Shielding Effect Research Articles

Preparation of Silicon Nanopillar Arrays Using Reactive Ion Etching with a Faraday Cage.

Faraday cages are extensively utilized in plasma-based etching and deposition processes to regulate ion behavior due to their shielding effect on electromagnetic fields. Herein, vertical silicon nanopillar arrays are fabricated through SF6 and O2 reactive ion etching. By incorporation of a Faraday cage in the plasma equipment, the impact of the Faraday cage on the morphology of the silicon nanopillars is analyzed; the Faraday cage blocks out the sputtered particles and eradicates the formation of silicon nanograss. Specifically, it regulates the value and dispersion of the etching rate by varying the mesh number and the distance from the grid wires to the sample surface. A "flattening belly" phenomenon of silicon nanopillars associated with the temperature is resolved using segmented multiple etching processes. This research contributes to an in-depth analysis of plasma etching using a Faraday cage as well as potential applications for silicon nanopillars.

Influence of Electrostatic Interactions on the Self-Assembly of Charged Peptides.

Peptides can be designed to self-assemble into predefined supramolecular nanostructures, which are then employed as biomaterials in a range of applications, including tissue engineering, drug delivery, and vaccination. However, current self-assembling peptide (SAP) hydrogels exhibit inadequate self-healing capacities and necessitate the use of sophisticated printing apparatus, rendering them unsuitable for 3D printing under physiological conditions. Here, we report a precisely designed charged peptide, Z5, with the object of investigating the impact of electrostatic interactions on the self-assembly and the rheological properties of the resulting hydrogels. This peptide displays salt-triggered self-assembly resulting in the formation of a nanofiber network with a high β-sheet content. The peptide self-assembly and the hydrogel properties can be modified according to the ionic environment. It is noteworthy that the Z5 hydrogel in normal saline (NS) shows exceptional self-healing properties, demonstrating the ability to recover its initial strength in seconds after the removal of shear force, thus rendering it an acceptable material for printing. In contrast, the strong salt shielding effect and the ionic cross-linking of Z5 hydrogels in PBS result in the bundling of peptide nanofibers, which impedes the recovery of the initial strength post-destruction. Furthermore, incorporating materials with varied charging properties into Z5 hydrogels can alter the electrostatic interactions among peptide nanofibers, further modulating the rheological properties and the printability of SAP hydrogels.

Effects of Hydroxyapatite Additions on Alginate Gelation Kinetics During Cross-Linking.

Alginate hydrogels have gathered significant attention in biomedical engineering due to their remarkable biocompatibility, biodegradability, and ability to encapsulate cells and bioactive molecules, but much less has been reported on the kinetics of gelation. Scarce experimental data are available on cross-linked alginates (AL) with bioactive components. The present study addressed a novel method for defining the crosslinking mechanism using rheological measurements for aqueous mixtures of AL and calcium chloride (CaCl2) with the presence of hydroxyapatite (HAp) as filler particles. The time-dependent crosslinking behaviour of these mixtures was exploited using a plate-plate rheometer, when crosslinking occurs due to calcium ions (Ca2+) binding to the guluronic acid blocks within the AL polymer, forming a stable "egg-box" structure. To reveal the influence of HAp particles as filler on crosslinked sample morphology, after rheological measurement and crosslinking, crosslinked samples were freeze-dried and their morphology was assessed using an optical microscope and SEM. It was found that the addition of HAp particles, which are known to enhance the mechanical properties and biocompatibility of crosslinked AL gels, significantly decreased (usually rapidly) the interaction between the Ca2+ and AL chains. In this research, the physical "shielding" effect of HAp particles on the crosslinking of AL with Ca2+ ions has been observed for the first time, and its crosslinking behaviour was defined using rheological methods. After crosslinking and rheometer measurements, the samples were further evaluated for morphological properties and the observations were correlated with their dewatering properties. While the presence of HAp particles led to a slower crosslinking process and a more uniform development of the rheological parameters, it also led to a more uniform porosity and improved dewatering properties. The observed effects allow for a better understanding of the crosslinking process kinetics, which directly affects the physical and chemical properties of the AL gels. The shielding behaviour (retardation) of filler particles occurs when they physically or chemically block certain components in a mixture, delaying their interaction with other reactants. In hydrogel formulations, filler particles like hydroxyapatite (HAp) can act as barriers, adsorbing onto reactive components or creating physical separation, which slows the reaction rate and allows for controlled gelation or delayed crosslinking. This delayed reactivity is beneficial for precise control over the reaction timing, enabling the better manipulation of material properties such as crosslinking distribution, pore structure, and mechanical stability. In this research, the physical shielding effect of HAp particles was observed through changes in rheological properties during crosslinking and was dependent on the HAp concentration. The addition of HAp also enabled more uniform porosity and improved dewatering properties. The observed effects allow for a better understanding of the crosslinking process kinetics, which directly affects the physical and chemical properties of the AL gels.

X-ray Responsive Antioxidant Drug-Free Hydrogel for Treatment of Radiation Skin Injury.

Radiotherapy (RT) is widely applied in tumor therapy, but inevitable side effects, especially for skin radiation injury, are still a fatal problem and life-threatening challenge for tumor patients. The main components of topical radiation protection preparations currently available on the market are antioxidants, such as SOD, which are limited by their unstable activity and short duration of action, making it difficult to achieve the effects of radiation protection and skin radiation damage treatment. Therefore, we designed a drug-free antioxidant hydrogel patch with encapsulated bioactive epidermal growth factor (EGF) for the treatment of radiation skin injury. The X-ray responsive hydrogel formed by copolymerization of the disulfide-containing hyperbranched poly(β-hydrazide ester) macromer polymer (PBAE), methacryloylated hyaluronic acid, and acrylamide exhibits continuous antioxidant activity through the oxidation of disulfide bonds in PBAE as well as the triggered release of EGF after X-ray responsive breakage of the polymer network to finally promote radioactive wound healing. Upon radiotherapy, the antioxidant hydrogel is able to alleviate local oxidative stress by continuously eliminating excessive ROS and can prevent deterioration of radiation skin injury. Moreover, the drug-free hydrogel with its excellent antioxidant property can overcome the disadvantages of traditional medicine (such as poor solubility, random diffusion, rapid drug clearance, and interference with tumor efficacy). Notably, the drug-free hydrogel exhibits a negligible effect for tumor therapy because the antioxidant hydrogel acts only on the epidermis and displays no shielding effect for ionization radiation. Ultimately, in vivo animal studies affirm the efficacy of our methodology, wherein the administration of the antioxidant hydrogel on acute irradiated skin attenuates the progression of radiation skin injury and promotes radioactive wound healing. This innovative strategy points out a new inspiration for the precise treatment of skin radiation damage with X-ray responsive antioxidant drug-free hydrogels.

Determine the Relative Aromaticity of Bilayer Graphyne, Bilayer Graphdiyne, and Bilayer Graphtriyne.

The electronic structure characteristics of bilayer graphyne, bilayer graphdiyne, and bilayer graphtriyne were systematically studied using molecular orbital (MO) analysis, density of states (DOS), and interaction region indicator (IRI) methods. The delocalization characteristics of the out-of-plane and in-plane π electrons (i.e., πout and πin electrons) of these materials were analyzed using the localized orbital locator (LOL). In addition, their responses to external magnetic fields were investigated through anisotropic induced current density (AICD) and isoscalar chemical shielding surfaces (ICSSs) to compare the induced ring currents and magnetic shielding effects, further exploring the aromaticity of the three bilayer materials. The research results indicate that as the number of alkyne groups increases, the aromaticity of the bilayer graphyne structure gradually weakens. Finally, their photophysical properties were studied through TD-DFT calculations. The results show that they exhibit strong localized excitation characteristics.

A systematic review of the effectiveness of leaded glasses for ensuring safety among healthcare professionals in fluoroscopy.

Currently, there is an increase in procedures across various clinical specialties involving the use of ionising radiation. The primary objective of this systematic review is to analyse and compare the existing literature regarding the effectiveness of leaded glasses for healthcare professionals. Comprehensive literature searches were conducted for relevant studies published between 2018 and 2023 using the Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases according to preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) methodology. After the complete text screening, 11 articles were deemed suitable for inclusion in the review. Leaded glasses significantly reduce eye radiation exposure, with studies showing shielding effects ranging from 10 % to 88,9 %, depending on the configuration and thickness of the glasses. For instance, lightweight glasses achieved a shielding effect of 61.4 %, while thicker lead equivalents (≥0.5 mm) offered up to ninefold dose reductions. Studies also noted the importance of lateral shielding and ergonomic designs for optimal protection. Leaded glasses significantly reduce eye lens doses but are most effective when combined with other protective measures. Factors such as head orientation, procedural complexity, and operator movement influence their performance. The findings underscore the need for standardised guidelines on protective eyewear use and further research under real-world clinical conditions. It is essential to ensure the proper use of leaded glasses to minimize the risks of ionising radiation for healthcare professionals in fluoroscopy procedures.

Kill two birds with one stone: Biochar immobilised polydopamine coated compound bacterial agent for remediation of dibutyl phthalate contaminated soil.

The severe contamination of the plasticiser dibutyl phthalate (DBP) in agriculture soils is often accompanied by a decrease in nutrient utilisation. Though the combined application of a variety of microorganisms can simultaneously address the problems of soil contamination and nutrient deprivation, the activity and function of microorganisms can be severely inhibited by DBP, and studies on their protection under DBP contamination are almost non-existent. In this study, a compound bacterial agent KPSB was prepared by optimising with Fe3O4-modified biochar loaded with DBP-degrading bacterium Enterobacterium sp. DNB-S2 and polydopamine (PDA)-coated potassium-solubilizing bacterium Paenibacillus sp. KT. The results showed that KPSB was able to simultaneously remove DBP and increase the soil available potassium (K) content. PDA has good biocompatibility and shielding effect, and the strain KT coated by it has more complete cell membrane and stronger ability to secrete low molecular weight organic acids to promote K solubilisation. The Fe3O4-modified biochar with suitable pore structure, large specific surface area and abundant functional groups could provide a good growth microenvironment for functional microorganisms and support the growth of strains while promoting the degradation of DBP. The expression of DBP-degradation-related genes was significantly increased in KPSB, which promoted the removal of DBP. In addition, KPSB has good acid and alkali resistance and a wide range of temperature adaptability, and is able to remove DBP and increase the available K content better under different environmental conditions. These results will provide new perspectives for the research of in situ soil remediation technology.

High‐voltage electron microscopy analyses for crack‐tip dislocations and their shielding effect on fracture toughness in MgO and Si crystals

AbstractIn this study, characteristics of dislocation structures around a crack‐tip in both crystals of MgO and Si were investigated using high‐voltage electron microscopy (HVEM). The interaction between a crack and dislocations was analyzed to discuss the effect of crack‐tip plasticity on fracture toughness. The present paper first demonstrates a dislocation configuration around a crack‐tip in a MgO thin crystal, where the plastic zone called 45°‐shear type is dominant under the plane stress condition. Then, the slip systems necessary for brittle‐to‐ductile transition in ionic crystals with the rock‐salt structure are discussed based on the temperature dependence of stress‐strain relationships and the aspect of crack front observed in NaCl crystals. Second, crack‐tip dislocations near the surface of bulk Si crystals are exhibited based on the 3D analyses using HVEM tomography. We focus on a newfound plastic zone being perpendicular to the crack plane, which is different from either 45°‐shear type or the hinge type generally well‐known. The dislocation loops observed in this plastic zone fundamentally have a crack‐tip shielding effect to increase fracture toughness. Still, in addition, they contribute to activating crack‐tip dislocations by their localized antishielding field. These analyses reveal a fundamental toughening mechanism for crystalline materials.

Modulating Interface of Ni-Embedded Hollow Porous Ti3C2Tx MXene Film Toward Efficient EMI Shielding.

Since the explosive growth of state-of-the-art electronics and devices raises concerns about electromagnetic pollution, exploring novel and efficient electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials is desirable and crucial. Ti3C2Tx MXenes hold significant EMI shielding potential due to their inherent characteristics, including lightweight, metal-like conductivities, unique layered structure, and facile processing. Nonetheless, it remains challenging to fabricate Ti3C2Tx MXenes-based EMI shielding materials with efficient shielding capability and low reflection. Herein, an interface modulating strategy is designed to fabricate Ni-embedded hollow porous Ti3C2Tx MXene film. Benefiting from this strategy, the impedance matching is enhanced and the magnetic loss is simultaneously introduced. The multiple reflections, Ohmic loss, magnetic loss, and interfacial polarization concurrently contribute to the EMI shielding mechanism of the film. Accordingly, the film delivers an impressive EMI shielding effectiveness (SET) of 70.7dB at a thickness of ≈55µm, whilst the average reflection effectiveness (SER) is only 17.4dB. The specific EMI shielding effectiveness (SSE/t) is as high as 35126 dB∙cm2∙g-1. This study demonstrates a novel and effective routine for constructing EMI shielding materials with superior shielding capability and minimal reflection.

Evaluation of radiation shielding effectiveness of some metallic alloys used in the nuclear facilities

Abstract Several nuclear shielding parameters were evaluated for stainless steel grades 304, 304 L, 316, and 316 L. The effective atomic number Zeff, mean free path (MFP), effective electron density Neff, half-value layer (HVL), and effective conductivity (Ceff) of the investigated alloys were evaluated via the mass attenuation coefficient (µ/ρ). The mass attenuation (µ/ρ) coefficients were computed for gamma-ray photons in the energy range 15 keV to 15 MeV using Phy-X/PSD program. Fast neutron attenuation was analyzed by computing the removal cross-sections (SR) using partial density method. The obtained results by Phy-X/PSD program were validated using Monte Carlo (MCNP4C) code. The stopping power of these alloys against e-1/H1/He+2 ions was evaluated using the ESTAR and SRIM Monte Carlo code, considering total stopping power (TSP) and projected range (PR). Furthermore, the transmitted neutron fraction at different neutron energies were calculated using Neutron Calculatro-V2 code for thermal neutrons (of energy 25.4 eV) and fast neutrons (with energies of 4 and 4.5 MeV). The obtained results showed that 316L alloy possesses good protection performance against gamma photons, charged particles, fast and thermal neutrons compared with other investigated alloys. Comparison of the calculated values revealed good agreement between Phy-X/PSD and MCNP4b. This work should be informative for the potential uses of these materials in the nuclear industry to build effective radiation shielding.

Lightweight MXene Composite Films with Hollow Egg-Box Structures: Enhanced Electromagnetic Shielding Performance Beyond Pure MXene.

MXene is widely used in the electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding field. However, the high electromagnetic reflectivity of pure MXene causes potential secondary EMI pollution. This study presents a hollow egg-box structure used in MXene composite film, by which the reflectivity (R) could decrease from 0.98 to 0.54 and absorbance (A) increased from 0.02 to 0.45, effectively decreasing the high electromagnetic reflectivity of pure MXene. Additionally, compared to pure MXene films, the MXene composite films exhibit improved electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) and SSE/t. The prepared films achieve a peak EMI SE of 69.19 dB at 12.4 GHz, which is 1.3 times higher than pure MXene, and a peak SSE/t of 27 888 dBcm2g⁻¹ at 12.4 GHz, 1.4 times that of pure MXene. The hollow egg-box structure not only enhances the electromagnetic shielding performance beyond pure MXene but also demonstrates outstanding performance compared to most reported MXene films, balancing lightweight material properties with effective shielding. Furthermore, the prepared MXene composite films with the hollow egg-box structure show improved water resistance. Therefore, MXene composite films with hollow egg-box structures are promising candidates for advanced EMI devices in future lightweight materials.

Regression Analysis for Predicting the Magnetic Field Shielding Effectiveness of Ferrite Sheets

In this paper, a method to predict near-field magnetic shielding effectiveness (NSE) of ferrite sheets is proposed by measuring their relative permeability. The NSE prediction for ferrite sheets is developed using eight regression models based on higher-order terms of permeability, extracted through Minitab’s regression analysis using data from the measured NSE and relative permeabilities of the ferrite sheets. To analyze the accuracy of the predicted NSE in comparison to the measured NSE, the mean square error (MSE) was computed. As a result, the extracted regression models enable fast and accurate NSE predictions for ferrite sheets up to 100 MHz, achieving an MSE of less than 1.0, in contrast to numerical simulation methods that require several hours.

Numerical analysis of the hydraulic fracture propagation behavior encountering gravel in conglomerate reservoirs

Hydraulic fracturing, which forms complex fracture networks, is a common technique for efficiently exploiting low-permeability conglomerate reservoirs. However, the presence of gravel makes conglomerate highly heterogeneous, endowing the deformation, failure, and internal micro-scale fracture expansion mechanisms with uniqueness. The mechanism of fracture expansion when encountering gravel in conglomerate reservoirs remains unclear, challenging the design and effective implementation of hydraulic fracturing. This paper utilizes the Abaqus platform and adopts the maximum circumferential strain fracture criterion to establish a two-dimensional fluid-solid-structure coupled fracture expansion model. The study investigates the impact of permeability, Young’s modulus, in-situ stress difference, and incidence angle on the fracture expansion behavior in the presence of gravel. The results indicate that low-permeability gravel induces pressure changes near the fracture tip, like 13% pore pressure increase and stress reductions. Shear stress on the gravel surface rises by 28.3%, and choosing layers with a smaller permeability gap between matrix and gravel can reduce complex near-well fractures. High Young’s modulus gravel has a stress shielding effect around fractures, which is direction-dependent, with over tenfold stress variations. It causes a 60.7% increase in peak shear stress on the gravel surface, exacerbating fracture complexity and reducing extension distance, and a greater strength disparity between gravel and matrix enhances this effect. A high in-situ stress difference (over 8 MPa) weakens gravel-caused stress shielding, leading to stable fracture propagation with a single morphology and increased extension distance, though not favoring complex network formation. As the incidence angle rises, the gravel’s impact on stress and seepage fields weakens, but the risk of shear failure on the cementation interface increases. The findings provide a basis for optimizing operations in such reservoirs considering the various properties of gravel and their effects on fluid flow and fracture behavior.

A Graphene/MXene-Modified Flexible Fabric for Infrared Camouflage, Electrothermal, and Electromagnetic Interference Shielding.

Although materials with infrared camouflage capabilities are increasingly being produced, few applications exist in clothing fabrics. Here, graphene/MXene-modified fabric with superior infrared camouflage, Joule heating, and electromagnetic shielding capabilities all in one was prepared by simply scraping a graphene slurry onto alkali-treated cotton fabrics, followed by spraying MXene. The functionality of the modified fabrics after different treatment times was then tested and analyzed. The results indicate that the mid-infrared emissivity of the modified fabric decreases with an increase in the coating times of graphene and MXene. When the graphene/MXene-modified fabrics are prepared at loads of 5 and 1.2 mg/cm2, respectively, the modified fabrics have very low infrared emissivity in the 3-5 and 8-14 μm bands, and the surface temperature can be reduced by 53.1 °C when placed on a heater with a temperature of 100 °C (surface radiation temperature of 95 °C). The modified fabric also demonstrates excellent Joule heating capabilities; at 4 V of power, a temperature of 91.7 °C may be reached in 30 s. In addition, customized materials exhibit strong electromagnetic shielding performance. By simply folding the cloth, the electromagnetic interference shield effect can be increased to 64.3 dB. With their superior infrared camouflage, thermal management, and electromagnetic shielding performance, graphene/MXene-modified fabrics have found extensive use in intelligent wearables and military applications.

Mining Druggable Sites in Influenza A Hemagglutinin: Binding of the Pinanamine-Based Inhibitor M090.

Assessing the binding mode of drug-like compounds is key in structure-based drug design. However, this may be challenged by factors such as the structural flexibility of the target protein. In this case, state-of-the-art computational methods can be valuable to explore the linkages between structural and pharmacological data. Following this strategy, extended molecular dynamics simulations and thermodynamic integration calculations are used to examine the binding of the potent antiviral inhibitor M090 and related pinanamine-based analogues, covering a 250-fold difference in inhibitory potency to the influenza A hemagglutinin, which is essential for virus entry and membrane fusion. This analysis has disclosed the hydrophobic shielding effect played by the 3-cyclopropylthiophene moiety in M090. Furthermore, the results support the negative effect of the resistance-induced E742 → D mutation, which should weaken the binding by increasing the structural flexibility of the L2-BS loop. The results pave the way to exploration of the antiviral activity of novel compounds.

Clinical and Imaging Features of Head and Neck Metastasis of High-Grade Glioma: A Single-Center Case Series.

High-grade gliomas are the most frequent primary brain tumors, yet extraneural metastasis is exceedingly rare. This is in part secondary to the relatively poor survival of these patients and likely the shielding effect of the blood-brain barrier. Given the rarity of extraneural metastasis, the pathophysiology and imaging appearance of extraneural metastasis is under-reported and poorly understood. In this case series we present 6 patients with pathology-confirmed high-grade glioma and extraneural head and neck metastasis. We highlight imaging features of metastasis on CT, MRI, and PET/CT. We also explore potential correlations and pathophysiology of high-grade glioma metastasis to the head and neck region.

Intercalation-Induced Interlayer and Defect Engineering in Ti3C2Tx MXene for Ultralow-Reflection Electromagnetic Interference Shielding.

Interlayer and defect engineering significantly affects the electrical conductivity and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding of Ti3C2Tx MXene. Previous studies have prioritized the size of the intercalant over its synergy with chemical affinity, limiting the elucidation of the intercalation mechanism and the precise control of the interlayer spacing (d-spacing). Herein, we synthesize MXene aerogels with a tunable d-spacing and defect density using a series of amine molecules of different sizes and chemical affinities as intercalants and cross-linkers. Particularly, the intercalation of p-phenylenediamine (PPD) increases the d-spacing of MXene from 0.960 to 1.642 nm. Simultaneously, the increased d-spacing contributes to an increased defect density within the Ti-Ti layer. Hence, the PPD@MXene aerogel exhibits reduced surface electric field intensity and increased internal polarization loss, resulting in absorption-dominated EMI shielding. The absorptivity reaches 0.92, far exceeding the reported shielding materials, with a shielding effectiveness of 50.4 dB. This study provides a theoretical foundation and preliminary guidance for the development of interlayer-engineered MXene shielding materials.

A study based on biochar as a reinforcing agent of irradiated waste thermoplastic composite for polymer engineering and electromagnetic shielding applications

A study based on biochar as a reinforcing agent of irradiated waste thermoplastic composite for polymer engineering and electromagnetic shielding applications

Designing Carbon-Foam Composites via Molten-State Reduction for Multifunctional Electromagnetic Interference Shielding.

Advanced electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials are in great demand because of the severe electromagnetic population problem caused by the explosive growth of advanced electronics. Besides superior EMI shielding properties, the mechanical strength of the shielding materials is also critical for some specific application scenarios (e.g., shielding cases and shielding frames). Although most reported EMI shielding materials possess good shielding properties and lightweight characteristics, they usually exhibit a poor mechanical strength. Concurrently, multifunctionality is also essential for the application of the EMI shielding material. This study develops a molten-state-based in situ reduction strategy to fabricate an efficient EMI shielding composite, enabling the uniform dispersion of Co-nanoparticles on the carbon form matrix while featuring a high density of defects. This ensures the high mechanical strength of the composite due to the presence of a huge interface and significantly enhances the EMI shielding performance. The composite achieves an optimal shielding effectiveness of 32.6 dB and compressive strength of 38.31 MPa, respectively, improved by 65.4 and 123.4% compared to the pristine carbon foam. Simultaneously, the composite also exhibits desirable electrochemical and photothermal conversion properties. This research offers insights into the design of composites that excel in electromagnetic interference shielding, mechanical robustness, and multifunctionality.

Gene-Implanting by a Porphyrin Derivative to Establish Quasi-antennas into the Carbon Microspheres toward Superior Microwave Absorbing/Shielding Performance.

Carbon microspheres (CMSs) are recognized as highly effective microwave absorbers due to their exceptional wave absorption properties. In this study, 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-aminophenyl)porphyrin, a metamaterial, was chemically bonded to CMSs─considered a conjugated carbon structure─using a 1,3-dibromopropane linker to explore the synergistic properties and microwave absorption capabilities of the synthesized composite. The synthesized structures were characterized by using X-ray diffraction, FE-SEM, Fourier transform infrared, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, and VNA analyses. Remarkably, the gene-modified microwave absorber demonstrated a maximum reflection loss of -105.58 dB at 22.93 GHz, with an ultrathin thickness of only 0.50 mm. When the architected samples were blended with poly(methyl methacrylate), a practical polymer, they exhibited a broad efficient bandwidth across the entire K-band, coupled with moderate shielding effectiveness, making them ideal for mitigating electromagnetic pollution in everyday life. This study offers inspiration for researchers to fabricate and design new enhanced microwave absorbers for a range of applications.