Effective Policy Implementation Research Articles

Topical dynamics of terrorism from a global perspective and a call for action on global risk

Research on terrorism is a sensitive and critical aspect globally from a security perspective that calls for an action policy. Since 9/11, terrorism has been considered a high risk or a disaster for global governance without geographical exceptions. Its association with political and economic and the severity of causalities it causes leaves a worrisome and long-lasting impact on global cohesion and peacefulness, just like a natural disaster would. This study unveils the political and policy measures, public expenditures, and likely external intervention determinants and their association with terrorism in the panel data of 151 countries from 2012 to 2022. The statistics of SGMM say that political stability is the most impactful and significant factor in reducing terrorism globally. External intervention from political agencies and economic forces is the second-most influential factor in mitigating terrorism incidents. The study further observes that the effectiveness of counter-terrorism measures and policy implementation has proven less impactful in mitigating terrorism. The innovative findings of this study state that government expenditures toward basic facilities are impactful in deterring terrorism but do not have a significant role in global analysis. The study recommends that the EU and America should collaborate and work on Asian and African regional security, rather than invade state security and sovereignty as part of their collective measures of counter-terrorism. A collaborative effort helps eradicate external evil forces or groups and sustain the state and global peace.

The synergistic impact of incentive and regulatory environmental policies on firms’ environmental performance

The imperative to enhance corporate environmental performance is not only pivotal for a company’s growth but also crucial for fulfilling societal responsibilities and protecting global environmental interests. Recognizing the inadequacies of standalone environmental policies, our study delves into the synergistic effects of incentive-based and regulatory approaches on the environmental performance of listed firms in China. We meticulously examine the interplay between environmental punishment and subsidies over the period of 2015–2019. Our analysis reveals that a strategic combination of punishment and subsidies can substantially improve firms' environmental performance. This effect intensifies with the increasing amounts of fines and subsidies. Additionally, we explore the dynamic effects of policy implementation. Our results indicate that subsidies implemented either a year before or after the imposition of punishment might diminish the effectiveness of standalone environmental penalty policies. Furthermore, our findings suggest that diverse regulatory policies enhance firm environmental performance by promoting investments in environmental protection and fostering green innovation. This discovery highlights the need for a nuanced understanding of policy mixes and their implications for corporate environmental strategies.

Attributes Influencing Willingness to Pay for Overweight and Obesity Interventions in Adults: A Systematic Literature Review.

This review aims to identify the associated attributes of willingness to pay (WTP) for overweight and obesity interventions.A narrative review was conducted by partially adopting the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline.A non-exhaustive search using a pre-defined strategy and keywords was done on three selected literature databases: Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science. The inclusion criteria for the review were original studies written in English, published between 2000 and 2022, and focused on WTP for overweight and obesity interventions in adults. The extracted studies were manually screened for their eligibility through three cascading tiers: the title, the abstract, and the full article. Only nine original studies were eligible for review based on the screening procedure of 40 screened articles. There was heterogeneity in the study designs, methods, target populations, study duration, and perspectives across the studies. The majority of the studies showed that higher WTP was associated with younger age, having higher income, being female, having higher body mass index (BMI), having the perception of being overweight, habits, and attitudes. WTP is also attributed to the associated percentage of weight loss, long-term health risk reduction, time to noticeable weight loss, delivery mode, side effects, lifestyle modification, and costs of interventions.The identification of common attributes of the WTP for overweight and obesity intervention can assist in the formulation and implementation of effective evidence-based policies. Specific sub-groups with low WTP could be targeted via unique initiatives to improve their participation in weight-loss interventions.

건강도시 기본 조례 제정 및 운영이 성인의 건강 생활실천에 미친 영향

The World Health Organization’s “Healthy Cities” initiative seeks to enhance community well-being by improving urban environments and promoting healthy lifestyles such as smoking cessation, moderate alcohol consumption, and increased physical activity. These efforts aim to reduce chronic diseases and manage obesity. However, the effectiveness of these initiatives often lacks quantitative evaluation, especially regarding the impact on the health lifestyle practices of adults in the community. This study evaluates the impact of the Healthy City Ordinance on local adult health behaviors in 214 Korean municipalities by analyzing data on smoking cessation, alcohol consumption, and walking practice from 2008 to 2020, using ecological analysis. This study assesses the impact of Korea’s Healthy Cities Basic Ordinance on adult healthy lifestyle practices using ecological analyses from 2008 to 2022, finding a significant reduction in smoking and high-risk drinking rates, but no significant change in walking rates, suggesting that while the ordinance positively influences some health behaviors, its effects are not uniformly distributed across all health behavior areas. This study highlights the importance of healthy city ordinances in public health by providing evidence that supports the development of sustainable health promotion strategies, emphasizing the role of ordinances in policy-making, and offering insights that aid in the effective design and implementation of health policies, potentially guiding future research and strategic approaches in the field.

РОЛЬ І МІСЦЕ ДІЗНАВАЧА У ЗАГАЛЬНОСОЦІАЛЬНОМУ ЗАПОБІГАННІ КРИМІНАЛЬНИМ ПРАВОПОРУШЕННЯМ

The article defines the role and place of the inquirer in the general social prevention of criminal offenses. It has been proven that the general social directions of preventing criminal offenses by the inquirer consist in the implementation by the official of the inquiry unit of the activity defined at the regulatory and legal level, which, with the use of procedural and non-procedural measures of influence, is aimed at increasing the level of effectiveness of the implementation of criminological security measures by identifying, neutralizing, blocking, eliminating causes and conditions of illegal activity, carrying out an educational influence on the offender with the further creation of prerequisites for the implementation of special criminological and individual preventive measures. The system-forming features that make up the content of this concept include the following: 1) it is the activity of inquirers, which is defined at the regulatory and legal level; 2) this activity is aimed at neutralizing, blocking, eliminating, etc. determinants that contribute to the commission of criminal offenses; 3) general social prevention of criminal offenses carried out by inquiry bodies, aimed, among other things, at increasing the level of effectiveness of state social policy implementation. Within the framework of general social directions of prevention, with the aim of consolidating the preventive function in the criminal process, part 1 of Art. 91 of the Criminal and Procedural Code of Ukraine should be supplemented with the following clause: «8) reasons and conditions that contributed to the commission of criminal offenses», as well as new articles: Art. 92-1 «Circumstances to be established when proving the causes of a criminal offense», Art. 92-2 «Submission of the inquirer, investigator, prosecutor in criminal proceedings». Key words: inquiry, inquirer, criminal offense, criminological security, determinants (causes and conditions), prevention, general social level.

Anthropologies of health policy

In this introduction to our special issue, we take a wide view of the history and epistemic stakes of anthropological and ethnographic approaches to health policy. Drawing on the history of critical medical anthropology, the anthropology of policy, and critical policy studies, we show how anthropologies of health policy are particularly essential in this current moment, as policy production becomes increasingly abstracted and even more entwined with specific forms of evidence making. Taken together, the contributors of this special issue argue that anthropology’s interventions into health policy are essential in three ways. First, they shed light on the practices of policy ‘communities’, the pragmatic parameters under which they work, and the central logics under which health policy actors are operating. Second, they examine the effects of policy implementation upon those intended to be the subjects of health policy, highlighting the effects of policy for those marginalised by gender, race, and caste. Here, anthropology provides a view into the ‘lived experience’ of those targeted by health policy, but it also demands that anthropologists provide ‘counter-stories’ and ‘counter-evidences’ that dismantle narrow systems of policy knowledge production. Finally, anthropological attention provides an essential lens into the things that carry over in the act of policy reform—the past reverberations and imperial inheritances. Together with our contributors, we call for anthropologies of health policy that work to highlight and dismantle such inheritances.

An Analysis of Thailand’s Social Policies and its Integration with SDG1 “No Poverty” to Achieve Social Inclusion

From a historical standpoint, this study examines the concept of poverty in Thailand. The researcher employed the content analysis of eleven effective articles for the study. Thailand’s employability, economy, and poverty have improved during the last three decades because of the introduction of democratic and social security. Innovative poverty-eradication programmes such as conditional cash transfers and noncontributory pensions for the elderly and poor have been included in social protection measures. The social protection system has reduced poverty and begun the process of social inclusion. Thailand’s social policies have not only decreased poverty and fostered social inclusion but also entailed Sustainable Development Goal 1 of poverty eradication in the global scenario. The current study details these achievements, and it appears that Thailand has increased its efforts towards inclusive development and poverty eradication through effective social policy design and implementation.

Implementation Of Policies To Manage The Impact Of Biological Agency Hazards On National Defense

At the outset of 2020, the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) outbreak originated in Wuhan, China, rapidly escalating into a global pandemic, reaching Indonesia. The ensuing confusion and panic prompted the Ministry of Defense to enact Policy Number 15 of 2015, addressing the mitigation of dangerous biological agent impacts on national defense. Employing a descriptive qualitative approach, this research examines factors influencing the implementation of this policy. The theoretical framework by MS Grindle, encompassing Policy Content and Policy Context Aspects, serves as a basis for analysis. Findings reveal suboptimal factors affecting policy implementation. Recommendations for improvement span both aspects. Regarding Policy Content, the study advocates for enhanced synchronization and coordination among pertinent Ministries/Government Agencies. It proposes the establishment of a National Coordinating Agency for Disease Outbreak Management (BNPWP) to spearhead prevention efforts. Additionally, the creation of guidelines for outbreak prevention and control due to biological threats is suggested. In terms of Policy Context, the research underscores the need for consistency with regulations and recommends prioritized strategies for effective threat prevention programs. Collaborative agreements through Memoranda of Understanding (MoUs) with relevant agencies are also encouraged. Stakeholders, including leaders from Ministries, TNI, Polri, and Regional Leaders, should actively participate in policymaking to avert confusion and overlaps. In conclusion, optimizing policies necessitates improved coordination, the establishment of a dedicated coordinating agency, and the development of comprehensive guidelines. Consistency with regulations, strategic prioritization, and stakeholder involvement are imperative for the effective implementation of policies safeguarding national defense against biological threats.

Impact of Social Movements on Renewable Energy Policy in Indonesia: Study of Solar Power Plants

Anthropogenic-induced warming has altered the climate of the Earth, causing significant impacts on urban areas such as compromised water supplies and detrimental health effects. This paper employs a case study approach to analyse the causal relationship between energy consumption and social activities. Such an approach is well-suited to unraveling complex cause-and-effect relationships or pathways. System mapping is a method used in case study research to analyse cause-and-effect relationships in complex systems, such as energy systems. The primary literature was searched utilising the reverse snowball technique, with a focus on renewable energy, particularly solar power. Its importance is highlighted in global efforts to reduce dependence on fossil fuels and mitigate the effects of climate change. Indonesia has extensive solar potential and is preparing to utilise solar energy as a clean power source. Nonetheless, effective policy implementation necessitates more than governmental intention; active participation from social movements is required. Two prominent movements - the Solar Electricity Initiative Movement and the Million Solar Roof National Movement - are significant driving forces in this pursuit. The Role of Social Movements in Environmental Policy Transition to Renewable Energy Sources. Social Movements are instrumental in promoting renewable energy policies through public awareness campaigns, advocacy, and concrete actions. They are essential in accelerating policy changes and facilitating a transition towards clean energy. In light of the challenges posed by climate change, the hard work of social movements has become increasingly significant in achieving Indonesia's goal of becoming a sustainable country that does not rely on fossil fuels.

Talent management of library and information science professionals: A review of research and future directions

Background This study aims to review the extant literature on talent management with the objective of influencing library and information management by addressing the key facets of talent management, such as talent management strategies, importance of career development, evaluation of talented employees, and organizational resilience. Methodology Literature on the development of talent and career management was retrieved from various scholarly papers indexed in Scopus and Web of Science to have a meticulous literature review serving as the platform of the present study. In light of the authors’ observations, two models were developed. The extant literature provides precise information that talent management plays a decisive role in promoting organizational excellence invariably in all kinds of organizations in general and libraries in particular. Results This study provides constructive recommendations for the implementation of effective talent management and retention policies for library and information professionals. Moreover, this study adds immense value to the corpus of existing literature to set a platform for the augmentation of library management in futuristic vision. Conclusion This study provides constructive recommendations to policy makers and library administrators to foster talented employees for excelling library and information services for the next several decades.

State interests or local interests? An investigation of Chinese prefectural-level cities’ behaviour in response to national policy implementation

Through a study of the behaviour of already debt-ridden local governments in response to the Made in China 2025 policy, this paper explores whether local governments prioritized State interests over local interests, when their financial involvement was required. Deploying a panel data analysis for more than 280 prefectural-level cities, this paper finds that, despite having been subject to an “Administrative Subcontract” arrangement under which the Central Government appoints top local officials, local economic/debt interests were prioritized over national policy implementation under fiscal decentralization. Instead of promoting infrastructure development, the Made in China 2025 policy provided an opportunity for local governments to raise capital via Local Government Financing Vehicles (LGFV) primarily for debt refinancing, despite the State's numerous attempts to control the growth of local government/LGFV debt. Some policy implications concerning i) the effectiveness of national policy implementation on local levels under “Administrative Subcontract” and ii) the debt situations of prefectural-level Chinese cities and their effects on China's economy in general are then discussed.

Monitoring and Evaluation Practices: Implication to Education Policy Implementation in Gambella Region, Ethiopia

The purpose of the study was to examine the practice of monitoring and evaluation in promoting effective policy implementation in the education sector of the Gambella Regional Sate. It also attempted to identify key challenges facing the current monitoring and evaluation system, and suggests ways to enhance the monitoring and evaluation system in education policy implementation in the region. Case study design was used to conduct the study. Primary data were collected through interview guides that targeted the bureau leader and experts in the Gambella region education bureau. Secondary data were collected through desk reviews. The results showed that the required monitoring, and evaluation framework, for effective monitoring, and evaluation are not in place. It was also found that the Gambella region education bureau has not fully established a system that can enhance a successful monitoring and evaluation system in the education sector of the region. The current staffs do not have adequate knowledge and skills, there is no proper monitoring, and evaluation coordination among stakeholders, and the bureau does not allocate adequate funds required for monitoring and evaluation activities. To undertake monitoring and evaluation, the Gambella bureau of education there needs a greater understanding of the value of monitoring and evaluation and there is a requirement for the bureau of education and the stakeholders to develop proper a legislative framework that considers the key performance indicator stetted in the education sector development program six for the effective implementation of monitoring and evaluation in the education sector for effective decision-making.

Examining community policing policy implementation and racial disparities in officer-involved lethal encounters

PurposeThe goal of this study is to examine how community policing policies (CPP) can be effective in addressing racial disparities in police killings in the United States.Design/methodology/approachThe study utilized multi-level mixed modeling techniques.FindingsThe study finds that CPP training for in-service officers is effective when the police chief is black, in contrast to the presence of written CPP statements and CPP training for newly recruited officers. This article concludes that the effectiveness of policy implementation is dependent upon policing leaders who manage policy implementation.Research limitations/implicationsThis research is limited in that it only includes data from people who were killed by police. In addition, it was extremely difficult to collect data on the race of the officer. Hence, it reduced the number of viable cases that we could include in the analysis.Practical implicationsThe most significant practical limitation to our research is the ability to generalize to police departments within a city and between cities. In some cases, police killings were confined to one or two areas in a city.Social implicationsDisproportionality in police killings is important in every country where certain groups are overrepresented in the number of police killings. This is particularly true today, where we see groups like Black Lives Matter highlighting higher levels of lethal force in minority neighborhoods.Originality/valueUsing representative bureaucracy theory, this research shows leaders select and emphasize specific goals among a set of organizational goals, seek to build trust rather than fight crimes and support goals to improve policy outcomes, which fills a theoretical gap in the theory.

The Effect of Policy Implementation, Leadership, Financial Institutions, Community Participation in Mining Management on Community Welfare in Education

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of policy implementation, leadership, financial institutions, community participation in mining management, on community welfare in education. This research was conducted in the Bangka Belitung Islands Province as a case study. The research design used was descriptive analytic design followed by sampling using the Stratified Random Sampling technique with a total of 452 respondents and data analysis with simple and multiple linear regression. In addition, classic assumption tests are also performed which include normality test, multicollinearity test, autocorrelation test and heteroscedasticity test. The results of the analysis show that in the case of Bangka Belitung Islands Province, (1) the implementation of the policy had a significant effect on the welfare of the field of society; (2) Leadership has a significant effect on community welfare in education; (3) Financial Institutions have a significant effect on community welfare in education; (4) Community participation has a significant effect on community welfare in education; (5) The implementation of policies, leadership, financial institutions and community participation together have a significant effect on the welfare of the community in the field of education.

Curbing Elite Capture or Enhancing Resources: Recentralizing Local Environmental Enforcement in China

Abstract Decentralization is believed to ensure better environmental governance. However, recent studies have shown that some governments recentralize local enforcement to increase the effectiveness of policy implementation. Under what conditions is recentralization the better option for environmental enforcement? This study attempts to differentiate two possible mechanisms through which recentralization can deliver better environmental outcomes: curbing elite capture and enhancing local resources. In the context of recentralization reform and with a unique dataset of local investigations into China's environmental enforcement, we demonstrate that although decentralization has been successful from many perspectives, recentralizing local environmental enforcement can produce better outcomes for pollution reduction in China, by curbing local protectionism rather than enhancing local resources. Further qualitative analysis reveals why recentralization cannot necessarily enhance local resources and capacity, even though it is designed to do so.

Effectiveness and Determinants of Implementing the "Xinjiang Model" for Tuberculosis Prevention and Control: A Quantitative Study.

To analyze the effectiveness of the "Xinjiang Model" for tuberculosis prevention and control in Kashgar Prefecture, Xinjiang, and to explore the determinants of the policy implementation effect. The registration data of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients in Kashgar Prefecture from 2012 to 2021 were collected to describe the temporal trend of registered incidence. A questionnaire survey was conducted among PTB patients registered and treated in the tuberculosis management information system in Zepu and Shache Counties from January 2022 to July 2023 to collect and analyze "Xinjiang model" determinants of effectiveness. The PTB registered incidence in Kashgar Prefecture showed a significant increasing trend from 2012 to 2018 (APC=18.7%) and a significant decreasing trend from 2018-2021 (APC=-28.8%). Among the Kashgar Prefecture, compared with average registered incidence in 2012-2017, registered incidence in 2021 in Shufu, Maigaiti, and Zepu Counties had a greater decline rate of 58.68%, 57.16%, and 54.02%, respectively, while the registered incidence in 2021 in Shache County increased by 6.32%. According to the comprehensive analysis of the factors affecting the effect of policy implementation, the proportion of PTB patients in Zepu County whose health status has now significantly improved compared with that before treatment was significantly greater than that in Shache County (P<0.05); patients in Shache County were significantly less aware than those in Zepu County of how to take tuberculosis drugs, precautions, adverse reactions, and regular reviews during treatment; the factors that accounted for the greater proportion of heavy treatment burden in both Shache and Zepu Counties were discomfort caused by taking or injecting drugs, accounting for 12.8% and 8.7%, respectively. The "Xinjiang model" can effectively control the epidemic situation of tuberculosis in Kashgar, and the knowledge of tuberculosis treatment, adverse reactions to tuberculosis drugs, and treatment costs were the determinants of the effectiveness of policy implementation.

Challenges Faced by the Department of Social Welfare in Empowering People with Disabilities (PWD): A Qualitative Study

Empowering people with disabilities and mainstreaming their needs into the national agenda should increase their development opportunities, improve development outcomes, and enhance their quality of life. However, people with disabilities face numerous barriers that impede their full participation in the social, economic, and cultural aspects of life. The Department of Social Welfare plays an essential role in improving the well-being of people with disabilities and makes significant efforts to empower them and combat exclusion. Therefore, this study focuses on examining the role of the social welfare office in empowering people with disabilities. The study aims to identify key factors that facilitate or hinder the empowerment process within the department for persons with disabilities. In this qualitative research, data was collected through focus group discussions with officials from the Department of Social Welfare in Putrajaya. Two main themes emerged from the analysis, namely the strength and support system and the limitations faced by the Department of Social Welfare. The findings emphasize that monitoring progress and offering opportunities for people with disabilities can contribute to their empowerment. Collaboration between the Department of Social Welfare, other government agencies, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and other parties is critical in promoting positive social change. By leveraging their respective strengths, resources, and expertise, they can create innovative solutions, implement effective policies, and significantly impact society.

DEFINITION AND STRUCTURE OF THE ECONOMIC CATEGORY «CLIMATE FINANCE»

Climate finance is a crucial element in addressing global warming and climate change. The study highlights the importance of defining climate finance to ensure effective monitoring and implementation of international climate agreements. The study aims to explore the essence and content of climate finance, analyze existing approaches to its definition, and propose a definition of the term «climate finance» as an economic category. An analytical method was employed to examine scientific publications, reports from international organizations, and other sources of information. A systematic approach was used to classify and analyze various aspects of climate finance. The study employs a comprehensive review of existing literature, international agreements, and organizational reports to analyze the various definitions and components of climate finance. The analysis reveals that there is no single, universally accepted definition of climate finance. Different international organizations and researchers offer varying definitions, which can lead to misunderstandings and inconsistencies in monitoring and implementing climate-related financial flows. The proposed definition aims to bridge these gaps by providing a broad yet precise conceptual framework for climate finance. The study highlights the need for continuous collaboration between international organizations and the scientific community to refine and update the definition of climate finance as new technologies and approaches emerge. The author concludes that a clear and comprehensive definition of climate finance is essential for the effective implementation of climate policies and agreements. The proposed definition provides a foundation for further research and development in this field, ensuring that climate finance contributes to sustainable development and the mitigation of climate change impacts

Study on the policy implementation effect of serious Illness medical insurance in the ethnic minority autonomous area of Western China

Study on the policy implementation effect of serious Illness medical insurance in the ethnic minority autonomous area of Western China

Implementation Of Food Security Policy In DKI Jakarta Province (A Case Study Of PT. Food Station Tjipinang Jaya)

Food security is a strategic issue for densely populated areas like the Province of DKI Jakarta, which has limited agricultural land. This research aims to analyze the implementation of food security policies in DKI Jakarta, focusing on a case study of PT Food Station Tjipinang Jaya (FSJT) as the policy implementer. The study employs a qualitative approach using literature review methods, with data collected from various written sources such as regional regulations, official reports, scientific publications, and related websites. Through content analysis and data source triangulation, this research identifies FSJT's success in maintaining food availability, improving food access, strengthening the distribution system, and supporting local farmers. However, the implementation of the policy also faces challenges such as land limitations, food price fluctuations, changing dietary patterns, and program sustainability. Supporting data shows FSJT's contribution to the reduction of the poverty rate in DKI Jakarta from 11.5% (2021) to 10.56% (2022), as well as the distribution of 1.2 million tons of rice in 2022. Surveys also noted that 82% of the public were satisfied with FSJT's performance in maintaining food availability. To enhance food security in the future, recommendations include the development of vertical farming, strengthening community food resilience, nutritional education campaigns, and diversification of food sources. Ongoing efforts through these measures are essential to ensure the effective implementation of food security policies and the sustainability of development in the Province of DKI Jakarta.