Effective Volume Research Articles

Electrostatic Interactions Dominate the Surface Assembly of Silicon‐Based Nanospheres on Carbon Nanofibers for Flexible Lithium‐Ion Batteries

AbstractThe construction of flexible freestanding silicon‐based electrodes eliminates the addition of inactive materials, improving the overall energy density, and effectively avoiding the disadvantage of active materials being easily separated from the collector due to the volume effect. However, many reports of flexible freestanding electrodes lack long‐term cycling stability. Here, 3 different silicon‐based freestanding electrodes are designed and find that the freestanding electrode with surface assembly dominated by electrostatic interactions can significantly improve long‐term cycling stability. Owing to better mechanical properties, this surface‐assembled electrode demonstrates unique flexibility. The conductive framework and unique void structure not only reveal the excellent lithium‐ion diffusion capability and charge‐transfer kinetics but also provide ample space for the volume expansion of the silicon‐based material, which endows electrodes with excellent electrochemical performance. With 2 folds, the capacity remains at 471 mA h g−1 after 1000 cycles (0.5 A g−1). In addition, the as‐prepared flexible pouch cell maintains high capacity and cycling stability after folding, with an average capacity degradation of only 0.01% per cycle during 1000 cycles, highlighting its considerable potential in the development of flexible devices. Remarkably, such interfacial assembly on the fiber surface also enables the modulation of multilayer assembly.

Optimization of reconstruction in quantitative brain PET images: Benefits from PSF modeling and correction of edge artifacts.

Modern PET reconstruction algorithms incorporate point-spread-function (PSF) correction to mitigate partial volume effect. However, PSF correction can introduce edge artifacts that lead to quantification errors. Consequently, current international guidelines advise against using PSF correction in brain PET reconstruction. We aimed to investigate PSF-induced quantification errors in recent digital PET systems and identify conditions that mitigate them. This study utilized brain PET imaging with alginate-based realistic phantoms, simulating lesion-to-background activity ratios of 10:1 and 2:1, with eleven reconstruction parameter sets. Phantoms were prepared using a commercial anthropomorphic head phantom and two homemade inserts. Each insert contained a homogeneous 18F-FDG alginate background with hot spheres of varying diameter (3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 15mm). PET imaging was conducted on a digital PET-CT system Biograph Vision 600 (Siemens), with a 10 min scan duration. Imaging was performed with and without PSF correction, with 2, 4, 6, 12, 18, or 24 iterations in reconstruction, and with or without additional Gaussian postfiltering. We assessed the recovery coefficient (RC), contrast recovery coefficient (CRC), variability, and CRC-to-variability ratios for each sphere size and reconstruction parameter set. PSF-corrected images of the 10:1 spheres exhibited a nonmonotonic CRC-to-sphere diameter relationship due to edge artifacts overshoot in the 10mm-diameter sphere. In contrast, PSF images of the 2:1 spheres showed a monotonically increasing relationship. Non-PSF images of both phantoms showed an expected monotonically increasing CRC-to-sphere diameter relationship but with lower CRC values compared to PSF images. The nonmonotonic relationship observed with 10:1 spheres was mitigated by applying a 3-mm FWHM Gaussian postfiltering. For both phantoms, reconstructions with 6 iterations, PSF correction, and additional 3-mm FWHM Gaussian postfiltering demonstrated the highest CRC-to-variability ratios. Our findings indicate that Gaussian postfiltering suppresses PSF artifacts. This parameter set corrected the nonmonotonic CRC-to-sphere diameter relationship and improved the CRC-to-variability ratio compared to non-PSF reconstructions. Therefore, to enhance lesion detectability without compromising quantification accuracy, PSF correction coupled with Gaussian postfiltering should be used in brain PET.

The Analysis Of Ultrasonic Sensors In Smart Trash Bin Technology Based On Arduino Nano Microcontroller

Waste is an environmental problem that is increasing along with population growth and public consumption. To solve this problem, an automatic device that controls the opening and closing of the trash can without direct touch is developed using an Arduino Nano microcontroller, HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor, VL53L0X LIDAR, and MG996R servo motor. This research aims to evaluate the responsiveness of the sensor in detecting objects, the effect of the interaction of distance, angle, and object thickness on the sensor response time and aims to determine the effect of garbage volume on the response time of the indicator LED light. The test was conducted using the experimental method of distance variation of 20 cm, 30 cm, 40 cm, and 50 cm; angle variation of 0°, 10°, and 20°; and thickness variation of 10 mm, 65 mm, and 120 mm. Data analysis using multiple linear regression research methods shows a P-Value of 0.409 for the ultrasonic sensor with ɑ of 0.05, if the P-Value > ɑ, then H0 is accepted and H1 is rejected which mean that there is no significant effect of the interaction between distance, angle, and thickness of the object on the response time of the trash can lid opening sensor.

The implementation of miniscrews in the infrazygomatic crest and pyramidal process of the maxilla

The article presents an analysis of the features of the use of orthodontic implants in the zygomaticoalveolar ridge and pyramidal process of the palatine bone during distalization of the lateral group of teeth of the upper jaw. The development of a treatment plan and the course of treatment are illustrated by a clinical example of treating a patient in the “Russian University of Medicine” orthodontic clinic, where distalization of the lateral groups of teeth on the upper jaw was performed by 2 mm on the right and 3 mm on the left with support on orthodontic implants installed in the zygomaticoalveolar ridge and pyramidal process of the palatine bone. An assessment of the effectiveness of distalization, bone volume, and gum condition was carried out, differences in the biomechanics of distalization with support on implants installed retromolarly and in the zygomaticoalveolar ridge were noted. The advantages of using orthodontic implants of the intrazygomatic ridge in patients with the dentoalveolar form of distal occlusion were revealed.

Effects of Sports Bras and Breast Volume on Pulmonary System and Respiratory Symptom Responses to Exercise in Healthy Females.

This study assessed the individual and combined effects of sports bras and breast volume on pulmonary system and respiratory symptom responses to exercise in recreationally-active females. Twenty-three healthy females (18-27 y; bra sizes 32B-36DDD) were divided into small and large breast volume groups (SBV and LBV, respectively) around median volume (324 ml; mean ± SD SBV: 284 ± 38 ml vs. LBV: 560 ± 97 ml; p < 0.001, g = 3.84). Participants completed three 5-minute bouts of constant-load cycle exercise at 30, 60, and 90% of their peak power output while wearing a high-support sports bra, low-support sports bralette, or their own (self-selected) sports bra in randomized order. Measurements included ventilation, breathing pattern, respiratory pressures, diaphragm electromyogram (EMGdi), and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), breathlessness (intensity and unpleasantness) and chest tightness due to bra. Compared to low-support and personal sports bras, the high-support sports bra evoked stronger sensations of restricted breathing and chest tightness ('slight' to 'moderate' restriction in n = 7 [30%] vs. n = 1 [4%] in low-support and personal bras; p = 0.014). There was, however, no evidence of greater concomitant inspiratory constraints, EMGdi, or inspiratory muscle pressure generation in either bra (all p > 0.05). Notably, LBV compared to SBV participants reported greater RPE (p = 0.037, ηp2 = 0.20), breathlessness intensity (p = 0.039, ηp2 = 0.20) and unpleasantness (p = 0.041; ηp2 = 0.19), which, in the setting of comparable pulmonary system responses to exercise, was likely driven by stronger perceived chest tightness and/or bra awareness in LBV participants. Despite evoking mild-to-moderately severe chest tightness due to bra during exercise - correctly fitted sports bras, whether low- or high-support, do not impose a physiological burden to the respiratory system and its response to mild-to-heavy intensity exercise in otherwise healthy females.

4D flow MRI velocity uncertainty quantification.

An automatic method is presented for estimating 4D flow MRI velocity measurement uncertainty in each voxel. The velocity distance (VD) metric, a statistical distance between the measured velocity and local error distribution, is introduced as a novel measure of 4D flow MRI velocity measurement quality. The method uses mass conservation to assess the local velocity error variance and the standardized difference of means (SDM) velocity to estimate the velocity error correlations. VD is evaluated as the Mahalanobis distance between the local velocity measurement and the local error distribution. The uncertainty model is validated synthetically and tested in vitro under different flow resolutions and noise levels. The VD's application is demonstrated on two in vivo thoracic vasculature 4D flow datasets. Synthetic results show the proposed uncertainty quantification method is sensitive to aliased regions across various velocity-to-noise ratios and assesses velocity error correlations in four- and six-point acquisitions with correlation errors at or under 3.2%. In vitro results demonstrate the method's sensitivity to spatial resolution, venc settings, partial volume effects, and phase wrapping error sources. Applying VD to assess in vivo 4D flow MRI in the aorta demonstrates the expected increase in measured velocity quality with contrast administration and systolic flow. The proposed 4D flow MRI uncertainty quantification method assesses velocity measurement error owing to sources including noise, intravoxel phase dispersion, and velocity aliasing. This method enables rigorous comparison of 4D flow MRI datasets obtained in longitudinal studies, across patient populations, and with different MRI systems.

Volume Effects in Interactions between L-Histidine and Pyridine Monocarboxylic Acid Isomers in an Aqueous Buffer Solution

Volume Effects in Interactions between L-Histidine and Pyridine Monocarboxylic Acid Isomers in an Aqueous Buffer Solution

Involvement of the basal forebrain and hippocampus in memory deficits in Parkinson's disease

IntroductionMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-determined atrophy of the nucleus basalis of Meynert (Ch4) predicts cognitive decline in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, interactions with other brain regions causing the decline remain unclear. This study aimed to describe how MRI-determined Ch4 atrophy leads to cognitive decline in patients with PD. MethodsWe evaluated 137 patients with PD and 39 healthy controls using neuropsychological examinations, MRI, and 123I-ioflupane single-photon emission computed tomography. First, we explored brain areas with regional gray matter loss correlated with Ch4 volume reduction using voxel-based morphometry (VBM). We then assessed the correlation between Ch4 volume reduction and cognitive impairments in PD using partial correlation coefficients (rpar). Finally, we examined whether the regional gray matter loss mediated the association between Ch4 volume reduction and cognitive impairments using mediation analysis. ResultsOur PD cohort was “advanced-stage enriched.” VBM analyses revealed that Ch4 volume loss was correlated with volume reduction in the medial temporal lobe in PD (P < 0.05, family-wise error corrected, >29 voxels). Ch4 volume reduction was significantly correlated with verbal memory deficits in PD when adjusted for age, sex, total brain volume, and 123I-ioflupane uptake in the caudate (rpar = 0.28, P < 0.001). The mediation analysis revealed that the hippocampus mediated the effects of Ch4 volumes on verbal memory (average causal mediation effect = 0.013, 95 % CI = 0.006–0.020, P < 0.001). ConclusionParticularly in advanced-stage PD, Ch4 atrophy was associated with medial temporal lobe atrophy, which played an intermediary role in the relationship between Ch4 atrophy and verbal memory impairments.

A numerical study on electrical conductivity in hybrid composites—Quantitative analysis of morphology variations in percolating networks

Hybrid composites comprising conducting nanowires (NWs) and insulating particulate fillers exhibit varying trends in their electrical conductivity based on the conditions of the constituent fillers. This study presents a quantitative model that comprehensively describes these changes, encompassing both increasing and decreasing trends. The model is formulated as an equation with two parameters quantifying the excluded volume effect and the NW bending effect, which are considered the primary factors determining NW network morphology in the composites. The influence of the parameters on the electrical conductivity of hybrid composites is analyzed with respect to the size and content of the constituent fillers using Monte Carlo-based simulations and statistical regression techniques. Numerical investigations reveal that distinct conductivity patterns under various particulate filler dimensions result from the interplay of these effects. The proposed model, validated through 2-D and 3-D simulations, effectively captures these complex interactions across diverse configurations of the constituent fillers.

Hippocampal volume maximally modulates the relationship between subsyndromal symptomatic depression and cognitive impairment in non-demented older adults

BackgroundSubsyndromal symptomatic depression (SSD) is associated with an elevated risk of cognitive impairment in non-demented older adults. Given that hippocampal and middle temporal gyrus atrophy have been shown to cause SSD, our study aimed to investigate the effect of hippocampal volume on the association between SSD and cognitive impairment. Methods338 non-demented older adults from the ADNI (Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative) cohort who underwent cognitive assessments, questionnaires on depressive symptoms and MRI brain were studied. SSD group is defined as a score of 1–5 based on Geriatric Depression Scale scores. We conducted causal mediation analyses to investigate the effect of hippocampal volume on cognitive performance cross-sectionally. ResultsThe SSD group displayed lower left and right hippocampal volume (p<0.01) than the non-SSD group. SSD was linked to poorer cognition and smaller hippocampal volume. We found that hippocampal volume partially mediated the effect of SSD on cognitive performance including the global cognition and the cognitive section of Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale, with mediation percentages ranging from 6.45 % to 30.46 %. In addition, we found that the thickness of the left middle temporal, right entorhinal and right fusiform gyrus, brain regions linked to AD, mediate the relationship between SSD and cognition with mediation percentages ranging from 8.67 % to 21.44 %. LimitationsOur article didn't differentiate between mild cognitive impairment and normal population. ConclusionThe associations of SSD and cognitive impairment are linked to alterations in Alzheimer's Disease related brain regions.

Investigation on rock damage associated with ice-filling borehole blasting

Rock excavation and ore extraction in cold regions (e.g., alpine and high-altitude regions) are often conducted using the drill and blasting method. Ice may be presented in boreholes drilled in cold regions due to the potential freezing of water (e.g., water in rock fractures and pores) flowing into boreholes from the surrounding ground. The performance of rock blasting is inevitably affected by the presence of ice and no study has examined the effect of ice in boreholes on rock blasting performance. The present study investigates rock damage induced by the ice-filling borehole blasting. The damage modes and mechanisms of rock mass under the ice-filling borehole blasting are analyzed. The differences of rock damage induced by the sole ice-filling borehole blasting and the ice-water and ice-air mixed filling borehole blasting are identified. The effects of ice volumes in boreholes on blast-induced rock damage are examined. It is found that blast-induced rock damage is greatly reduced as water in boreholes turns into ice. In addition, the blasting with the ice volume greater than 6.7 % filled at the bottom of borehole can induce less rock damage compared to full-coupled charge blasting. To improve the performance of rock blasting with ice-filling boreholes, the effects of two methods, i.e., changing ignition locations and using different types of explosives on rock damage induced by the ice-filling borehole blasting are investigated. An empirical formula of rock damage volume incorporating ice volume, explosive properties, and rock properties is finally proposed as the reference for the design of ice-filling borehole blasting in cold regions.

Modelling and Analysis of Evacuated Tube Solar Collector Working with Hybrid Nanofluid

This research study is concerned with developing a mathematical model for an Evacuated Tube Solar Collector (ETSC) that utilizes a Hybrid Nanofluid flow in a manifold. The model consists of a set of the partial differential equations that, using the dimensional analysis approach, are reduced to a dimensionless system. The exact solution method, assisted by the Mathematica program, is used to solve the system. The study examines the impact of certain factors on flow and heat transmission, including horizontal velocity, temperature variation, heat source, magnetic field, Prandtl Number, and Eckert Number, and provides a detailed analysis of the results. The key findings of the analysis revealed that an increase in hybrid nanoparticle volume effects in a reduce in velocity and heat transfer coefficient. Additionally, elevated heat source and Prandtl number correspond to an increased heat transfer coefficient.

Effect of primary tumor volume on survival of concurrent chemoradiotherapy in stage IV non-small cell lung cancer.

To explore the survival effect of thoracic gross tumor volume (GTV) in three-dimensional (3D) radiotherapy for stage IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The data cases were obtained from a single-center retrospective analysis. From May. From 2008 to August 2018, 377 treatment criteria were enrolled. GTV was defined as the volume of the primary lesion and the hilus as well as the mediastinal metastatic lymph node. Chemotherapy was a platinum-based combined regimen of two drugs. The number of median chemotherapy cycles was 4 (2-6), and the cut-off value of the planning target volume (PTV) dose of the primary tumor was 63 Gy (30-76.5 Gy). The cut-off value of GTV volume was 150 cm3 (5.83-3535.20 cm3). The survival rate of patients with GTV <150 cm3 is better than patients with GTV ≥150 cm3. Multivariate Cox regression analyses suggested that peripheral lung cancer, radiation dose ≥63 Gy, GTV <150 cm3, 4-6 cycles of chemotherapy, and CR + PR are good prognostic factors for patients with stage IV non-small cell lung cancer. The survival rate of patients with GTV <150 cm3 was longer than patients with ≥150 cm3 when they underwent 2 to 3 cycles of chemotherapy concurrent 3D radiotherapy (p < 0.05). When performing 4 to 6 cycles of chemotherapy concurrent 3D radiotherapy, there was no significant difference between <150 cm3 and ≥150 cm3. The volume of stage IV NSCLC primary tumor can affect the survival of patients. Appropriate treatment methods can be opted by considering the volume of tumors to extend patients' lifetime to the utmost.

Effect of water supply material volume and leaf area during transportation on the quality of cut dahlia flowers

Effect of water supply material volume and leaf area during transportation on the quality of cut dahlia flowers

Thermodynamic and transport properties of binary mixtures containing 1,2-propanediol with 2-methoxyethanol and 2-ethoxyethanol at different temperatures

In the present investigation density, speed of sound, and viscosity have been reported for binary liquid mixtures of 1,2-propanediol (1,2-PD) with 2-methoxyethanol (2-ME) and 2-ethoxyethanol (2-EE) over the entire composition range at T= (298.15–323.15) K. From the experimental data, excess molar volume, (VmE), excess isentropic compressibility, (κsE), excess molar isentropic compressibility, (κs,mE), excess speed of sound, (uE), excess isobaric thermal expansion,αpE, and deviation in viscosity (Δη) of liquid mixtures have been calculated. The excess partial molar volume,V¯m,1E, V¯m,2E , excess partial molar isentropic compressibility, K¯s,m,1EK¯s,m,2E over the whole composition range together with partial molar volume,V¯m,10, V¯m,20, partial molar isentropic compressibility K¯s,m,10,K¯s,m,20, excess partial molar volume,V¯m,10E, V¯m,20E and excess partial molar isentropic compressibility, K¯s,m,10E,K¯s,m,20E at infinite dilution have also been calculated. All excess properties have been correlated using the Redlich-Kister smoothing polynomial equation. The VmE results are analysed in the light of Prigogine-Flory-Patterson theory. Analysis of each of the three contributions viz. interactional, free volume, and P* to VmE has shown that interactional contribution and free volume effect are negative for all the mixtures, and P* contribution is positive for the mixtures of 2-ME. The variations of these parameters with changes in composition and temperature have been discussed in terms of intermolecular interactions prevailing in these mixtures. Further, the viscosities of these binary mixtures were correlated theoretically by using various empirical and semi-empirical models and the results were compared with the experimental findings.

Physical Model of Landslide‐Generated Impulse Waves: Experimental Investigation of the Wave‐Granular Flow Coupling

AbstractLarge amplitude and unexpected waves are a regular source of natural disasters. Among them, impulse waves generated by landslides can represent a significant threat. Therefore, predicting and measuring the generation of such waves is essential. In this study, the phenomenon is modeled by a 2D‐experimental setup using a steady non‐uniform granular flow along a slope as a forcing wave generator. The present device provides a continuous supply of grains to avoid finite volume effects, as the part of the landslide actually involved in the wave generation strongly depends on the configuration and is not necessarily available in geophysical events. This system consists of an energy transfer between the granular flow and the wave generation which is characterized by a Froude number. It is found that the latter cannot be defined only based on the dry flow properties to characterize the wave. In particular, the dynamics underwater influence wave generation during a finite time. Accordingly, the present study shows that the wave maximum amplitude is governed by a newly defined Froude number, based on both dry and underwater granular flow properties. Moreover, it is shown that the granular deposit, specifically its runout, can be thought as a proxy of the immersed granular dynamics as long as the impact properties are still considered.

Ultralong lifespan solid-state sodium battery with a supersodiophilic and fast ionic conductive composite sodium anode

Solid-state sodium batteries (SSNBs) are considered as a promising alternative to organic liquid-based batteries due to their excellent safety, high energy density and cost-effectiveness. However, SSNBs suffer from undesirable interfacial contact between Na and solid-state electrolytes such as NASICON-type Na3Zr2Si2PO12 (NZSP), dendritic growth and dramatic volume changes during cycling, which hinder their development towards actual applications. Herein, dendrite-free composite-type Na/NZSP module with ultrafast built-in ionic conductive framework is designed to promote the Na diffusion kinetics, partially restrict the volume effect, and simultaneously improve the wettability towards NZSP. Thanks to the unique module with supersodiophilic property, the thus-made all-solid-state Na-symmetric cells offer a reduced area specific resistance by more than two orders of magnitudes (from 1774.0 Ω cm2 for the pristine Na/NZSP to 14.1 Ω cm2 for the composite-type Na/NZSP module) and endow an ultralong lifespan of 7800 h at room temperature. Moreover, a full SSNB coupling with the Na/NZSP module and Na3V2(PO4)3 cathode achieves extremely long and stable cycling of more than 5760 cycles at 1.0 C with 87.9 % of capacity retention and high-rate capability at 3.0 C, being among the best achievements reported so far. The findings open a new window of composite-type Na/NZSP module design for high-performance SSNBs.

CSF dynamics throughout the ventricular system using 4D flow MRI: associations to arterial pulsatility, ventricular volumes, and age

BackgroundCerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics are increasingly studied in aging and neurological disorders. Models of CSF-mediated waste clearance suggest that altered CSF dynamics could play a role in the accumulation of toxic waste in the CNS, with implications for Alzheimer’s disease and other proteinopathies. Therefore, approaches that enable quantitative and volumetric assessment of CSF flow velocities could be of value. In this study we demonstrate the feasibility of 4D flow MRI for simultaneous assessment of CSF dynamics throughout the ventricular system, and evaluate associations to arterial pulsatility, ventricular volumes, and age.MethodsIn a cognitively unimpaired cohort (N = 43; age 41–83 years), cardiac-resolved 4D flow MRI CSF velocities were obtained in the lateral ventricles (LV), foramens of Monro, third and fourth ventricles (V3 and V4), the cerebral aqueduct (CA) and the spinal canal (SC), using a velocity encoding (venc) of 5 cm/s. Cerebral blood flow pulsatility was also assessed with 4D flow (venc = 80 cm/s), and CSF volumes were obtained from T1- and T2-weighted MRI. Multiple linear regression was used to assess effects of age, ventricular volumes, and arterial pulsatility on CSF velocities.ResultsCardiac-driven CSF dynamics were observed in all CSF spaces, with region-averaged velocity range and root-mean-square (RMS) velocity encompassing from very low in the LVs (RMS 0.25 ± 0.08; range 0.85 ± 0.28 mm/s) to relatively high in the CA (RMS 6.29 ± 2.87; range 18.6 ± 15.2 mm/s). In the regression models, CSF velocity was significantly related to age in 5/6 regions, to CSF space volume in 2/3 regions, and to arterial pulsatility in 3/6 regions. Group-averaged waveforms indicated distinct CSF flow propagation delays throughout CSF spaces, particularly between the SC and LVs.ConclusionsOur findings show that 4D flow MRI enables assessment of CSF dynamics throughout the ventricular system, and captures independent effects of age, CSF space morphology, and arterial pulsatility on CSF motion.

Systemic inflammatory markers and volume of enhancing tissue on post-contrast T1w MRI images in differentiating true tumor progression from pseudoprogression in high-grade glioma

BackgroundHigh-grade glioma (HGG) patients post-radiotherapy often face challenges distinguishing true tumor progression (TTP) from pseudoprogression (PsP). This study evaluates the effectiveness of systemic inflammatory markers and volume of enhancing tissue on post-contrast T1 weighted (T1WCE) MRI images for this differentiation within the first six months after treatment. Material and MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis on a cohort of HGG patients from 2015 to 2021, categorized per WHO 2016 and 2021 criteria. We analyzed treatment responses using modified RANO criteria and conducted volumetry on T1WCE and T2W/FLAIR images.Blood parameters assessed included neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), and systemic inflammation response index (SIRI). We employed Chi-square, Fisher’s exact test, and Mann-Whitney U test for statistical analyses, using log-transformed predictors due to multicollinearity. A Cox regression analysis assessed the impact of PsP- and TTP-related factors on overall survival (OS). ResultsThe cohort consisted of 39 patients, where 16 exhibited PsP and 23 showed TTP. Univariate analysis revealed significantly higher NLR and SII in the TTP group [NLR: 4.1 vs 7.3, p = 0.002; SII 546.5 vs 890.5p = 0.009]. T1WCE volume distinctly differentiated PsP from TTP [2.2 vs 11.7, p < 0.001]. In multivariate regression, significant predictors included NLR and T1WCE volume in the “NLR Model,” and T1WCE volume and SII in the “SII Model.” The study also found a significantly lower OS rate in TTP patients compared to those with PsP [HR 3.97, CI 1.59 to 9.93, p = 0.003]. ConclusionElevated both, SII and NLR, and increased T1WCE volume were effective in differentiating TTP from PsP in HGG patients post-radiotherapy. These results suggest the potential utility of incorporating these markers into clinical practice, though further research is necessary to confirm these findings in larger patient cohorts.

Synergistic associations of CD33 variants and hypertension with brain and cognitive aging among dementia-free older adults: A population-based study.

CD33 rs3865444 and hypertension (HTN) are related to cognitive impairment, individually. However, little is known about their combined effects on cognitive function in older adults. This population-based study included 4368 dementia-free participants (age ≥65 years) in the Multimodal Interventions to Delay Dementia and Disability in Rural China (MIND-China), with data available in 1044 persons for gray matter volume and 85 persons for cerebral blood flow (CBF). We used general linear regression and mediation models to examine the associations of rs3865444 and HTN with cognition, brain atrophy, and CBF. Among rs3865444 CC carriers, HTN and late-life HTN were significantly associated with impaired cognition. Midlife and late-life HTN were correlated with brain atrophy. CD33 rs3865444 CC moderated the mediation effect of gray matter volume on the association between HTN and global cognition. HTN was correlated with low CBF in rs3865444 CC carriers. There are synergistic associations of CD33 rs3865444 and HTN with brain and cognitive aging in dementia-free older adults.