sample size of 392 female adults in Accra, Ghana. Participants completed a valid and reliable online questionnaire (Cronbach's alpha = 0.776 and valid at 2-tailed significant value). Pie Chart and Chi-square analyses were used to determine the significant difference between variables. Results: According to the study findings, 84% of female adults in Accra, Ghana, take some form of dietary supplements. 91% of female adults between the ages of 21-40 years old in Accra, Ghana, consume vitamins as a form of dietary supplement. In addition, there is a statistically significant association between age and the utilization of dietary supplements. Younger female adults utilize dietary supplements more than older female adults. Conclusion: Health promotion and education are needed to provide knowledge and awareness on dietary supplements to ensure the safety and efficacy of dietary supplement consumption.

Moderate-intensity aerobic exercise inhibits cell pyroptosis to improve myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MI/RI) significantly impacts the patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), with the NLRP3-mediated necrosis exacerbates the pathological progression of myocardial infarction. Exercise, recognized as a crucial approach for both disease prevention and treatment, is widely utilized in clinical practice worldwide and has demonstrated broad effectiveness in cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention. To explore the cardio protective effect of exercise preconditioning and the mechanism by which exercise modulation of NLRP3 improves myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury. In this study, C57BL/6N mice were employed to establish an exercise preconditioning model and a MI/RI model. The exercise intervention involved moderate-intensity aerobic exercise on a treadmill (50-70% VO2max) for small animals. Our research findings indicate that moderate-intensity aerobic exercise intervention improved cardiac function, reduced myocardial injury and inflammatory response, decreased myocardial infarction area and degree of cell apoptosis in mice compared to those raised under conventional conditions. Additionally, the expression of NLRP3 in the myocardial tissue of mice with MI/RI was reduced after exercise intervention. Moreover, exercise inhibited the activation of apoptosis related proteins such as Caspase-1 and GSDMD, while reducing the levels of inflammatory factors such as IL-1β and IL-18. This study found that moderate-intensity aerobic exercise can reduce the inflammatory response, reduce the degree of cell pyroptosis, reduce myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury, and achieve endogenous protective effects on the myocardium.

Early diagnosis of wheat powdery mildew using solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence and hyperspectral reflectance

Powdery mildew disease threatens wheat production worldwide, and early detection is of great significance for disease control and maximizing yield and quality. To improve early remote sensing detection of wheat powdery mildew, solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) parameters were extracted using three-band Fraunhofer line discrimination (3FLD) and reflectance index approaches, and vegetation index (VI) was calculated by hyperspectral reflectance. All features and feature subsets of different data sources were used as inputs to multiple linear regression (MLR), random forest (RF), and support vector machine (SVM) algorithms to construct a wheat powdery mildew monitoring model. SVM includes linear kernel function (LK), polynomial kernel function (PK), and Gaussian radial basis function (RBF). Under wheat powdery mildew stress, wheat canopy reflectance showed a blue shift, and fluorescence weakened. The correlation between SIF−A intensity and disease index (DI) in the O2−A band extracted using the 3FLD method was the highest at −0.781, showing that the SIF parameter was useful for monitoring powdery mildew. Whether based on all features or feature subsets, the RBF model achieved the highest model accuracy, followed by the RF and the MLR. In the feature subset, the accuracy ranges of RBF, LK, and PK models are 0.740−0.871, 0.724−0.850, and 0.716−0.841 respectively. The SIF+VI in the RBF model is more useful for early and stable disease monitoring of wheat powdery mildew. This innovative technical solution is expected to support the early diagnosis of wheat powdery mildew, significantly improving disease prevention and control efficiency and effectiveness.

Optimization of fermentation conditions for Bacillus velezensis TCS001 and evaluation of its growth promotion and disease prevention effects on strawberries

Bacillus velezensis TCS001 is a novel biocontrol bacterium with broad-spectrum antifungal activity and plant growth-promoting effects, holding great potential for development in agricultural production. This study optimized the fermentation conditions for B. velezensis TCS001 through single-factor experiments combined with response surface methodology, and developed a formulation for TCS001 suspension concentrate (TCS001-SC). The efficacy of TCS001-SC to promote the growth of strawberries and to prevent and control strawberry anthracnose was evaluated. The optimal liquid fermentation condition for TCS001 was determined to be 2.89 % soluble peanut cake powder, 3.0 % glucose, 3.0 % soluble starch, 0.002 % FePO4, 0.006 % KCl, 0.6 % NaCl, 0.05 % MgCl2·6H2O, 0.3 % K2HPO4, 0.15 % KH2PO4, 0.05 % CaCO3, 0.005 % MnSO4, a working volume of 31 % (77.5 mL/250 mL), a rotation speed of 173 r/min, a cultivation temperature of 28°C, an inoculum volume of 1.0 %, and a pH of 7.0. The 15 L fermenter upscale culture achieved a spore count of 9.46 × 109 CFU/mL, which was 2.01 times the spore count of 4.7 × 109 CFU/mL before optimization, and a preliminary TCS001-SC was developed with the fermented broth as the main component. Agar plate confrontation tests showed that TCS001 had antifungal activity against five types of anthracnose fungi, with inhibition rates ranging from 70.3 % to 87.2 %. TCS001-SC could promote the growth of strawberries and induce a rapid defense enzyme response in their leaves, enhancing the plant's resistance to pathogens. After treatment, individual strawberry plants showed significant increases in the number of leaves, fresh weight of stems and leaves, root fresh weight, leaf area, plant height, and the content of POD, SOD, CAT enzymes, GA, IAA, and ABA compared to the control.Additionally, it shows good prevention and control effects against strawberry anthracnose, with a control efficacy of 60.45% after five spray treatments at a concentration of 2 × 107 CFU/mL, which is not significantly different from the efficacy of commercial microbial agents such as Bacillus subtilis wettable powder, subsequent field trials will be conducted to determine its potential as a microbial pesticide. This study provides important support for the future industrial production and application of the strain TCS001.

Unveiling the frontiers of potato disease research through bibliometric analysis.

Research on potato diseases had been widely reported, but a systematic review of potato diseases was lacking. Here, bibliometrics was used to systematically analyze the progress of potato disease. The publications related to "potato" and "disease" were searched in the Web of Science (WOS) from 2014 to 2023. The results showed that a total of 2095 publications on potato diseases were retrieved, with the annual publication output increasing year by year at a growth rate of 8.52%. The main countries where publications were issued were the United States, China, and India. There was relatively close cooperation observed between China, the United States, and the United Kingdom in terms of international collaboration, while international cooperation by India was less extensive. Based on citation analysis and trending topics, potential future research directions include nanoparticles, which provides highly effective carriers for biologically active substances due to their small dimensions, extensive surface area, and numerous binding sites; machine learning, which facilitates rapid identification of relevant targets in extensive datasets, thereby accelerating the process of disease diagnosis and fungicide innovation; and synthetic communities composed of various functional microorganisms, which demonstrate more stable effects in disease prevention and control.

Detection of the Pine Wilt Disease Using a Joint Deep Object Detection Model Based on Drone Remote Sensing Data

Disease and detection is crucial for the protection of forest growth, reproduction, and biodiversity. Traditional detection methods face challenges such as limited coverage, excessive time and resource consumption, and poor accuracy, diminishing the effectiveness of forest disease prevention and control. By addressing these challenges, this study leverages drone remote sensing data combined with deep object detection models, specifically employing the YOLO-v3 algorithm based on loss function optimization, for the efficient and accurate detection of tree diseases and pests. Utilizing drone-mounted cameras, the study captures insect pest image information in pine forest areas, followed by segmentation, merging, and feature extraction processing. The computing system of airborne embedded devices is designed to ensure detection efficiency and accuracy. The improved YOLO-v3 algorithm combined with the CIoU loss function was used to detect forest pests and diseases. Compared to the traditional IoU loss function, CIoU takes into account the overlap area, the distance between the center of the predicted frame and the actual frame, and the consistency of the aspect ratio. The experimental results demonstrate the proposed model’s capability to process pest and disease images at a slightly faster speed, with an average processing time of less than 0.5 s per image, while achieving an accuracy surpassing 95%. The model’s effectiveness in identifying tree pests and diseases with high accuracy and comprehensiveness offers significant potential for developing forest inspection protection and prevention plans. However, limitations exist in the model’s performance in complex forest environments, necessitating further research to improve model universality and adaptability across diverse forest regions. Future directions include exploring advanced deep object detection models to minimize computing resource demands and enhance practical application support for forest protection and pest control.

Machine learning for predicting Chagas disease infection in rural areas of Brazil.

Chagas disease is a severe parasitic illness that is prevalent in Latin America and often goes unaddressed. Early detection and treatment are critical in preventing the progression of the illness and its associated life-threatening complications. In recent years, machine learning algorithms have emerged as powerful tools for disease prediction and diagnosis. In this study, we developed machine learning algorithms to predict the risk of Chagas disease based on five general factors: age, gender, history of living in a mud or wooden house, history of being bitten by a triatomine bug, and family history of Chagas disease. We analyzed data from the Retrovirus Epidemiology Donor Study (REDS) to train five popular machine learning algorithms. The sample comprised 2,006 patients, divided into 75% for training and 25% for testing algorithm performance. We evaluated the model performance using precision, recall, and AUC-ROC metrics. The Adaboost algorithm yielded an AUC-ROC of 0.772, a precision of 0.199, and a recall of 0.612. We simulated the decision boundary using various thresholds and observed that in this dataset a threshold of 0.45 resulted in a 100% recall. This finding suggests that employing such a threshold could potentially save 22.5% of the cost associated with mass testing of Chagas disease. Our findings highlight the potential of applying machine learning to improve the sensitivity and effectiveness of Chagas disease diagnosis and prevention. Furthermore, we emphasize the importance of integrating socio-demographic and environmental factors into neglected disease prediction models to enhance their performance.

Differential effects of theasinensins and epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate on phospholipid bilayer structure and liposomal aggregation

(−)-Epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCg), the major catechin responsible for the health-enhancing and disease-preventive effects of green tea, is susceptible to auto-oxidation at physiological pH levels. However, whether the oxidized EGCg resulting from its oral consumption possesses any bioactive functions remains unclear. This study presents a differential analysis of intact and oxidized EGCg regarding their interactions with phosphatidylcholine liposomes, serving as a simple biomembrane model. In the presence of ascorbic acid, pre-oxidized EGCg induced liposomal aggregation in a dose-dependent manner, whereas intact EGCg did not. Toxicity evaluation using calcein-loaded liposomes revealed that liposomal aggregation is associated with minimal membrane damage. Through fractionation of the oxidized EGCg sample, the fraction containing theasinensins showed high liposomal aggregation activity. Overall, these results suggest that oxidatively condensed EGCg dimers may stimulate various cells by altering the plasma membrane in a manner different from that of EGCg monomers.

Post- 14-day Quarantine COVID-19 Detection: A Consideration on Effectiveness in Disease Prevention

Post- 14-day Quarantine COVID-19 Detection: A Consideration on Effectiveness in Disease Prevention

Enhancing the Bioavailability and Bioactivity of Curcumin for Disease Prevention and Treatment.

Curcumin, a natural polyphenolic component from Curcuma longa roots, is the main bioactive component of turmeric spice and has gained increasing interest due to its proposed anti-cancer, anti-obesity, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and lipid-lowering effects, in addition to its thermogenic capacity. While intake from dietary sources such as curry may be sufficient to affect the intestinal microbiome and thus may act indirectly, intact curcumin in the body may be too low (<1 microM) and not sufficient to affect signaling and gene expression, as observed in vitro with cultured cells (10-20 microM). Several strategies can be envisioned to increase curcumin levels in the body, such as decreasing its metabolism or increasing absorption through the formation of nanoparticles. However, since high curcumin levels could also lead to undesired regulatory effects on cellular signaling and gene expression, such studies may need to be carefully monitored. Here, we review the bioavailability of curcumin and to what extent increasing curcumin levels using nanoformulations may increase the bioavailability and bioactivity of curcumin and its metabolites. This enhancement could potentially amplify the disease-preventing effects of curcumin, often by leveraging its robust antioxidant properties.

Evaluation of quality consistency of Astragali radix by multi-dimensional profiles combined with chemometric analysis

Astragali radix (AR) is not only a traditional Chinese medicine, but also a good tonic that is often consumed by people and has good disease prevention and health care effects.

About Community Health Centers in the Main District of Chongqing Municipality Current Situation and Measures of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Introduction

With the acceleration of urbanization and the increase of population mobility, the public health and safety situation in the main urban area of Chongqing, as a modern metropolis with rapid economic development and dense population, has become increasingly complex and severe. The outbreak and spread of infectious diseases pose a serious threat to the lives and health of community residents and social stability, so it is crucial to strengthen the research on the prevention and control system of infectious diseases in grassroots community health service centers. Grassroots community health service centers in the main urban areas of Chongqing are the foundation and frontier of the entire public health prevention and control system, which is directly related to the health level of community residents and community public health safety. In the current global context of multiple, new, and frequent outbreaks of infectious diseases, it has become imperative to strengthen the construction of the infectious disease prevention and control system of grassroots community health service centers to improve the effectiveness and level of infectious disease prevention and control. This study will focus on the infectious disease prevention and control system of grassroots community health centers in the main urban areas of Chongqing, aiming to deeply analyze its composition structure, functional positioning, operation mechanism, personnel quality and facilities and equipment. Through the study and analysis of the infectious disease prevention and control system, existing problems and bottlenecks will be identified, and feasible and operable optimization suggestions will be made to promote the improvement and enhancement of the infectious disease prevention and control system. The significance of this study is not only to provide scientific basis and practical guidance for the improvement of the infectious disease prevention and control system in the main urban area of Chongqing, but also to provide reference and experience sharing for similar problems in other cities and regions, so as to jointly promote the modernization and standardization of the infectious disease prevention and control system of China's grassroots community health service centers, in order to ensure the health and safety of the community residents.

Disease incidence and not case fatality drives the rural disadvantage in myocardial-infarction-related mortality in Germany

ObjectiveDemographic and infrastructural developments might compromise medical care provision in rural regions, particularly for acute health conditions. Studying the case of myocardial infarction (MI), we investigated how MI-related mortality at ages 65+ varies between rural and urban regions in Germany and to what extent differences are driven by varying case fatality and disease incidence. MethodsThe study relies on data containing all hospitalizations, cause-specific deaths and population counts for the total German population between years 2012–2018 and ages 65+. MI-related mortality, MI incidence and case fatality are compared between urban and rural regions in a population-wide analysis. The impacts of changing incidence and case fatality on rural-urban MI-related mortality differences are assessed using a counterfactual approach. ResultsRural regions in Germany show systematically higher MI-related death rates and MI incidence at ages 65+ compared to urban regions. Higher mortality is primarily the result of higher MI incidence in rural regions, while case fatality is largely similar. The rural excess in MI-related death rates would be nullified and 1 out of 6 MI-related deaths in rural regions could be prevented if rural regions in Germany would have at least the median MI incidence of urban regions. ConclusionsMI incidence and not case fatality drives the rural disadvantage in MI-related mortality in Germany. Higher MI incidence points towards potential regional variation in the effectiveness of disease prevention. The findings highlight that improving disease prevention at the patient level carries larger opportunities for reducing regional MI-related mortality inequalities in Germany.

Metabiotics - a new direction in the effectiveness of disease prevention and treatment

The authors consider the symbiotic microbiota of the human body as a leading factor in the health of the entire body, which should be managed in order to prevent and treat various diseases and possibilities of metabiotics and targeted metabiotics used for this purpose as the most promising direction for the treatment and prevention of diseases of various organs. It was noted that Russia is one of the first countries to assess biotechnological prospects and the importance of creating metabiotics for various purposes, capable of preventing, restoring and regulating physiological functions, biochemical and behavioral responses, signaling intra and intercellular communications, epigenetic regulation of gene expression and post-translational modification of their final products.

Therapeutic potential of plant-derived extracellular vesicles as nanocarriers for exogenous miRNAs

Cell-to-cell communication strategies include extracellular vesicles (EVs) in plants and animals. The bioactive molecules in a diet rich in vegetables and fruits are associated with disease-preventive effects. Plant-derived EVs (PDEVs) are biogenetically and morphologically comparable to mammalian EVs and transport bioactive molecules, including miRNAs. However, the biological functions of PDEVs are not fully understood, and standard isolation protocols are lacking. Here, PDEVs were isolated from four foods with a combination of ultracentrifugation and size exclusion chromatography, and evaluated as vehicles for enhanced transport of synthetic miRNAs. In addition, the role of food-derived EVs as carriers of dietary (poly)phenols and other secondary metabolites was investigated. EVs from broccoli, pomegranate, apple, and orange were efficiently isolated and characterized. In all four sources, 4 miRNA families were present in tissues and EVs. miRNAs present in broccoli and fruit-derived EVs showed a reduced RNase degradation and were ferried inside exposed cells.EVs transfected with a combination of ath-miR159a, ath-miR162a-3p, ath-miR166b-3p, and ath-miR396b-5p showed toxic effects to human cells, as did natural broccoli EVs alone. PDEVs transport trace amounts of phytochemicals, including flavonoids, anthocyanidins, phenolic acids, or glucosinolates. Thus, PDEVs can act as nanocarriers for functional miRNAs that could be used in RNA-based therapy.

Comprehensive evaluation of the effectiveness of endemic disease prevention and control in Jiangsu Province, China, 2013-2022.

As a strong economic and populous province in China, Jiangsu is home to four endemic diseases. Despite efforts in the past decade, the prevention and control of these four endemic diseases are not uniform because of the different etiological chains and influencing factors of these diseases. Among the evaluation methodologies for endemic disease control, only one method is currently available for each disease. In this study, we selected 14 indicators to comprehensively evaluate the effectiveness of endemic disease control in Jiangsu between 2013 and 2022. We improved the method for calculating the weights of the indicators and established a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model based on the weighted Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution model and a weighted grey relational analysis model. The results of the comprehensive evaluation showed that the progress of endemic disease control in Jiangsu was not always in line with our expectations of improvement, with the top five years of better control occurring in 2015, 2013, 2021, 2022, and 2014. The results of the sensitivity analysis confirm the reliability and accuracy of these findings. We discovered that measures such as the reform of the salt industry, use of thyroid ultrasound, and new water supply projects for residents in Jiangsu affected the progress of endemic disease prevention and control. The tracking of endemic disease status should consider the potential effects of changes in policies implemented in other industries on endemic disease prevention and control. Additionally, the results of this study provide a theoretical basis for enhancing prevention and control practices in other regions of China.

Recent Trends in the Application of Oilseed-Derived Protein Hydrolysates as Functional Foods.

Oilseed-derived proteins have emerged as an excellent alternative to animal sources for the production of bioactive peptides. The bioactivities exhibited by peptides derived from plant proteins encompass a wide range of health-promoting and disease-preventing effects. Peptides demonstrate potential capabilities in managing diseases associated with free radicals and regulating blood pressure. They can also exhibit properties that lower blood sugar levels and modify immune responses. In addition to their bioactivities, plant-derived bioactive peptides also possess various functional properties that contribute to their versatility. An illustration of this potential can be the ability of peptides to significantly improve food preservation and reduce lipid content. Consequently, plant-derived bioactive peptides hold great promise as ingredients to develop functional products. This comprehensive review aims to provide an overview of the research progress made in the elucidation of the biological activities and functional properties of oilseed-derived proteins. The ultimate objective is to enhance the understanding of plant-derived bioactive peptides and provide valuable insights for further research and use in the food and medicine industries.

Carbohydrate-insulin model: does the conventional view of obesity reverse cause and effect?

Conventional obesity treatment, based on the First Law of Thermodynamics, assumes that excess body fat gain is driven by overeating, and that all calories are metabolically alike in this regard. Hence, to lose weight one must ultimately eat less and move more. However, this prescription rarely succeeds over the long term, in part because calorie restriction elicits predictable biological responses that oppose ongoing weight loss. The carbohydrate-insulin model posits the opposite causal direction: overeating doesn't drive body fat increase; instead, the process of storing excess fat drives overeating. A diet high in rapidly digestible carbohydrates raises the insulin-to-glucagon ratio, shifting energy partitioning towards storage in adipose, leaving fewer calories for metabolically active and fuel sensing tissues. Consequently, hunger increases, and metabolic rate slows in the body's attempt to conserve energy. A small shift in substrate partitioning though this mechanism could account for the slow but progressive weight gain characteristic of common forms of obesity. From this perspective, the conventional calorie-restricted, low-fat diet amounts to symptomatic treatment, failing to target the underlying predisposition towards excess fat deposition. A dietary strategy to lower insulin secretion may increase the effectiveness of long-term weight management and chronic disease prevention. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Causes of obesity: theories, conjectures and evidence (Part II)'.

Сравнительная оценка эффективности кормовых добавок на основе торфосапропелевого концентрата при выращивании бройлеров

Abstract. Modern conditions for the development of poultry farming increase the impact of technological stress on the poultry body, which contributes to the development of immunodeficiency conditions in them. Against the background of immunodeficiency, diseases of various etiologies develop, which reduces the efficiency of the industry. To offset the negative result of technological and other types of stress, the search for effective means of domestic production is carried out, which is especially important in the conditions of priority use of alternative import-substituting means. The search for effective means that meet all the requirements of prevention remains to this day an urgent issue of practical veterinary medicine. Feed additives with a wide spectrum of action act as such agents. Often such feed additives act as adaptogens. In this regard, the purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of feed additives prepared on the basis of peat sapropel concentrate mixed with known mineral and probiotic components. The objectives of the study were: to evaluate the effectiveness of disease prevention; causes of morbidity and mortality; livestock safety and improving the quality of fattening. Methods. To assess the effectiveness of the tested domestic feed additives, clinical, pathomorphological, histological studies were carried out in accordance with the zoohygenic conditions of poultry keeping and statistical methods for evaluating the results obtained. As a result of the conducted studies on the preventive feeding of feed additives based on peat sapropel concentrate of domestic production, their immuno- and organoprotective effect was revealed. Scientific novelty. For the first time, a comparative assessment of various feed additives based on peat-sapropel concentrate for the prevention of stress, various diseases, livestock safety and live weight gain of broilers at macro- and microscopic levels was carried out.

Phytochemicals and Vitamin D for a Healthy Life and Prevention of Diseases.

A variety of phytocompounds contained in medical plants have been used as medication, including Kampo (traditional Japanese) medicine. Phytochemicals are one category of the chemical compounds mainly known as antioxidants, and recently, their anti-inflammatory effects in preventing chronic inflammation have received much attention. Here, we present a narrative review of the health-promotion and disease-prevention effects of phytochemicals, including polyphenols, the latter of which are abundant in onions, oranges, tea, soybeans, turmeric, cacao, and grapes, along with the synergetic effects of vitamin D. A phenomenon currently gaining popularity in Japan is finding non-disease conditions, so-called ME-BYO (mibyou) and treating them before they develop into illnesses. In addition to lifestyle-related diseases such as metabolic syndrome and obesity, dementia and frailty, commonly found in the elderly, are included as underlying conditions. These conditions are typically induced by chronic inflammation and might result in multiple organ failure or cancer if left untreated. Maintaining gut microbiota is important for suppressing (recently increasing) intestinal disorders and for upregulating immunity. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the interest in phytochemicals and vitamin D for disease prevention increased, as viral and bacterial infection to the lung causes fatal inflammation, and chronic inflammation induces pulmonary fibrosis. Furthermore, sepsis is a disorder inducing severe organ failure by the infection of microbes, with a high mortality ratio in non-coronary ICUs. However, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) working using natural immunity suppress sepsis at the early stage. The intake of phytochemicals and vitamin D enhances anti-inflammatory effects, upregulates immunity, and reduces the risk of chronic disorders by means of keeping healthy gut microbiota. Evidence acquired during the COVID-19 pandemic revealed that daily improvement and prevention of underlying conditions, in terms of lifestyle-related diseases, is very important because they increase the risk of infectious diseases. This narrative review discusses the importance of the intake of phytochemicals and vitamin D for a healthy lifestyle and the prevention of ME-BYO, non-disease conditions.