Effective Removal Of Dyes Research Articles

Sugarcane cellulose-based composite hydrogel enhanced by g-C3N4 nanosheet for selective removal of organic dyes from water.

The effective removal of toxic dyes from aqueous solution is of great significance for environmental protection. Herein, an eco-friendly sugarcane cellulose (SBC)/sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC-Na) adsorbent reinforced with carbon nitride (g-C3N4) was successfully prepared via a facile sol-gel method. The resulting gel-like adsorbent or composite hydrogel was comprehensively characterized with FTIR, SEM, EDS, TGA analysis. The adsorption behaviors of the adsorbent in the removal of methylene blue (MB) were systematically investigated. Results showed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir model described adsorption process accurately with the maximum adsorption capacity of 362.3mgg-1, indicating that adsorption behavior is a monolayer chemical adsorption. Moreover, the composited hydrogel displayed excellent adsorption selectivity on MB/MO or MB/RhB mixed dyes. In addition, adsorbent showed great stability and reusability with almost no loss in adsorption capacity after 7cycles. Due to the facile preparation process and outstanding mechanical properties, as well as high recyclability, g-C3N4@SBC/CMC has great potential in wastewater treatment.

Organophilicized Bentonite for Adsorptive Removal of Methylene Blue (MB) Dye in Aqueous Medium: Thermodynamics, Kinetics and Equilibrium Studies

HDTMA and TMPA cations intercalated bentonite clay has been assessed for the effective removal of methylene blue dye (MB) in aqueous solution. The adsorbents has been characterized by Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD). Various sorption parameters like effect of initial MB concentration, contact time and pH were used to investigate the sorption process. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms as well as Pseudo First order, Pseudo Second order and intraparticle diffusion kinetic models were applied to investigate the sorption mechanisms. Results from the adsorption experiment confirmed 180 minutes as equilibrium time for maximum sorption of MB by both organoclays. Increase in initial MB concentration resulted to a corresponding increase in the adsorption capacities of both organoclays. Adsorption of MB by the organoclays were highly influenced by pH, as maximum sorption of MB was achieved at pH of 7. Among the isotherm and kinetic models exploited, the Langmuir isotherm and Pseudo second order kinetic model gave best fit to the experimental data respectively. Results from thermodynamic studies showed that the process of adsorption of MB onto the organoclays were feasible, spontaneous and exothermic; and successful reapplication of regenerated spent organoclays (Bt-HDTMA and Bt-TMPA) yielded MB dye removal percentage of 89.6 and 85.3% respectively at 60 minutes contact time. Therefore, the results obtained from the entire study confirms the efficacy of HDTMA and TMPA intercalated bentonite clay for effective removal of cationic dyes in aqueous solution at optimal experimental conditions

Garlic peel based mesoporous carbon nanospheres for an effective removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions: Detailed isotherms and kinetics

Biowaste based nanoadsorbents have gained much attention in the recent times for wastewater decolourization owing to their low cost, high surface area and high adsorption capacities. In the present research, garlic peel based nanoparticles (GCNP) were synthesized at different temperatures by a one step pyrolytic green approach for the effective removal of cationic dye, malachite green from the aqueous medium. The surface properties of Garlic nanoparticles were elucidated by N2 adsorption- desorption and all the GCNP samples were found to exhibit Type IV(a) isotherm indicating the presence of mesopores in carbon matrix. Using BET calculations, highest surface area (380 m2/g) was obtained for GCNP synthesized at 1000 ◦C. Characterization of nanoparticles was done by XRD, EDAX, SEM and FTIR studies before and after the dye treatment. Adsorption studies conducted using different parameters like contact time, concentration and pH and dosage of adsorbent showed removal efficiency above 90% for the contact time of 70 min. Best adsorption experimental results were obtained for GCNP synthesized at 1000 °C ascribable to its high surface area, higher total pore volume (0.26 cm2/g) and higher carbon content. Four adsorption isotherm models were used to validate batch equillibrium studies and the results showed data in good agreement with Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms with maximum Langmuir adsorbtion capactiy to be 373.7 mg/g. Kinetic modelling of the data showed best fit with the Pseudo second order model with rate constant value of 48.726 g mg−1 min−1. Regenerative studies were conducted conducted upto 6 cycles. Also the GC nanoparticles were tested for their compatibility in membrane form wherein, removal efficiency results were obtained for GCNP anchored in polyvinyl difluoride (PVDF) and polysulfone (PSF) membrane matrix for dye adsorption.

Mechanically robust sodium alginate/cellulose nanofibers/polyethyleneimine composite aerogel for effective removal of hexavalent chromium and anionic dyes

AbstractTo improve the mechanical properties and adsorption capacity of sodium alginate aerogel (SA), cellulose nanofibers were used as reinforcing fillers, and polyethyleneimine (PEI) was used as a crosslinker to reinforce the SA aerogel. Moreover, PEI provided functional groups to adsorb Cr(VI) and anionic dyes (Congo red [CR] and Methyl orange [MO]) through electrostatic and coordination action. The biomass aerogel adsorption materials were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive spectroscopy, x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and so on. The results showed that the maximum adsorption capacity of the composite aerogel adsorbent for Cr(VI), CR, and MO under the optimal pH value was 726.59, 2007.48, and 2253.38 mg/g, respectively. Langmuir model and quasi‐second‐order kinetics can be employed to reasonably describe the adsorption process of Cr(VI) and anionic dyes. Compared with other reported adsorption materials, this biomass composite aerogel has notable advantages such as simple preparation, economical application, high adsorption capacity, convenient recycling, and environmental.

The Use of Inexpensive Sorbents to Remove Dyes from Wastewater - A Review

Dyes are utilized in various industrial applications, and some businesses' effluents include hazardous dyes. Humans, aquatic creatures, and the environment are all harmed by dyes. As a result, adequately treated dyes that manage wastewater must be before being discharged into nearby bodies of water. Adsorption has proven to be high and cost-effective in removing dyes from wastewater. The sorbent material for dye removal from industrial effluent is activated carbon, but its high cost limits massive-scale utilization. The use of cost-effective adsorbents for wastewater discharge dye elimination is discussed and analyzed in this paper. This review underlines and displays a preview of these IASs, including natural, industrial, and made-up materiality/wastes and their utilization in removing dyes. Experiments have shown that various inexpensive non-traditional adsorbents lead to effective dye removal. Accordingly, studies dealing with the search for effective and affordable sources from current resources are becoming increasingly crucial for eliminating dye. The excess desire for functional and affordable processing modes and adsorption significance has led to inexpensive alternative sorbents (IASs). The isotherm analysis and adsorption kinetics indicate that Langmuir / Freundlich, besides the pseudo-second-order model, is the most used pattern for convenient empirical adsorption datum. Low-cost by-products from the agricultural, residential, and industrial sectors have been identified as viable wastewater treatment alternatives. They make it possible to remove contaminants from wastewater while also contributing to waste minimization, recovery, and reuse. This review revealed that some IASs, have ratable adsorption capabilities and rapid kinetics, besides having vastly available.

Optical properties containing of bioinspired Ag2O nanoparticles anchored on CA/PES polymer membrane shows an effective adsorbent material

Effective and selective removal of organic dye from water systems is a pressing global challenge for both drinking water and wastewater purification. Removal of dyes from wastewater is a challenging task, the combined use of inorganic nanomaterials and membrane technology to overcome these problems using adsorption. In this paper, optical properties containing of bioinspired Gomutra mediated Ag2O NPs prepared by hydrothermal method and it’s anchored onto CA/PES polymer composite membrane via phase inversion method for enhance the surface of the membrane properties. According to the resulting experiment pristine membrane there is no adsorption ability towards dye molecules but with 0.5 wt.% of Ag2O NPs dosage of membrane showed superior removal efficiency of 88% and 77% at MB dye and textile effluents. The most effective temperature, pH and concentration were found to be 273 K, pH 9 and 1 ×10-5 M. Kinetic studies exhibit the rate of the reaction for MB dye shows R2 = 0.8780 and R2 = 0.9607 for textile effluents which obeys the pseudo first order reaction. Furthermore, when non-treated effluent samples were compared to those treated with prepared membrane all physiochemical parameters such as temperature, pH, BOD, COD, TDS, sulfate, chloride and hardness showed significant decrease in concentration. Therefore, the modified composite material demonstrates that highly efficient and universally applicable for wastewater treatment.

Fabrication of glutathione functionalized self-assembled magnetite nanochains for effective removal of crystal violet and phenol red dye from aqueous matrix.

A novel fabrication of magnetite (Fe3O4) nanochains, surface functionalized with glutathione (GSH), has been attempted through a basic wet reduction method, coalesced with oxidative etching for the removal of crystal violet (CV) and phenol red (PR) from an aqueous solution. The structural and functional characterizations of GSH@Fe3O4 MNPs were performed using SEM-EDX, DLS, XRD, and FTIR. The nanochain-structured adsorbent was found to have an average size of 24 ± 1.29 nm and a zeta potential value of - 6.44 mV. The batch experiments showed that GSH@Fe3O4 MNPs have a brilliant removal efficiency of 97% and 79% for CV and PR dyes, respectively, within a period of 60 min. The influence of different operational parameters like adsorbent dosage, pH, temperature, reaction time, and initial dye concentration on the removal behaviour of the adsorbent was studied in detail. The adsorbate-adsorbent reaction was tested over isotherm models, and the reaction fitted well for Langmuir isotherm with an excellent qmax value of 1619.5 mg/g and 1316.16 mg/g for CV and PR dye, respectively. The experimental results were also validated using different reaction kinetics, and it was found that the pseudo-first-order model fits well for PR dye adsorption (R2 = 0.91), while adsorption of CV dye was in best agreement with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model (R2 = 0.98). Thermodynamic studies revealed that the adsorption reaction was spontaneous and endothermic in nature. Furthermore, GSH@Fe3O4 MNPs can be reused effectively up to 5 cycles of dye removal. Major mechanisms involved in the adsorption reaction were expected to be electrostatic attraction, hydrogen bonding, and π-interactions. The efficiency of GSH@Fe3O4 MNPs in real water samples suggested that it has a high potential for dye removal from complex aqueous systems and could be used as an effective alternative for remediation of dyes contaminated water.

Eco-friendly inorganic-organic bionanocomposite (Copper oxide — Carboxyl methyl cellulose — Guar gum): Preparation and effective removal of dye from aqueous solution

Eco-friendly inorganic-organic bionanocomposite (Copper oxide — Carboxyl methyl cellulose — Guar gum): Preparation and effective removal of dye from aqueous solution

Effective removal of ionic dyes from aqueous media using modified karaya gum–PVA semi-interpenetrating network system

Effective removal of ionic dyes from aqueous media using modified karaya gum–PVA semi-interpenetrating network system

Synthesis of Activated Carbon from Trachycarpus fortunei Seeds for the Removal of Cationic and Anionic Dyes.

The removal of dyes from industrial effluents is one of the most important industrial processes that is currently on academic demand. In this project, for the first time, Trachycarpus fortunei seeds are used as biosources for the synthesis of activated carbon (AC) using physical as well as acid–base chemical methods. The synthesized AC was initially characterized by different instrumental techniques, such as FTIR, BET isotherm, SEM, EDX and XRD. Then, the prepared activated carbon was used as an economical adsorbent for the removal of xylenol orange and thymol blue from an aqueous solution. Furthermore, the effect of different parameters, i.e., concentration of dye, contact time, pH, adsorbent amount, temperature, adsorbent size and agitation speed, were investigated in batch experiments at room temperature. The analysis of different techniques concluded that the pyrolysis method created a significant change in the chemical composition of the prepared AC and the acid-treated AC offered a high carbon/oxygen composite, which is graphitic in nature. The removal of both dyes (xylenol orange and thymol blue) was increased with the increase in the dye’s initial concentration. Isothermal data suggested that the adsorption of both dyes follows the Langmuir model compared to the Freundlich model. The equilibrium time for AC biomass to achieve the removal of xylenol orange and thymol blue dyes was determined to be 60 min, and the kinetic data suggested that the adsorption of both dyes obeyed the pseudo-second order model. The optimal pH for thymol blue adsorption was pH 6, while it was pH 2 for xylenol orange. The adsorption of both dyes increased with the increase in the temperature. The influence of the adsorbent amount indicated that the adsorption capacity (mg/g) of both dyes reduced with the rise in the adsorbent amount. Thus, the current study suggests that AC prepared by an acid treatment from Trachycarpus fortunei seeds is a good, alternative, cost effective, and eco-friendly adsorbent for the effective removal of dyes from polluted water.

Effective adsorptive removal of dyes and heavy metal using graphene oxide based Pre-treated with NaOH / H2SO4 rubber seed shells synthetic graphite Precursor: Equilibrium Isotherm, kinetics and thermodynamic studies

Graphene oxide (GO) has excellent adsorption capacity as a promising adsorbent due to its large surface area consisting of large number of oxygen-functional groups. Nonetheless, the properties of GO are heavily influenced by the graphite sources and the type of pretreatment. This study aims to investigate the effect of pre-treatment of graphite sourced from agricultural wastes on the properties of the GO for the adsorption of dyes and heavy metal ion. Two sources of graphite (pre-treated with NaOH and H2SO4) were synthesised using biomass wastes (rubber seed shells) and were utlilized to produce high-efficiency GO for the adsorption of Methylene blue (MB), Congo red (CR) and Cadmium (II) from aqueous solutions. The effect of pre-treatment on the GO properties, behavior and performance was evaluated through batch adsorption studies which were conducted under operational condition of activation temperature (25–55 ○C), contact time (2–20 min), dosage (0.02–0.1 g), pH (2–12) using impregnation ratio of 1:4. The morphological analysis revealed that GO pretreated with NaOH (GO-N) graphite source exhibited more porous surface area compared to GO pretreated with H2SO4 (GO-H) graphite source, the surface properties was attributed to higher oxygen ratio as indicated in the EDX mapping and as demonstrated in the BET analysis. In general, both GO demonstrated excellent adsorption capacity due to their single-layered planes with noticeable functional groups which included hydroxyl, alkoxy, and carboxyl groups along with the π − π interactions and hydrogen bonds. Maximum monolayer adsorption capacities for the effective removal of CR, MB and Cd (II) was achieved as 299.38, 311.54, and 107.65 mg g−1 respectively onto GO-N compared to GO-H as illustrated by the Langmuir isotherms. Furthermore, the results showed that the experimental data were well-fitted to the pseudo-second-order model for both CR and MB including Cd (II) with GO-N with higher correlation coeficient R2 (R2 > 0.9) recorded. Thermodynamic study signified that the enthalpy (ΔH) and Gibbs free energy (ΔG) values of the adsorption process for both pollutants were negative indicating that adsorption of CR, MB and Cd were spontaneous and exothermic in nature which suggests that the adsorption of dyes and heavy metal from an aqueous solution was attributed to the presence of active sites and functional groups on the GO surface. However, the study revealed that GO–N proved to be a better adsorbent compared to GO-H under same operational condition and can be considered as a promising and cost-effective adsorbent for the removal of dyes and metal ions from industrial wastewater.

Anthraquinone acted as a catalyst for the removal of triphenylmethane dye containing tertiary amino group: Characteristics and mechanism

Herein, we found that anthraquinone (AQ) acted as a catalyst for the rapid and effective removal of triphenylmethane dye containing tertiary amino group (TDAG). Results showed that AQ had an enhanced catalytic reactivity towards the removal of TDAG compared to hydro-quinone, which was further proved and explained using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. AQs could achieve a TDAG removal efficiency and rate of approximately 100% and 0.3583 min−1, respectively, within 20 min. Quenching experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) tests indicated that the superoxide radical (O2•−) generated through the catalytic reduction of an oxygen molecule (O2) by AQ contributed to the effective removal of the TDAG. In addition, it was found that the electrophilic attack of the O2•− radical on the TDAG was the driving force for the dye degradation process. Decreasing the pH led to protonation of the substituted group of AG, which resulted in formation of an electron deficient center in the TDAG molecule (TDAG-EDC+) through delocalization of the π electron. Therefore, the possibility of the electrophilic attack for the dye by the negative O2•- radical was significantly enhanced. This study revealed that the H+ and the O2•− generated by the catalytic reduction of O2 have synergistic effects that led to a significant increase in the dye removal rate and efficiency, which were higher than those obtained through persulfate oxidation.

A review on experimental chemically modified activated carbon to enhance dye and heavy metals adsorption

Effective and low-cost removal of dye and heavy metals from wastewater still is a great challenge for researchers. Adsorption using activated carbon is widely used in removing these toxic pollutants. Physical, chemical, and biological modifications have been studied for improving activated carbon adsorption performance. Literature suggests that chemical modified activated carbon showed maximum adsorption capacity towards dye and heavy from aqueous solution. Chemical modifications, including acid, base, and impregnation, are studied extensively due to reagent availability, easy modification, and tuning facilities of surface functional groups. However, systematic documentation of chemical modifications on activated carbon is required for dye and heavy metals removal efficiency improvement from wastewater. This review focused on the up to date experimental chemically modified activated carbon that showed improved adsorption capacity towards dye and heavy metals from aqueous solution. The available experimental data recommends that an appropriate treatment strategy of a chemical modification process enhanced dye and heavy metals adsorption capacity of the modified activated carbon. Optimum modification process developed textural or surface functional groups properties of modified activated carbon that improved adsorption or binding capacity toward adsorbate or a particular species. In addition, the adsorption capacity of modified and corresponding activated carbon is compared. • Experimental works of dye and heavy metals adsorption are summarized. • Changed of physiochemical properties of AC after chemical modification are mentioned. • Optimized treatment parameters of chemical modification are focused. • Compared adsorption performance between modified and corresponding AC adsorbents. • Systematic documentation help in tailoring surface functional groups of modified AC.

Magnetite-based Biochar Coupled with Binary Oxidants for the Effective Removal of Mixed Dye from Wastewater

Magnetite-based Biochar Coupled with Binary Oxidants for the Effective Removal of Mixed Dye from Wastewater

Effective and fast removal of crystal violet dye from aqueous solutions using Rumex acetosella: isotherm, kinetic, thermodynamic studies, and statistical analysis

Effective and fast removal of crystal violet dye from aqueous solutions using Rumex acetosella: isotherm, kinetic, thermodynamic studies, and statistical analysis

Wet-chemical synthesis of nanostructured Ce-doped mixed metal ferrites for the effective removal of azo dyes from industrial discharges

Today, photocatalysis is the most cost-effective and ecologically beneficial technique for tackling the growing problem of water pollution caused by rapid industrialization. The fabrication of a new photocatalyst with quicker charge transport, superior charge separation, narrow bandgap energy, reduced electron-hole pair recombination rate, and good light-harvesting characteristics is a major challenge for materials researchers. So herein, we used the microemulsion method to synthesize Ce-doped (rare-earth metal) cobalt/nickel mixed metal ferrite (C-X@CNMF, X = 0%, 3%, 6%, 9%, 12%, and 15%). Application studies revealed that C-9@CNMF material mineralizes the Congo red (CR) dye to a greater extent than that of C-0@CNMF under visible light irradiation. At the completion of the photodegradation reaction, nanostructured C-9@CNMF material completely mineralized CR-dye, whereas only 45.11%, 49.6%, and 73.3% of the CR-dye was removed by C-0@CNMF, C-3@CNMF, and C-15@CNMF nanoparticles. The kinetic tests showed that C-9@CNMF material mineralized the CR-dye at a rate (k = 0.0336 min−1) that is approximately 6.72 times quicker than that of the C-0@CNMF sample (0.0050 min−1). Aside from that, the C-9@CNMF material showed exceptional recyclability and photo-corrosion resistance, losing just 7.5% of its photocatalytic activity after five cycles of CR-dye degradation. The dominating photocatalytic performance of the C-9@CNMF sample is mainly attributed to its nanoarchitecture (44.8 nm), larger specific surface area (57.6 m2/g), tunable bandgap (2.13 eV), and effective charge separation characteristics.

Rapid photocatalytic degradation of dye and energy production through ternary BiVO4/Ag/NiFe2O4 nanocomposites under visible light irradiation

In this research work Z-scheme based photocatalyst BiVO4/Ag/NiFe2O4 was prepared through the facile hydrothermal method. The morphology, structural and optical properties of the synthesized photocatalysts were investigated by SEM, XRD, PL emission and UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy. The experimental results showed that the ternary BiVO4/Ag/NiFe2O4 composites have a monoclinic structure, average crystallite size 40 nm, rod shape nanostructures, lowest recombination rate and absorption region is in the range of 700 nm. The effectiveness of the photocatalyst was further analyzed by the effective and rapid removal of azo dye, phenol and hydrogen evolution. The BiVO4/Ag/NiFe2O4 nanocomposite degraded 100% azo dye and phenol in only 30 min and 35 min respectively. The prepared composite BiVO4/Ag/NiFe2O4 yield hydrogen energy 452 μmolh−1 g−1. This composite exhibited excellent stability over the third cycle and degraded azo dye 98% in 30 min. The excellent efficiency of BiVO4/Ag/NiFe2O4 was due to the high crystallinity, small recombination rate and large absorption region. This study offers a potential route for the exploration of the photocatalytic performance of BiVO4/Ag/NiFe2O4 nanoparticles under visible light irradiation.

Ultrasonic-Assisted Hydrothermal Synthesis of Nap Zeolite and Doping with Cu or Fe for Effective Removal of Organic Dyes in Fenton-Like Oxidation Systems

Ultrasonic-Assisted Hydrothermal Synthesis of Nap Zeolite and Doping with Cu or Fe for Effective Removal of Organic Dyes in Fenton-Like Oxidation Systems

Effective adsorption and removal of industrial dye from aqueous solution using mesoporous zinc oxide nanoparticles via metal organic frame work: equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamic studies

Effective adsorption and removal of industrial dye from aqueous solution using mesoporous zinc oxide nanoparticles via metal organic frame work: equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamic studies

Citrus sinensis cellulose fibres incorporated with SPIONs for effective removal of crystal violet dye

Water pollution is one of the most threatening problem globally as the freshwater reserves were contaminated with dye and other toxic effluents released from the industries. This study utilizes nanoparticles along with the waste substance to enhance the removal efficiency of crystal violet dye. Peels of orange are generally discarded and considered to be waste, where it is rich of fibers and has got potential applications. Thus, in this study Citrus sinensis peels were collected, dried, powdered and characterized using various analytical techniques like Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction Spectroscopy (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope and Energy Dispersive X- Ray analysis (SEM- EDX). Peels were utilized for the extraction of cellulose fiber which was further characterized using FTIR, XRD, SEM-EDX and coated with Super Paramagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (SPIONs) and characterized using FTIR, XRD, SEM-EDX and Zeta potential . Peels, extracted cellulose fiber and cellulose fiber coated SPIONs were used in batch adsorption study for the removal of crystal violet dye. Cellulose fiber was found to remove crystal violet effectively and adsorption parameters like adsorbate-adsorbent concentration, pH and contact time were optimized and it was found to obey Langmuir isotherm. • Extraction of cellulose fibre from Citrus sinensis peels and characterized. • Synthesis of SPIONs, coating of SPIONs with cellulose fibres and characterized. • Peels, fibre and SPIONs coated fibre were used in batch adsorption study for crystal violet removal. • Cellulose fibre removed crystal violet efficiently and the it followed Langmuir isotherm (r 2 = 0.91).