Influence of agroclimatic conditions of the spring-summer vegetation on the formation of winter wheat yield under the needs of the forest-steppe of Western Siberia

Abstract

Air temperature and moisture availability are the main environmental factors that have a significant impact on the development of plants during the growing season. The aim of this study is to study the relationship of yield and its constituent elements with climatic factors and to show their role in the formation of productivity of winter wheat. The research was carried out in 2009-2022 in the fields of the Siberian Research Institute of Plant Growing and Breeding, a branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The research material was varieties and breeding lines of winter soft wheat of competitive variety testing. A positive dependence of the amount of precipitation and the hydrothermal coefficient in the interphase period “resumption of vegetation - trumpeting” with the duration of the growing season (r = 0.78; r = 0.73), productive tillering (r = 0.59; r = 0.64) was revealed, plant height (r = 0.60; r = 0.58), number of grains per plant (r = 0.66; r = 0.67). The correlation coefficient of productivity with the HTC and the amount of precipitation was r = 0.66 and r = 0.67, respectively, in the period of “booting - earing”. There is a significant negative correlation of resistance to lodging with both HTC and precipitation (r = -0.63; r = -0.56). The correlation coefficient of the HTC and the amount of rainfall with resistance to lodging in the interphase period “heading - wax ripeness” was significant (r = 0.55). HTC in the period “heading - wax ripeness” was directly proportional to the grain size index r = 0.60 and the amount of precipitation with a mass of 1000 grains r = 0.58. For the entire period of spring-summer vegetation, the correlation coefficient of the HTC and the amount of rainfall with the duration of the growing season was r = 0.63 and r = 0.65, respectively, with a height of r = 0.71 and r = 0.72, resistance to lodging r = -0.68 and r = -0.64 and overall bakery score r = -0.62 and r = -0.63. The amount of precipitation throughout the entire spring-summer vegetation has a positive effect on the grain weight per plant (r = 0.57). The sum of effective temperatures has a positive relationship with the nature of the grain in the period of “booting - heading” (r = 0.65). The correlation coefficient of the sum of effective temperatures with the amount of gluten in the period “heading - wax ripeness” r = 0.74 for the entire spring-summer vegetation r = 0.67.