Effective Training Model Research Articles

The sustainability of a community-based learning collaborative to improve the use of trauma-informed evidence-based practices

PurposeMost youth who experience trauma do not receive evidence-based trauma intervention. Efforts to increase use oftrauma-informed evidence-based practices (EBPs) have identified the learning collaborative (LC) as an effective training and implementation model, yet few studies have evaluated sustainability outcomes. This study examined the sustainability of a community-based LC (CBLC) by describing provider, agency, and community-level use of trauma-informed EBPs, an average of 5.3 years after the training. Methods106 participants from 20 agencies completed a follow-up survey after a CBLC training. Participants were trained in Trauma-Focused Cognitive-Behavior Therapy (TF-CBT; clinical track), in Evidence-Based Treatment Planning (EBTP; broker/case manager track), or in strategies to support TF-CBT and EBTP implementation (senior leader track). Clinical and broker track participants reported on their current employment and EBP use within the past three months. Senior leaders for all 20 agencies provided information about the use of trauma-informed EBPs at their agencies. ResultsAt the provider-level, only 36.5 % of the clinical track continued to use TF-CBT and 28.1 % of the broker track continued to use EBTP. Provider promotion to supervisory and leadership positions supported EBP sustainability. Agency-level outcomes indicated that 89 % of clinical agencies and 60% of broker agencies continued to use TF-CBT and EBTP. Although retention of providers within agencies was low, LC trained clinicians and brokers spread to twenty-four new agencies in the community providing psychotherapy and/or case management services to youth. ConclusionsFindings suggest the CBLC model resulted in some sustained community-level changes as agencies continued to use the trauma-informed EBPs and trained providers spread to other agencies within the local community. Provider promotions also increased representation of CBLC trainees in leadership positions. Results suggest that measuring sustainability as a multi-level implementation outcome can lead to a better understanding of implementation success.

Development of Drill Smash Training Models in Straight and Cross Directions to Improve Volleyball Smash Results at the SONS Club (Sriwijaya State Sports School) Palembang

This research aims to develop an effective drill training model to improve smash shot ability in two main directions, namely the straight direction and the cross direction, in volleyball. This training model is designed by taking into account the basic principles of smash technique, body regulation, strength and speed, as well as consistency in training. This research and development procedure uses the Borg & Gall steps. The research design for the development of the Borg & Gall development model is then changed to be simpler and also according to the needs of researchers which involves seven main steps: 1) Preliminary study, 2) Planning 3) Initial draft design , 4) Validation of initial drafts and revisions, 5) Small scale 6) Final product, 7) Effectiveness Test. Small scale trials were carried out at Dehasen Bengkulu University Extracurricular with a sample of 10 people and large scale trials were carried out at the Savvana Volleyball Club with a sample size of 15 people. The effectiveness test was carried out by the two clubs, each taking 10 samples to make 20 samples and testing them through prerequisite tests, namely 1) normality test, 2) homogeneity test 3) sample t test. The results of the research are that the final product is produced in the form of a model for the development of drill smash training in straight and cross directions with Root obstacle media to increase the accuracy of smashes in volleyball athletes. Very feasible” which was analyzed through the Aiken V test, with a material expert score of 0.81, media expert 0.96, small scale trial 0.90 and large scale trial 0.93 with an average criteria value of “Very High”.

Exploration and Research on the "Dual Teacher" Classroom Teaching and Training Model

Classroom teaching is a key link in achieving talent cultivation goals. It is a necessary process to enhance students' professional knowledge and job competency. In the process of classroom teaching, teachers should arrange the content and process of teaching and training reasonably based on the differences in students, knowledge, and skills, research and explore effective classroom teaching and training models, and effectively improve the quality of classroom teaching and training. There are many factors that can improve the quality of classroom teaching, and one of the most important ones is how to guide students to follow the teacher's ideas and maintain their enthusiasm for learning. During classroom listening or training, one can engage in active thinking, interaction, and communication with the teaching teacher. In order to better improve the quality of classroom teaching and training, adapt to the new requirements of teaching and training in the new era, a "dual teacher" classroom teaching and training model is adopted for the same classroom. The main lecturer is responsible for imparting and teaching the main knowledge and skills. During the teaching process of the main lecturer, the auxiliary lecturer acts as a dual identity of both the teacher and the student in the classroom. At key teaching stages and knowledge points, they timely guide students to learn and think through various means, so that students can deepen their understanding and mastery of knowledge and skills.

Advancing Neurosurgical Skills: A Comparative Study of Training Models for Intra-Extracranial Cerebral Bypass

Training in anastomosis is fundamental in neurosurgery due to the precision and dexterity required. Biological models, although realistic, present limitations such as availability, ethical concerns, and the risk of biological contamination. Synthetic models, on the other hand, offer durability and standardized conditions, although they sometimes lack anatomical realism. This study aims to evaluate and compare the efficiency of anastomosis training models in the intra-extracranial cerebral bypass procedure, identifying those characteristics that enhance optimal microsurgical skill development and participant experience. A neurosurgery workshop was held from March 2024 to June 2024 with 5 vascular techniques and the participation of 22 surgeons. The models tested were the human placenta, the Wistar rat, the chicken wing artery, the nasogastric feeding tube, and the UpSurgeOn Mycro simulator. The scales used to measure these models were the Main Characteristics Score and the Evaluation Score. These scores allowed us to measure, qualitatively and quantitatively, durability, anatomical similarity, variety of simulation scenarios, risk of biological contamination, ethical considerations and disadvantages with specific infrastructure. The human placenta model, Wistar rat model, and UpSurgeOn model were identified as the most effective for training. The human placenta and Wistar rat models were highly regarded for anatomical realism, while the UpSurgeOn model excelled in durability and advanced simulation scenarios. Ethical and cost implications were also considered. The study identifies the human placenta and UpSurgeOn models as optimal for training in intra-extracranial bypass procedures, emphasizing the need for diverse and effective training models in neurosurgery.

Essential components of teacher professional development for financial literacy: A literature review

Financial literacy, as a fundamental skill in the 21st century, has become a life skill that is urgently needed to be improved. Globally, the drive to enhance financial literacy involves integrating it into the education curriculum, necessitating educators’ comprehensive grasp of financial literacy education before imparting it to students. This research aims to outline a conceptual model of financial literacy professional development to improve teachers’ professional competence, employing a narrative review that synthesizes 28 relevant literatures retrieved from Scopus databases. The results of the study show that an effective training model for teacher professional development (TPD) in financial literacy education should focus on essential financial literacy content consisting of planning and budgeting, banking services, income and careers, insurance, investment, savings, also spending and credit. Furthermore, the main characteristics of TPD regarding financial literacy education should encompass content focus, coherence, ownership, active learning, duration, and collective participation.

Research on the Implementation Strategy of Competence-Oriented Postgraduate Cultivation Programme for Local Applied Universities with Big Data Technology

Prioritising the innovation capacity of postgraduates is paramount, with an effective training model serving as the linchpin. As information technology rapidly evolves and the era of big data looms, postgraduate education faces unprecedented challenges and opportunities. It is imperative for institutions to harness the potential of big data development, leveraging new technologies to enhance the talent development process. The postgraduate programme is the baton for talent development, and incorporating new information technology requirements and multidisciplinary synergies into the programme environment can reinforce the enhancement of innovative practical skills and data literacy, among others. In this way, the institutions provide society with a supply of high quality talent and help to promote the development of new quality productivity. Due to factors such as the regional economy, teaching staff, student quality and academic reputation, some local applied universities find it difficult to fully implement various good ideas for the postgraduate development programme, which to some extent affects the synergy between talent cultivation and local economic development needs. Taking North China University of Technology as an example, this paper adopts the deep learning model in big data technology and integrates capacity training into the daily teaching and practice process of postgraduate students according to the principle of “classified training, optimized links and improved capacity”. The group explored the theme of harnessing the potential of digital technology to support the growth of postgraduate education. Through interviews with students, on-campus and off-campus tutors, alumni and other stakeholders in talent development, they re-imagined the framework for postgraduate education, embodying the principles of strengthening the theoretical base, enhancing the integration of industry and education, and prioritising capacity building, and taking advantage of the digitalisation and networking of education. The research results show that the digital transformation of the education process with the help of big data technology has a driving effect on improving the innovative practical ability and overall quality of graduate students. This measure provides a reference for similar universities to revise their talent training programmes, and enriches the solutions to the problem of "good programmes are difficult to implement" in graduate student training.

Enhancing the Microneurosurgical Training: Development of the Folded Placenta Model for Simulation of the Deep Operative Field Challenges of Cranial Procedures

Neurosurgery relies heavily on advanced manual skills, necessitating effective training models for skill development. While various models have been utilized, the human placenta has emerged as a promising candidate for microneurosurgical training due to its anatomical similarities with cerebral vasculature. However, existing placenta models have primarily focused on simulating superficial procedures, often neglecting the complexities encountered in deep operative fields during cranial surgeries. This study obtained ethical approval and implemented a modified placenta model to address the limitations of existing training models. The key modification involved folding the placenta and placing it within a rigid container, closely mimicking the structural challenges of cranial procedures. The placenta preparation followed a standardized protocol, including the use of specialized equipment for documentation. The primary feature of the modified model is the folded placenta within the rigid container, which replicates cranial anatomy. This innovative approach enables trainees to engage in a comprehensive range of microsurgical exercises, encompassing vessel dissection, aneurysm clipping, tumor resection, and more. The model successfully mirrors the complexities of real cranial procedures, providing a realistic training experience. The presented modified placenta model serves as an effective tool for simulating the conditions encountered in deep cranial surgeries. By accurately replicating the challenges of deep operative fields, the model significantly enhances the training of neurosurgical residents. It successfully prepares trainees to navigate the intricacies and difficulties inherent in real cranial surgeries, thus contributing to improved surgical skills and readiness for neurosurgical practice.

Research on the Winning Factors of 3x3 Basketball Techniques

Background and Aim: China's three-player basketball sport developed rapidly after being approved by the International Olympic Committee as an Olympic event, but there are obvious shortcomings in theoretical research, technical training, tactical strategies, and international experience. The lack of in-depth theoretical research and technical training models makes it difficult for players and coaches to fully understand the characteristics and winning factors of three-player basketball, resulting in insufficient international competitiveness. In contrast, other countries such as Serbia and Latvia have performed outstandingly in this field. If China can attach importance to the theoretical research and technical training of three-player basketball, and establish an effective training model, it is expected to rapidly improve the level of three-player basketball. Materials and Methods: This article aims to deeply explore the winning factors of 3x3 basketball technology. By comprehensively using literature review, mathematical statistics, and video analysis methods, the 3x3 basketball tournament of the 32nd Tokyo Olympics is taken as the research object to conduct in-depth research on 3x3 basketball technology. Results: Latvia, the champion team of the 3x3 basketball tournament at the 32nd Tokyo Olympics, emphasizes teamwork. They have a higher three-point shooting percentage than their opponents, have more crucial close-range shots, and have a clear advantage in free throw shooting percentage. The proportion of team cooperation scores is high, mainly achieved through pick and roll assists, with high breakthrough times and success rates. They perform well in rebounding and have good error protection, but need to balance pressing and fouls. These factors together helped them achieve victory. Conclusion: In terms of scoring, the team should focus on diversified three-point training, strengthen pick and roll coordination, improve breakthrough and layup abilities, as well as free throw techniques. Cultivate team collaboration awareness and cooperation skills to ensure excellent overall performance of the team. In terms of assists, focus on practicing pick and roll and direct pass techniques, while strengthening breakthrough and finishing abilities. In breakthrough training, emphasis is placed on improving the ability to break through cover and position perception. In terms of rebounding, mistakes, and fouls, emphasis is placed on teamwork in attacking, cultivating rebounding skills, intelligent pressing, and quick counterattacks to improve the team's performance in these key areas. These training strategies help teams gain more scoring opportunities in matches and improve their overall competitive level.

Effective Multi-Stage Training Model for Edge Computing Devices in Intrusion Detection

Intrusion detection poses a significant challenge within expansive and persistently interconnected environments. As malicious code continues to advance and sophisticated attack methodologies proliferate, various advanced deep learning-based detection approaches have been proposed. Nevertheless, the complexity and accuracy of intrusion detection models still need further enhancement to render them more adaptable to diverse system categories, particularly within resource-constrained devices, such as those embedded in edge computing systems. This research introduces a three-stage training paradigm, augmented by an enhanced pruning methodology and model compression techniques. The objective is to elevate the system's effectiveness, concurrently maintaining a high level of accuracy for intrusion detection. Empirical assessments conducted on the UNSW-NB15 dataset evince that this solution notably reduces the model's dimensions, while upholding accuracy levels equivalent to similar proposals.

Expanding Access to Evidence-Based Mental Health Treatment: An Expert-Driven Training Model

ABSTRACT The increasing acuity of mental health needs amongst youth coupled with a dwindling and lesser trained workforce (e.g., bachelor level and dependently licensed, early career providers) means that those with less experience and training in the delivery of evidence-based treatments (EBTs) are more likely to provide services to youth with the highest level of needs. EBTs for common pediatric mental health conditions are well documented in the literature. However, standardized and consistent implementation of EBTs do not exist at a systems level. Psychologists have expertise in the theory and clinical application of EBTs, developed through years of coursework and clinical rotations supervised by licensed doctoral level psychologists. Therefore, it is fruitful for psychologists to take leadership roles to ensure that the workforce is appropriately prepared to deliver and maintain the fidelity of EBTs. This paper will provide an overview of the six levels of mental health care delivered across our system (Levels 0–5), as well as outline five core components of an effective training and case consultation model designed to scale and spread EBTs across the system. These five core components include: (1) content experts as leaders, (2) institutional commitment, (3) intentionality in hiring and onboarding providers receptive to the model, (4) data driven approach, and (5) ongoing training and case consultation that includes modeling, role-playing and/or direct observation. Application of the model to multidisciplinary teams and sustainability at each level of care is addressed, as well as plans for further spread in scale and scope of this model.

Chaplain development in Clinical Pastoral Education (CPE) in healthcare settings in England: A mixed methods study.

Clinical Pastoral Education (CPE) is the predominant specialised training for healthcare chaplains in several national contexts. CPE is spiritual care education that uses experiential and action-reflection learning methods to train diverse participants. However, CPE is not established for chaplaincy training in England. Currently, chaplaincy education in England lacks standardisation, leading to inequalities in entry into the profession and inconsistent training and career pathways. CPE has the potential to address these issues. We examined changes associated with participating in CPE and participants' perceptions about their learning experience. We sought to evaluate the effectiveness of CPE as a viable chaplaincy education model in healthcare settings in England. Convergent mixed methods involved pre-post surveys and focus group sessions to examine the experiences and development of seven chaplains, with diverse experience levels and backgrounds, who participated in the pilot CPE unit in NHS England. We integrated thematic analysis and survey results. We identified four overarching themes: Development pathways, Catalysts for development, Advantages of CPE for chaplaincy education, and Experiences with CPE course structure. Participants developed along various pathways: confidence, reflective practice, emotional intelligence, listening and attending skills, diversity in chaplaincy care, and spiritual assessment. Survey results confirmed several themes, indicating gains in chaplaincy capabilities, emotional intelligence, and counselling self-efficacy. Participants emphasised the advantages and effectiveness of the CPE model. Quantitative and qualitative findings converged to provide rich evidence that CPE generated personal and professional development, improving chaplaincy practice. General learning pathways moved from personal development, through the interpersonal learning context, and translated into chaplain competency. Participants endorsed CPE, as a robust and effective training model for chaplaincy in the English context, for those entering the profession and experienced chaplains alike. We conceptualised preliminary models for chaplain development and learning pathways in CPE that need validation and refinement by future research.

Presenting an Effective Training Model for Red Crescent Society Staff of Zanjan Province

Presenting an Effective Training Model for Red Crescent Society Staff of Zanjan Province

Updated profile of an adult Ukrainian learning Polish as a foreign language

The change in the status and conditions of teaching Polish as a foreign language in Ukraine has led to a fundamental change in the profile of those people who learn the Polish language, their needs, motivations and educational goals. The relevance of the study is related to the need to improve the system of work on teaching Polish to adult Ukrainians. The purpose of the study is to analyse the current situation of learning the Polish language in Ukraine by new groups of adults, taking into account age characteristics and social status, educational training and existing experience in learning foreign languages, previous contacts with the Polish language, needs and requirements regarding its mastery / proficiency level. This requires a more detailed analysis of the characteristics demonstrated by various groups of people consuming these educational services. The teacher is faced with the need to overcome students’ stereotypical perception of the speed of learning material, the mandatory presence of detailed explanations, the frequency of repetition, as well as the determination to obtain the final result. The factor of previous experience in learning foreign languages and the degree of student's previous education are important, as students transfer the associated successes and failures to the process of learning a new foreign language. Previous contact with the Polish language also has a significant impact on the effectiveness of learning. Ease of understanding the language, attempts to communicate with native speakers generally contribute to increasing motivation to study. The analysis showed that the goal of learning the Polish language for the majority of students was and remains the acquisition of higher education. The number of adults studying the language is also growing to fulfil their professional duties. Changing learning conditions alongside adjusting the goals and motivation level diversify the process of learning the Polish language, which often consists of several stages, in which Ukrainian and Polish teachers participate simultaneously. Taking into account all the listed aspects will make it possible to build an effective training model, namely to adapt programmes and training manuals to work with a qualitatively heterogeneous audience.

Research on Higher Education Management and the Cultivation of Innovation and Entrepreneurship Abilities in University Students

Educational management plays a crucial role in higher education, profoundly influencing the implementation of various educational initiatives. Despite widespread innovation and exploration in education reform across various institutions, the predominant focus often revolves around technological advancements and changes in teaching methodologies. There is relatively less attention given to innovations in teaching management, resulting in insufficient support for educational management. Given that higher education serves as a primary platform for cultivating future societal leaders and innovative talents, the close relationship between management research and the development of innovation and entrepreneurship abilities in university students becomes particularly significant. This paper aims to delve into the role of higher education management in fostering the cultivation of innovation and entrepreneurship abilities among university students, with the goal of providing more effective management strategies and training models for universities. Through an in-depth exploration of higher education management, this research aims to offer valuable insights to propel the education system toward better alignment with the demands of the contemporary era.

Stuart has got the PoWeR! Skeletal muscle adaptations to a novel heavy progressive weighted wheel running exercise model in C57BL/6 mice.

Murine exercise models are developed to study the molecular and cellular mechanisms regulating muscle mass. A progressive weighted wheel running model, named 'PoWeR', was previously developed to serve as a more translatable alternative to involuntary resistance-type exercise models in rodents, such as synergist ablation. However, mice still run great distances despite the added resistance as evidenced by a large glycolytic-to-oxidative shift in muscle fibre type. Thus, PoWeR reflects a blended resistance/endurance model. In an attempt to bias PoWeR further towards resistance-type exercise, we developed a novel heavy PoWeR model (hPoWeR) utilizing higher wheel loads (max of 12.5g vs 6g). Adult male C57BL/6 mice voluntarily performed an 8-week progressive loading protocol (PoWeR or hPoWeR). Running distance peaked at ∼5-6kmday-1 in both treatments and was maintained by PoWeR mice, but declined in the hPoWeR mice as load increased beyond 7.5g. Peak isometric force of the gastrocnemius-soleus-plantaris complex tended to increase in wheel running treatments. Soleus mass increased by 19% and 24% in PoWeR and hPoWeR treatments, respectively, and plantaris fibre cross-sectional area was greater in hPoWeR, compared to PoWeR. There were fewer glycolytic and more oxidative fibres in the soleus and plantaris muscles in the PoWeR treatment, but not hPoWeR. Collectively, these data suggest hPoWeR may modestly alter skeletal muscle supporting the aim of better reflecting typical resistance training adaptations, in line with decreased running volume and exposure to higher resistance. Regardless, PoWeR remains an effective hypertrophic concurrent training model in mice.

Topographical Systematization of Human Placenta Model for Training in Microneurosurgery

BackgroundNeurosurgical training continuously seeks innovative methods to enhance the acquisition of essential technical skills for neurosurgeons worldwide. While various training models have been employed, few truly replicate real-life conditions optimally. Human placenta is a good model for neurosurgical microsurgery training due to its anatomical similarities to neurovascular structures. Placental vessels exhibit a branching pattern and caliber comparable to intracranial vessels, making them suitable for practicing microsurgical techniques. ObjectiveThe study aims to delineate the anatomical zones of the placenta and propose a segmented training model, resulting in a reproducible, cost-effective, and realistic neurosurgical microsurgery training environment. MethodsTwenty human placentas were meticulously prepared, injected with dyes, and categorized into zones based on anatomical features. Measurements of placental vessels were recorded and compared to cerebral vessels. The placenta was divided into four quadrants to facilitate specific training techniques. ResultsOur results revealed varying vessel diameters across placental zones, closely resembling cerebral vessels. Different microsurgical techniques were applied to specific placental zones, thereby optimizing training scenarios. The applicability section described exercises such as membrane dissection, vessel skeletonization, aneurysm creation, vascular bypass, and tumor dissection within the placental model, providing detailed guidance on the zones suitable for each exercise. ConclusionHuman placenta serves as an effective microsurgical training model for neurosurgery, enhancing neurosurgeons’ skills through anatomical segmentation. Integrating this model into training programs can significantly contribute to skill acquisition and improved surgical outcomes. Further research is warranted to refine and expand its utilization, complemented by clinical experiences and other simulation tools.

Is Training Working Memory in Children with Learning Disabilities a Viable Solution? A Systematic Review.

Working memory (WM) is one of the most influential cognitive functions in encoding, registering, and retrieving information. It influences the learning process in children. Its role becomes essential, especially in a child with a learning disability (LD). Researchers worldwide are giving much prominence to WM, especially in devising cognitive retraining strategies for better cognitive functioning and academic attainment in these children. This current study aims to explore globally used instruments to measure this construct and review effective WM training models in the cognitive rehabilitation of children with LD. This study used a systematic review, availing the elaborate "Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA)" guidelines. The databases of Google Scholar, PubMed, and Web of Science were searched thoroughly, and those studies, which met the inclusion criteria, were considered for this review. Out of 770 studies found with keywords, only six met the inclusion criteria and were selected for a detailed analysis. The outcome of the current review provides trustworthy evidence of poor performance, especially in tasks involving verbal and executive WM in children with all types of learning disabilities (LD) and difficulties. The studies reviewed support the hypothesis that WM can improve with training and significantly improve children's academic attainment. Further this review recommends that research and efforts must go into devising these cognitive training techniques. Children have high cerebral plasticity; hence, using cognitive training (emphasizing WM training and other cognitive functions) with them would enhance their cognitive functioning and capacity, improving their academic performance.

Challenges of Affective Assessment of Islamic Religious Education Learning in Merdeka Curriculum

This study aims to identify the challenges of madrasah teachers in the affective assessment of Islamic Religious Education based on the Independent Curriculum and to evaluate the understanding and abilities of teachers. This study uses a mixed explanatory method, with a quantitative method through a survey of 177 Islamic Religious Education teachers in East Kalimantan selected through simple random sampling from 378 teachers. Qualitative data were collected through interviews and observations. Quantitative analysis uses descriptive statistics (SPSS-25.0), and qualitative analysis uses the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldana. This study reveals that the main challenges in affective assessment for Islamic Religious Education (PAI) teachers based on the Independent Curriculum include: (1) teachers' lack of understanding of religious affective assessment, (2) limited ability to carry out assessments, (3) low skills in using affective assessment methods and instruments, and (4) minimal support in terms of training, resources, and time. Teachers tend to focus more on cognitive assessments, causing students' affective assessments of religiosity to be less monitored. The implications of this study emphasize the importance of improving teacher competence in understanding and assessment skills, as well as training and resource support. Future research should develop an effective assessment training model based on the Merdeka Curriculum, including practical instruments, technology support, and collaboration between schools, government, and related parties to strengthen teacher capacity.

Effects of Life Kinetic and Brain Gym Training Models On Working Memory and Concentration of Football Athletes

The purpose of this study was to find out the effect of Life Kinetic and Brain Gym training models on working memory and concentration of junior football athletes and to examine the more effective training model, the Life Kinetic or Brain Gym training models, to improve working memory and concentration of junior football athletes. In this study, the researcher used a quantitative research using the true experiment and the pre-test and post-test two treatment design. The population of this study were all students of Saswco Bandung U-13 Football School, totalling of 26 people. The samples were selected using total sampling technique. Respondents were given the Life Kinetic and Brain Gym training models 3 times a week, carried out for 4 weeks. The instrument for measuring working memory was The Digit Memory Test, while the instrument for measuring concentration was The Amazing 1 to 50. The hypothesis testing analysis technique used was the Multivariate test. The results of the research for the Life Kinetic and Brain Gym training models on working memory and concentration was sig. 0.000 0.05, while the between-subjects effect test value was Sig. 0.000 0.05. It shows that there was a difference between Life Kinetic and Brain Gym training on working memory and concentration of junior football athletes. In conclusion, the Life Kinetic and Brain Gym training models can improve working memory and concentration of junior football athletes. Life Kinetic training had a better effect than Brain Gym training on working memory and concentration of junior football athletes. It is suggested that further research should recall information more specifically during matches and practices of football games by simplifying Life Kinetic and Brain Gym Exercises.

Advancing Surgical Education: A Comprehensive Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis and Novel Approach to Training Models for Local Skin Advancement Flaps.

Performing local skin flaps is a challenging task that requires cognitive and technical skills to design flaps with proper orientation to avoid distorting normal anatomy. Junior trainees need adequate exposure to gain confidence and expertise in such procedures. This article systematically reviews the literature's different local skin advancement flap training models and describes a new, easy-to-use training model. A systematic review was performed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases were searched from their inception until August 2022 for articles about local skin advancement flap training models. The meta-analysis results were pooled across the studies using a random-effects model and presented as a weighted mean difference with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Out of 773 reviewed articles, 18 were included in the systematic review, and four reported enough data to be included in the meta-analysis. Rhomboid and Z-plasty flaps were the most commonly taught flaps by training models. The most commonly used training models were synthetic-based, followed by animal-based models. The training models significantly increased the trainees' confidence and expertise regarding local skin flap procedures (p<0.00001) for both domains. Training models, per our reported data, significantly improve the trainees' confidence and expertise in performing local skin advancement flap procedures; continuous efforts in developing and establishing new, simple-to-use, and effective training models are strongly encouragedto further improvement of surgical education and enhance the trainees' surgical skills.