Sum Of Effective Temperatures Research Articles

МОНИТОРИНГ ЧИСЛЕННОСТИ EUZOPHERA BIGELLA ZELL. В ЯБЛОНЕВЫХ АГРОЦЕНОЗАХ КРАСНОДАРСКОГО КРАЯ

The article provides data on the increase in the harmfulness of the two-striped fireworm ( Euzophera bigella Zell) in all countries cultivating fruit crops. During the growing season of 2023, research is being conducted on the study of bioecological features of the development of Euzophera bigella Zell., it is noted that in the conditions of the Prikubansky gardening zone of the Krasnodar region, the beginning of the summer of the phytophagus was recorded on May 10 at the sum of effective temperatures of 184.8 °C, the peak of the summer of the pest on June 5, the SET was 432.7 °C.

Возможное влияние летне-осенних сумм эффективных температур на динамику плотности популяции непарного шелкопряда Lymantria dispar (L.) в лесных насаждениях на северной границе ареала

Практически одновременно в 2016 г., вдоль северной границы ареала непарного шелкопряда Lymantria dispar (L.) на огромном пространстве более 1000 км в долготном направлении от Екатеринбурга (56,5° с.ш., 60,4° в.д.) до п. Кыштовка (Новосибирская область), 56,4°с.ш., 76,6°в.д. на сотнях тысяч гектар сформировались очаги непарного шелкопряда. Такая синхронность в возникновении очагов может указывать на воздействие единого модифицирующего фактора. Цель исследования - выявление общего модифицирующего фактора, который мог спровоцировать вспышку массового размножения непарного шелкопряда на основании анализа погодных условий в вегетационные сезоны, предшествующие формированию очагов и в период вспышки. На значительной территории, охватывающей зауральскую и западносибирскую популяции, в их северной части сценарии изменения погодных условий перед и в ходе реализации вспышки 2016-2018 гг. существенно различались по условиям влажности, но были схожи по теплообеспеченности. Два-три года теплообеспеченность была значительно ниже нормы, затем наступил сезон с теплообеспеченностью значительно выше нормы и резким возрастанием плотности популяции, приведшей к значительной дефолиации насаждений на следующий год при возвращении теплообеспеченности вегетационного сезона к норме. Это указывает на то, что на севере ареала вида модифицирующие факторы, провоцирующие вспышки массового размножения, отличаются от таковых в южных его частях. Возможно, вегетационные сезоны с низкой теплообеспеченностью приводят как к элиминации потомства особей популяции с большой длительностью развития до имагинальной стадии, так и к сокращению длительности развития личиночной стадии особей, получивших необходимую, но крайне небольшую сумму летне-осенних температур для завершения раннеэмбрионального развития и подготовки к зимовке. При наступлении вегетационного сезона с теплообеспеченностью значительно выше нормы снижается элиминация потомства особей с большей длительностью развития, что приводит к росту плотности популяции и значительной дефолиации на следующий год. Almost simultaneously in 2016, along the northern border of the range of spongy moth Lymantria dispar (L.) over a huge area of more than 1000 km in the longitude direction from Yekaterinburg (N 56.5 °, E 60.4°) to the village of Kyshtovka(Novosibirsk region), (N 56.4°, E 76.6°) the outbreaks of the spongy moth have formed on hundreds of thousands of hectares. Such synchronicity in the occurrence of outbreaks can indicate the impact of a single modifying factor. The purpose of the study is to identify a single modifying factor that could provoke an outbreak of the spongy moth, based on an analysis of weather conditions in the growing seasons preceding the formation of outbreaks and during their implementation. Over the large area covering the Trans-Ural and West Siberian populations, in their northern part, the scenarios of weather conditions changes before and during the implementation of the outbreak of 2016-2018 differed significantly in terms of humidity conditions but were similar in terms of heat availability. For two or three years, the heat availability was significantly lower than normal, then become the season with heat availability significantly higher than normal and a sharp increase in population density that provide the severe defoliation of stands for the next year when the heat availability of the growing season returns to normal. That indicates the differences in modifying factors provoking outbreaks at the north of the range of the spongy moth in comparison with southern parts of the range of this species. Possibly, growing seasons with low heat availability lead both to the elimination of the offspring of individuals in the population with a long duration of development till the imaginal stage, and to a reduction in the duration of development at the larval stage of individuals that have received the necessary, but an extremely small amount of summer-autumn temperatures to complete early embryonic development and preparation for wintering. With the onset of the growing season with a heat availability significantly higher than normal, the elimination of individuals with a longer duration of development decreases, which results in the population density increase and significant defoliation in the next year.

The influence of hydrothermal conditions of the Kirov region on the productivity and quality of grain of spring soft wheat varieties of different ripeness groups

Meteorological conditions were monitored for the period "May-August" in the Kirov region (Volga-Vyatka region) from 2008 to 2022. An increasing trend of the sum of precipitation and hydrothermal coefficient (НTC) values and a descending trend of the sum of effective temperatures was established. By the example of early-ripening (Iren, Bazhenka) and middleripening (Priokskaya, Simbirtsit, Margarita, Kamenka) varieties of spring wheat, the level and direction of variability of the main agronomic traits by changing the values of the НTC have been determined. In early-maturing varieties with an increase in the НTC of the growing season the content of protein and gluten in the grain significantly decreased, and the following increased: yield, duration of vegetation, plant height, ear density, mass of 1000 grains, density of the productive stem, the nature of the grain and the indicator of the gluten index. The elements of ear productivity were maximally expressed in the years optimal in terms of moisture. The reaction of medium-ripened varieties was similar according to the greater number of traits, except for the number of grains per ear, the weight of the grain per ear and the plant, the nature of the grain. By means of the correlation analysis, the influence of meteorological factors on the development of traits of spring wheat both for the entire growing season and for individual months has been studied. A high dependence of the duration of the growing season and the protein content in the grain on the sum of effective temperatures for May-August (r = 0.64...0.77) was revealed. The amount of precipitation made a significant contribution to the formation of traits only in critical phases of plant development. The analysis of regression equations obtained using 11 variables (weather factors by months) with a time sample size of 15 years showed that an increase in the amount of precipitation in June by 10 mm led to an increase in yield by an average of 0.13...0.14 t/ha, and a decrease in the average daily temperature of August by 1 °C provided an increase in yield by 0.23...0.26 t/ha. The duration of the growing season decreased in June by 2.2...2.4 days with 1 °C increase in the average temperature; in July – by 2.3...3.0 days; in August – by 1.3 days. The protein content in the grain most of all depended on the average daily temperature in June, with of 1 °C increase the amount of protein raised by 0.85...0.87 %.

Territorial transformations in agriculture of Chernihiv region in the context of climate change: the case of corn and sunflower

Introduction. Different crops and regions of Ukraine are characterized by unequal dependencies on climate change. This situation creates a demand for scientific research to analyse «climate-agricultural production» dependence at the regional level. Chernihiv region, whose territory is located in two environmental zones, is an ideal testing ground for assessing territorial transformations in agricultural production under the influence of climate change. The purpose of article. The purpose of the study was to identify territorial transformations in agricultural production of Chernihiv region that were formed under the influence of climate change during 2001-2020, using corn and sunflower as an example. Additionally, the impact of climate factors on the yield of the selected crops in the region was assessed. Research methods. The study was based on data on gross harvest and yields of the selected crops, corn and sunflower, in Chernihiv region during 2001-2020. Climate trends were represented by average air temperature and precipitation during the growing season for the same period. Spatial transformations of the region’s agricultural production were determined using the territorial concentration index. A number of calculations were carried out to assess the contribution of climatic factors to the dynamics of yields of the selected crops. They included the determination of 1) trend yields; 2) total and agrotechnical variance; 3) the share of the climatic factor in the total variance. Main findings. In 2001-2020, Chernihiv region observed a significant increase in heat supply, the length of the growing season, and the sum of effective temperatures. The climate trends of this period created suitable conditions for expanding of a number of heat-tolerant crops, including corn and sunflower, into the region. The study used them as selected crops to assess territorial transformations in agricultural production of this northern region of Ukraine. The analysis of statistical data showed that the sown area and gross harvest of corn and sunflower increased tenfold in Chernihiv region, and the local agroclimatic zones of their cultivation moved 125-150 km north. The main producers of corn and sunflower are still the forest-steppe areas of the region. At the same time, its Polissya part currently produces 25 to 30% of the gross harvest of these crops. Due to climate change in the region, the yield of the selected crops has increased significantly, exceeding the national average values by 37-43%. The «migration» of heat-tolerant crops to the region has considerably changed the specialization of agricultural production in this Polissya region. Based on the calculations, it was found that the contribution of the climatic factor to corn yields was maximum in 2001-2010 - 74%. The contribution of climatic trends to sunflower yield of the region was significantly lower - 53-56 % in different periods. Taking into account the results obtained, the study points out the need to develop effective measures for adapting agricultural production in Chernihiv region to climate change. Scientific novelty and practical value. The article describes for the first time the characteristics of territorial transformations in agricultural production of Chernihiv region in the context of climate change and assesses the contribution of the climatic factor to the dynamics of productivity of the selected crops in the region. The practical value of the study is the possibility of using its algorithm to conduct similar studies in other regions of Ukraine. The results of the study are important in the context of substantiating regional measures to adapt agricultural production to climate change.

Yield and quality of Panicum virgatum (Panicum virgatum L.) seed depending on varietal characteristics

The article presents the results of research on millet seeds the crop formation and the quality, depending on its varietal characteristics. It was experimentally proven that in the conditions of the Right Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, the passage of phenological phases of growth and development of millet depended both on varietal characteristics (groups of varietal maturity) and on the number of effective temperatures. The crop yield and quality depended on the phenological phases of growth and development, particularly the phases of flowering and seed formation and their conditions. On average, over three years, early and late ripening varieties had signifcantly lower seed yield compared to other variety samples. Early-ripening, mid-early and mid-late varieties had signifcantly higher seed yield. The lowest productivity was in the very early sample of Dakota – 88.3 kg/ha. The yield of very late varieties – Nezalezhnist, Kanlow and Lyadivske – made 89.7, 88.3 and 99.4 kg/ha, respectively. The study on factors affecting seed yield established that the influence of the factor "variety" was the largest and amounted to 61.1 %, and the factor of "growing conditions" affected the crop less – 11.9 %. Germination energy and seed germination, as well as its yield, depended on the maturity groups of the variety samples. Very early, early-ripening and medium-ripening varieties had the highest quality indicators, no signifcant difference was found depending on varietal characteristics. The mid-late varieties had signifcantly lower quality indicators, and the lowest quality was the very late Kanlow variety. The study on factors affecting seed quality established that the influence of the "year conditions" factor on germination energy and germination was the greatest and was 37.6–48 %, and the "variety" factor was 33.8 and 30 %, respectively. It was found that the later is the variety is of the maturity group, the higher is the sum of effective temperatures it needs and, accordingly, the longer the onset of the phenological phases of growth and development of the crop, which affects the features of seed formation and ripening and, accordingly, its quality and yield. The mid-late varieties had signifcantly lower quality indicators and the lowest ones were observed in the very late variety. Mid-late, late and very late varieties do not ripen biologically, which affects the seeds quality its germination is very low. Key words: variety samples, maturity groups, germination energy, germination, phenological phases of growth and development.

The effect of weather conditions on the seasonal rhythm of plant development of Amur cork tree (<i>Phellodendron amurense</i>rupr.) in the forest-steppe of the Ob region

Background. Amur cork tree is a valuable woody plant of great economic importance. Its bark, liber, leaves, and fruits are successfully used in medicine and cosmetology. This tree is very ornamental and serves as is a good honey plant. It can be a potential source of industrial cork. Due to its properties and relative unpretentiousness, Amur cork tree may be of interest for introduction. In this regard, the aim of the research was to study the peculiarities of the influence of weather conditions on the seasonal rhythm of plant development for Amur cork tree (Phellodendron amurense Rupr.) under the conditions of the foreststeppe in the Ob region.Materials and methods. Thirty two Amur cork trees were used as the material for the study. These trees were successfully introduced in the forest-steppe of the Ob region. Phenological observations to evaluate the rhythm of seasonal growth were carried out according to the methodological recommendations of I. D. Yurkevich and coauthors. The Pearson correlation coefficient (r) was used to identify the dependence of the rhythm of seasonal growth on weather conditions.Results. The plants of Amur cork tree were found to be successfully adapted to the conditions of the arboretum of the Siberian Research Institute of Plant Production and Breeding. It was shown that in the year with the highest sum of effective temperatures (2020), the duration of interphase periods was on average 2 days shorter than in other years. At the same time, in the coldest year (2018), the plants did not have time to complete their leaf fall before the snow cover appeared. The vegetation of Amur cork tree was observed to start in mid-May. The completion of the growing season varies greatly from year to year. Conclusion. It was established that the seasonal development of Amur cork tree in the forest-steppe of the Ob region corresponded to the features specific to the development of this species within its natural range.

ИЗМЕНЕНИЕ ТЕРМИЧЕСКИХ РЕСУРСОВ ВЕГЕТАЦИОННОГО ПЕРИОДА И УРОЖАЙНОСТЬ ЯРОВОЙ ПШЕНИЦЫ В УСЛОВИЯХ СРЕДНЕГО ПОВОЛЖЬЯ

The article presents the results of long-term studies (1982-2018) on the assessment of changes in thermal resources during the growing season and the indication of their impact on the yield of spring wheat. The work was carried out in the conditions of the northern part of the Middle Volga region on gray forest soils. The soil of the experimental site is gray forest medium loamy, the content of humus (according to Tyurin) is 2.8...3.2%, mobile phosphorus and potassium (according to Kirsanov) - 105...184 and 79...149 mg /100 g of soil, respectively, pH- 5.6...5.8. During the observation period, the highest temperature increase was recorded in July (2.4°C) and May (2.2°C), and the lowest in June (1.0°C). The sum of effective temperatures over 10°C increased by 500°C during the study period. The yield of spring wheat grown without fertilizers varied greatly in different years, ranging from 0.99 to 2.97 t/ha. The highest value of this indicator was observed at an average monthly air temperature of about 13 0C in May, 17 0C in June, 18 0c in July, and the sum of active temperatures was 1800 0c. The studied thermal resources, in accordance with the significance of the impact on the yield of spring wheat, can be arranged in the following descending order: average air temperature in June > average air temperature in July > the sum of effective temperatures above 10 °C > average air temperature in May. To describe the dependence of the yield of spring wheat grain on thermal resources, in three cases out of four, a polynomial equation of the second degree was better suited, and in one case, an exponential equation.

Influence of agroclimatic conditions of the spring-summer vegetation on the formation of winter wheat yield under the needs of the forest-steppe of Western Siberia

Air temperature and moisture availability are the main environmental factors that have a significant impact on the development of plants during the growing season. The aim of this study is to study the relationship of yield and its constituent elements with climatic factors and to show their role in the formation of productivity of winter wheat. The research was carried out in 2009-2022 in the fields of the Siberian Research Institute of Plant Growing and Breeding, a branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The research material was varieties and breeding lines of winter soft wheat of competitive variety testing. A positive dependence of the amount of precipitation and the hydrothermal coefficient in the interphase period “resumption of vegetation - trumpeting” with the duration of the growing season (r = 0.78; r = 0.73), productive tillering (r = 0.59; r = 0.64) was revealed, plant height (r = 0.60; r = 0.58), number of grains per plant (r = 0.66; r = 0.67). The correlation coefficient of productivity with the HTC and the amount of precipitation was r = 0.66 and r = 0.67, respectively, in the period of “booting - earing”. There is a significant negative correlation of resistance to lodging with both HTC and precipitation (r = -0.63; r = -0.56). The correlation coefficient of the HTC and the amount of rainfall with resistance to lodging in the interphase period “heading - wax ripeness” was significant (r = 0.55). HTC in the period “heading - wax ripeness” was directly proportional to the grain size index r = 0.60 and the amount of precipitation with a mass of 1000 grains r = 0.58. For the entire period of spring-summer vegetation, the correlation coefficient of the HTC and the amount of rainfall with the duration of the growing season was r = 0.63 and r = 0.65, respectively, with a height of r = 0.71 and r = 0.72, resistance to lodging r = -0.68 and r = -0.64 and overall bakery score r = -0.62 and r = -0.63. The amount of precipitation throughout the entire spring-summer vegetation has a positive effect on the grain weight per plant (r = 0.57). The sum of effective temperatures has a positive relationship with the nature of the grain in the period of “booting - heading” (r = 0.65). The correlation coefficient of the sum of effective temperatures with the amount of gluten in the period “heading - wax ripeness” r = 0.74 for the entire spring-summer vegetation r = 0.67.

Phenological Features of the Spongy Moth, Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae), in the Northernmost Portions of Its Eurasian Range.

The spongy moth, Lymatria dispar, is a classic example of an invasive pest accidentally introduced from Europe to North America, where it has become one of the most serious forest defoliators, as in its native range. The present study was aimed at (i) identifying the current northern limit of L. dispar's Eurasian range and exploring its northward expansion in Canada using pheromone trap data, and (ii) comparing northern Eurasian populations with those from central and southern regions with respect to male flight phenology, the sums of effective temperatures (SETs) above the 7 °C threshold necessary for development to the adult stage, and heat availability. We show that the range of L. dispar in Eurasia now reaches the 61st parallel, and comparisons with historical data identify the average speed of spread as 50 km/year. We also document the northern progression of L. dispar in southern Canada, where the actual northern boundary of its range remains to be identified. We show that the median date of male flight does not vary greatly between northern and southern regions of the spongy moth range in Eurasia despite climate differences. Synchronization of flight at different latitudes of the range is associated with an acceleration of larval development in northern Eurasian populations. Similar changes in developmental rate along a latitudinal gradient have not been documented for North American populations. Thus, we argue that this feature of spongy moths from northern Eurasia poses a significant invasive threat to North America in terms of enhanced risks for rapid northward range expansion.

Agroclimatic substantiation of common fennel cultivation in the Western Forest-Steppe

Common fennel, as a plant with a wide range of uses and a highly profitable crop, is of great interest to researchers and agricultural producers and determines the relevance of the study on the adaptation of the crop in the Western Forest-Steppe zone and the complex of technological factors in its cultivation. The purpose of the study was to identify the influence of active and effective temperatures, sowing time, row spacing width, and seeding rate on the productivity of common fennel. In the course of the study, general scientific, mathematical and statistical methods were used. In the conditions of the Western Forest-Steppe, the authors investigated the sums of active and effective temperatures in dynamics in the context of different weather conditions of the years of research and vegetation phases of common fennel plants. As a result of the conducted studies, the indicators of integral photosynthetic active radiation in the growing, generative, and vegetative periods of plant growth and development were analysed. The yield level of common fennel seeds, when grown on deep low-humus chernozems, was determined, depending on the sowing period and the seeding rate for row spacing under different weather conditions during the years of research. A correlation analysis was performed according to the indicators of the yield of common fennel seeds and total temperatures, which can be attributed to the main uncontrolled factors affecting the yield of agricultural crops in a particular growing zone. The expediency of growing common fennel in the conditions of the Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine was proved in terms of the sum of active and effective temperatures during the growing season of fennel, which contributed to the generation of a sufficiently high seed yield, and the optimal sowing time, seeding rate, and row spacing for growing crops in specific soil and climatic conditions of the zone were established. The practical value of the study is conditioned by the development of recommendations for production for agricultural enterprises in the conditions of the Western Forest-Steppe on optimising the complex of technological factors in the cultivation of common fennel

The influence of meteorological factors on the yield formation of naked oats under conditions of the Kirov region

In 2019-2021 studies were carried out in the Kirov region in order to study the cultivars and lines of naked oats in terms of yield and elements of the productivity structure at the background of varying temperature and precipitation during the growing season and to identify promising ones for use in production. Four naked oat lines and the cv. Baget were studied in comparison with the standard cv. Vyatsky. Methods of descriptive and correlation analyses and Student's t-test were used. On average, over the years of the study the highest yield was 4.34 t/ha, the largest number of grains 42.78 pcs., the mass of grain per panicle 1.24 g and per plant 1.33 g. In 2021, it was the most unfavorable conditions over the years of the study (GTC = 0.11, the sum of effective temperatures of 1219.9 °C); the yield varied from 1.01 t/ha for the standard to 1.66 t/ha for the 4h12 line which had duration of growing season of 75...77 days. More favorable weather conditions during the growing season (GTC = 1.78, the sum of effective temperatures of 1634 °C) to form a high yield of up to 7.31 t/ha in cv. Baget and 7.28 t/ha in line 72h11 was in 2019, with a duration of growing season of 97...101 days. In 2020, the indicators were average: yield of 3.70...4.88 t/ha, the sum of effective temperatures of 1327 °C, GTC = 1.77. A positive effect was established of the temperature and precipitation, according to the GTC during the period from seedlings to ear formation, on the yield (r = 0.69...0.84) for all genotypes studied; and for the period from seedlings to waxy ripeness, it varied from significant (r = 0.81... 0.84 in cv. Baget and 63h11 line) to insignificant (r = 0.34...0.73 in lines 72h11, 4h12, 11h12o and standard). Line 4h12 is classified as promising for use in production in terms of the ability to form significantly higher yields in drought conditions relative to the standard (+ 0.65 t/ha) and other lines (+ 0.29...0.52 t/ha).

Оценка отклика на изменение климата в опытах с происхождениями Picea abies (L.) Karst. × P. obovata (Ledeb.) на севере Русской равнины

The article studies the intraspecific response of European spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst. × P. obovata (Ledeb.)) to climatic changes on the basis of data on the growth of 15 provenances in 31-year-old provenance plot of the North Russian Plain (Arkhangelsk and Vologda regions) simulating warming and cooling. We compared the actual height and diameter at the test site and the calculated height at the places of growth of the source stands, determined by recalculating the actual progeny growth data through the latitudinal growth coefficients proposed by I.V. Volosevich for the North Russian Plain. The difference between the calculated and actual growth rates of the corresponding provenance at the test site represented the response of the provenance to the change in growing conditions. The response was crosschecked with differences in climatic characteristics (sum of effective temperatures above 10 °C) and geographic coordinates of the places of origin and growth of spruce. Spruce has approximately the same response rate if offspring move by an equal amount of gradient (north latitude) to the south or to the north and if the climatic factor (sum of temperatures above 10 °C) changes towards warming or cooling. While the sum of temperatures changes above 10 °C for every 100 °C, the difference in growth in height and diameter will be 0.48 m and 0.42 cm, respectively; for each degree of change in northern latitude, on average, 0.50 m and 0.44 cm in height and diameter, respectively. However, for species from the northern taiga subzone, mainly represented by Siberian spruce (P. obovata) the response of the species will be half as much than for the origin of hybrid spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst. × P. obovata (Ledeb.)) from the middle taiga subzone. The calculated values of response by height and diameter for European spruce should be considered when regulating seed transfer and used in forecasts for the adaptation of forestry measures to the expected climatic changes.

Ресурсный потенциал медоносных растений степного Придонья

Melliferous lands comprise the categories of forest fund lands, where melliferous plants and plants that provide high pollen yield grow. Bees pollinating entomophilous plants are 6–10 times more beneficial to forest lands compared to the favours from productive honey flows. The research objectives included identifying the features of the ecological and biological characteristics of melliferous plants of the Fabacea family, specifying the onset, duration and intensity of flowering, determining the sugar content in the nectar of one flower and honey productivity in the steppe Don region. Registration plots were laid out by the route method for the assessment of melliferous resources and determination of the resource potential of forest lands. Necessary observations, registration work, mathematical and statistical data processing were carried out according to the generally accepted methods. The territory of the steppe Don region, where the forest fund lands of the Rostov region are located, has favorable weather conditions and a rich forage base for bees. Тhe honey potential of the studied resources is a dynamic indicator and is of interest both for forest beekeeping and for scientific research. We used the sums of effective temperatures to determine the flowering sequence and characteristics of melliferous plants. The dwarf Russian almond blossoms first among arboreal melliferous plants of the legume family, while the Japanese pagoda tree blossoms last in the middle of the summer honey flow period. Black locust forest stands (497 kg/ha), lands dominated by Japanese pagoda tree (484 kg/ha) and honey locust (245 kg/ha) have the highest honey productivity. The research results showed that the black locust plantations with a bioresource potential of 7111.29 ton in the eastern and central areas of the region are significant for honey flow on the forest fund lands. Forest lands with predominance of spring melliferous plants of boxthorn and dwarf Russian almond on non-forest lands of the forest fund provide a supporting honey flow with a bioresource potential of 2749.168 ton. The studies that were carried out are of practical importance and will allow determining the resource potential of forest lands for honey flow more accurately in the future. In case of a high level of forestry and beekeeping practices, even under adverse weather conditions during nectar harvesting, it will be possible to obtain a productive honey flow, while ensuring timely and effective pollination of forest plants.

Изучение особенностей развития сливовой плодожорки Grapholita funebrana Tr. (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae ) в изменяющихся климатических условиях краснодарского края

Effective management of phytophagous pests and improvement of crop protection measures can be based on the study of the life cycle under specific conditions. In this respect, a number of issues relating to the biological features of plum moth development under modern conditions require clarification and further study. The life cycle of phytophages is determined by two main parameters: heat availability (the sum of the effective temperature) and the duration of daylight hours. The amount of heat required to complete the different stages of otogenesis is characterised by the sum of average daily temperatures. The article presents the results of observations on the development of Grapholita funebrana (Treitschke, 1835) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in 2017–2020, in the Prikubansky zone of the central horticultural subzone of the Krasnodar Territory. The research objectives included gaining new knowledge about adaptive responses, dynamic processes occurring in the G. funebrana population under conditions of increased abiotic effects in the conditions of southern Russia. In the course of the research it was established that the changing climatic conditions observed in recent years have an impact on the flight of the first butterflies of the overwintering generation and on the set of sum of effective temperatures (SET) necessary for the onset and mass flight of the phytophagus. The specified number of calendar days and the sum of effective temperatures required for the development of the overwintered, first and second summer generations are shown in comparison with the average annual indicators. Several peaks were noted during the mass flight period of phytophagus, due to the interruption of the flight period in spring with wind, precipitation, low temperatures, and in summer with high temperatures combined with atmospheric dryness. Several peaks have been observed during the mass flight period of the phytophage, due to the interruption of flight in the spring by wind, precipitation, lower temperatures, and in the summer by high temperatures combined with atmospheric drought.

Assessment of the resistance of strawberry varieties to major diseases in the south of Sakhalin

The article presents the main diseases of garden strawberries in the monsoon climate of the island. Sakhalin - gray rot and white spot. Observations were carried out from 2017 to 2020 in the experimental nursery of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Sakhalin Research Institute of Agriculture”. The purpose of the research was to assess the introduced varieties of garden strawberry for resistance to diseases with the selection of the most resistant varieties for its further introduction. The objects of study were 21 varieties of garden strawberry As a result of the research, varieties that are complexly resistant to white spot and gray rot were identified: Amulet, Deroyyal, El’santa. Deroyyal, El’santa, Figaro, Sal’sa, Tago. Varieties with resistance to white spot are distinguished: Tanyusha, Rumba, Evi, Amulet, Deroyyal, El’santa, Cheburashka. Varieties with weak, 1 point susceptibility to one of the diseases - Rumba, Evi, Cheburashka, Kleri, Podarok sud’by, Vima Zanta, Figaro, Tago, Sal’sa The most affected strawberry varieties to gray rot disease were noted in 2020. The most favorable for the development of white spot disease developed in 2018, 2020, associated with the temperature regime of the air in these years, where the sum of effective temperatures was 781 ° C and 830 ° C. and farms.

МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ ПРОСТРАНСТВЕННО-ВРЕМЕННОЙ ИЗМЕНЧИВОСТИ АГРОКЛИМАТИЧЕСКИХ РЕСУРСОВ ЮГА ТЮМЕНСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

The article presents the results of studying the agro-climatic characteristics of the south of the Tyumen region. Based on the data, a cartographic model of spatio-temporal variability of the sum of effective temperatures, precipitation and hydrothermal coefficient was constructed. Despite the fact that in recent years, the agro-climatic resources of the region enable farmers to grow non-traditional crops for the region, and in other regions of the country, scientists record climate warming, our studies have established a decrease in the sum of temperatures during the growing season in the southern and middle zones by 150–200 °С. The time periods of 2003–2012 and 2013–2022 show that over the past 10 years in the south of the Tyumen region there has been only a change in the nature of the spatial distribution of heat supply and humidification conditions. Due to the decrease in the level of evaporation, the increase in moisture supply and the hydrothermal coefficient have shifted to the north-west of the region.

Agroclimatic and agroecotoxicological justification of zonal chemical protection systems against harmful organisms for field crops under conditions of climate change in Ukraine

Goal. Agroclimatic and agroecotoxicological zoning of the territory of Ukraine in order to justify ecologically safe zonal systems of chemical protection against harmful organisms, their optimization and adaptation to changes in climatic conditions and phytosanitary state of agrocenoses in different soil-climatic zones of Ukraine.
 Methods. Analytical-synthetic and experimental methods were used in the research. Literary sources, reports of the Institute of Plant Protection, data on the distribution and number of pests given in the annual reviews of the Department of Phytosanitary Safety of the State Service of Ukraine on Food Safety and Consumer Protection, databases of the State Statistic Service and the Hydrometeorological Center of Ukraine, as well as the results of field experiments were analyzed. Phytosanitary and ecotoxicological monitoring was carried out according to generally accepted methods. The degree of hazard of pesticide use was assessed using an integral 7-point scale, the risk — according to the agro-ecotoxicological index (AETI).
 Results. Ecological and statistical analysis of long-term databases, dynamics of agrometeorological indicators allows us to come to the conclusion that during the last 10 years climate changes have accelerated. They manifested through the equalization of the temperature field across the country, the increase in the sum of effective temperatures, and a deterioration of heat and moisture supply. This led to a disruption in the functioning of agrocenoses, a decrease in tolerance to the pesticide load. Under conditions of extension of the specified trends, significant disruptions in the functioning of the agricultural sector should be expected, considering the speed of changes. With the help of the Arc GIS — Arc INFO software complex, the agroclimatic and agroecotoxicological zoning of the territory of Ukraine under conditions of climatic changes of 2010—2020 was carried out. A decrease in the self-cleaning ability of the territory has been established. This is especially noticeable in the Forest Steppe, where the zonal self-cleaning index decreased from 0.70—0.50 to 0.60—0.45. Maps of agro-climatic zones and regions of Ukraine with different self-cleaning capabilities have been created.
 Conclusions. Regular addition and update of agro-climatic regulatory information under conditions of climate change is used for the correct selection and placement of agricultural areas, crops, assessment of conditions for their growth and development, planning of field work periods, forecasting of crop production in a specific year. This information is necessary for improving the culture of agriculture, increasing the production of plant products along with the wide application of modern technologies of crop cultivation, in particular chemical protection against harmful organisms.

Productivity of corn as affected by the accumulation of heat units and different nitrogen fertilizers

Purpose. To establish the effectiveness of the application of different fertilizers in corn cultivation technologies in the Left Bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine, depending on the weather conditions of the years of research.
 Methods. Field research was conducted in the years 2019–2021 in dark grey podzolized soil. The results of the study were calculated using the SAS 9.4 software package. Analysis of variance was performed using the Duncan rank criterion.
 Results. Calculations of the accumulation of heat units showed a significant difference by year, which largely determined the level of corn productivity. During vegetation, the sum of active temperatures in the conditions of the northern regions of the Left Bank Forest Steppe varied, on average for 2019–2021, from 3235 (May–September) to 3731 (April–November). The largest range of difference between the sums of heat units was for the period April–October, from 3550 in 2019 to 3845 in 2021, which indicates the potential for earlier corn sowing dates in this region under favorable weather conditions. Corn hybrids ‘EU Concord’ and 'EU Asteroid' are quite plastic and respond positively to optimization of nutrition. Application of N22Р57К57 in the form of diamophoska provides an increase in the yield of their grain by 0.99–1.01 t/ha, or 16.3–16.4%. Additional application of nitrogen fertilizers against the background of diammonium phosphate provides an increase in yield from 0.57 to 1.33 t/ha, or by 8.0–18.6%. With the introduction of potassium ammonium nitrate (KAN 32), the yield increase in ‘EU Concord’ was 2.19 t/ha and in ‘EU Asteroid’ 2.34 t/ha compared to the control.
 Conclusions. The sum of the accumulated heat units during vegetation more objectively characterizes the thermal resources of the area compared to the sums of positive, active and effective temperatures, which makes it possible to more accurately determine the optimal dates for sowing and the end of the crop vegetation season in the conditions of the research region. Applying nitrogen in several ways optimizes the nutrition of corn plants, ensuring an increase in individual productivity and grain yield up to 18.6%.

Adaptability of high-protein barley genotypes under the conditions of the Volga-Vyatka region

Background. Barley grain is unique raw material of versatile uses. More than 60% of the grain produced In the Volga-Vyatka region goes directly to fodder production purposes. One of the urgent tasks is to develop high-yielding cultivars with good grain quality, thus reducing protein deficiency in farm animal feeds and meeting the need for fodder grain that increases every year. Its successful solution requires a search for new high-yielding and high-protein source genotypes adapted to the conditions of the Volga-Vyatka region and their involvement in the breeding process.Materials and methods. Experimental work was carried out in 2018–2020 at the Federal Agricultural Research Center of the North-East named N.V. Rudnitsky, Kirov. Protein content in grain, yield, resistance to lodging, and duration of the growing season of 31 barley accessions were assessed. The barley collection was studied according to the International COMECON List of Descriptors for the Genus Hordeum L. and Methodological Guidelines. Protein content was measured using a universal rapid analyzer (INFRAMATIC 8620).Results and conclusions. Protein content had a strong correlation with Selyaninov’s hydrothermal coefficient in the interphase period from ear emergence to maturity (r = 0.85); the sum of effective temperatures during the entire growing season (r = 0.75); and precipitation in the period from seedling emergence to maturity (r = 0.67). Traits of breeding value (yield, lodging resistance, environmental plasticity, and stability) were observed in the following accessions: k-30574 (‘Filippa’, Sweden), k-30256 (‘Rodos’, Poland), ya-52 (‘Crusades’, Great Britain), k-35415 (NCL 95098, Argentina), k-30892 (‘Naran’, Russia), k-15619 (‘Polyarny 14’, Russia), ya-4 (752A, Switzerland), k-30349 (Landrace, Peru), k-5983 (Local, Afghanistan), k-3506 (Local, India), k-2929 (Local, China), k-2930 (Local, China), and k-5210 (‘Makbo’, Australia).

Связь урожайности яровой пшеницы с агрометеорологическими показателями на территории Северо-Казахстанской области Республики Казахстан

The features of agrometeorological conditions in the natural zones of the North Kazakhstan region during the period from 1991 to 2021 are investigated. The dependence of the spring wheat yield on total precipitation, the sum of effective air temperatures, moisture supply and aridity indices of the growing season is established. The results of the study will be useful for researchers and practical agronomists when solving the problems of rational use of spring wheat crops. Keywords: precipitation, air temperature, moisture availability, aridity, growing season, spring wheat