Effective Disaster Management System Research Articles

Navigating Flood Resilience: Challenges, Solutions, and Lessons Learnt from the Dominican Republic

Recent unprecedented events worldwide, such as floods in Dubai, recurring heavy rainfall in Santo Domingo, and abrupt temperature changes in the United Kingdom (UK), underscore the tangible impacts of climate change. In response to escalating threats from natural disasters, global communities prioritise resilience and effective disaster management systems. This paper addresses best practices for managing abnormal floods, laying the foundation for the next generation of preparedness and mitigation plans. Focusing on flood risk in Santo Domingo, the study employs the Community Disaster Resilience Framework, conducting a workshop with over 100 stakeholders from government, private, and academic sectors. The assessment spans physical, economic, environmental, and social aspects, revealing common challenges in infrastructure upkeep, public awareness, urban planning, drainage, and economic disparities. The paper proposes technological solutions like predictive maintenance and smart drainage systems, emphasising the potential for implementation. Recognising the importance of community involvement and preparedness, insights from the United Kingdom guide initial steps in strategy development. The conclusions advocate for collaborative efforts among government, academia, and society to navigate the complexities of disaster management and community resilience, ultimately proposing a framework to address these challenges. Further research is suggested in expanding online platforms for disaster risk reduction education in the Caribbean region.

Balık Kılçığı Yöntemi ile Sürdürülebilir Afet Yönetiminin İncelenmesi; Hatay İli Örneği

Disasters cause great losses to people and the environment around the world. It’s possible to prevent or reduce these losses with disaster management. An effective disaster management system should be implemented in order to reduce all these damages of disasters. It is especially important that this disaster management is sustainable. The earthquakes that took place in Türkiye on February 6 reminded us once again the importance of disaster management. In this study, the stages of disaster management are mentioned. It’s explained how sustainable disaster management can be. Hatay province was chosen as the study area. The fishbone method was used as the method. After the earthquakes, the current situation in Hatay province was determined and the current situation was analyzed with the fishbone method to provide sustainable disaster management. Thanks to the fishbone method, what can be done for sustainable disaster management in Hatay was discussed and suggestions were presented.

Skyward bound: Empowering disaster resilience with multi-UAV-assisted B5G networks for enhanced connectivity and energy efficiency

It is not uncommon that cellular communication infrastructures will likely be in a failure state when disaster strikes, e.g., floods, earthquakes, and forest fires. Therefore, developing an effective disaster management system is paramount to facing these critical circumstances. As a solution, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) can be deployed as temporary aerial base stations to assist beyond fifth-generation (B5G) networks during and after the disaster. UAVs are increasingly used to aid the search and rescue (SAR) teams in multiple disaster management operations to improve disaster response effectiveness. However, maintaining connectivity and improving energy efficiency are indispensable to ensure continuous communication between the UAVs and SAR and prolong the network’s lifetime. This paper proposes a multi-UAV and SAR device-to-device communication model to maintain connectivity and enhance energy efficiency in multiple disaster scenarios. A clustering approach for UAV placement is utilized to improve energy efficiency, network connectivity, and coverage. We evaluate the performance of the proposed model in terms of the average capacity, energy efficiency, coverage probability and outage probability. The simulation results demonstrate an improved performance of multi-UAV and SAR collaborations and their appropriateness to support efficient and reliable disaster recovery in hard-to-reach and remote disaster areas.

Using Recommendation Systems in Disaster Management: A Systematic Literature Review

As obvious, disasters cause widespread human, economic, and environmental losses throughout the world. Both natural and man-made disasters require an effective disaster management system to curtail their potential damage and ensure prompt response to affected communities. The widespread adoption of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in this field has facilitated information exchange, situational awareness, and communication among various stakeholders. Within ICT, the recommendation system has been widely used to help decision makers take critical and effective decisions. In this review, we aim to unravel how recommendation systems (RS) have been used in the disaster management domain. To this end, a systematic literature review (SLR) was performed, resulting in a data set of 44 papers dealing with this topic. Selected studies were evaluated to provide an answer to five different research questions. We considered what are the most common recommendation approaches adopted in these studies, the input and output of the recommendation system, the disaster management phase involved, and the contribution of the study in the field. The results of this review present a starting point for further research in this area.

Examining the Performance Measurement Factors Impacting on the Effectiveness of Disaster Management System

Body The purpose of this study is to examine the direction of disaster management by administration change in Korea and identify factors that could accommodate the public's demand for an effective disaster management system. Keyword network analysis is conducted for the 3rd and 4th National Emergency Management Plan to explore the changes in the direction of disaster management policies. Through the analysis, topic words, their frequency, and matrixes for co-occurrence between keywords are extracted. Based on the extracted matrix, the degree centrality (connectivity of keywords) is identified and cluster analysis has been conducted afterward. The findings show that education training, on-site disaster response, improvement of legal system, professional training, and cooperation among related agencies are detected as key topic words. The direction of the plan is also changing to cope with the unexpected disaster situation due to the climate change.

SDN based V2X Networks for Disaster Management: A Systematic Literature Review

Disasters in an area or an accident in a city both result in loss of property and lives. To overcome this, a disaster management system needs to be in place, which is efficient for any type of scenario. Through the use of Software Defined Networks and Vehicle-to-Everything, it is possible to create such an effective disaster management system. However, simply defining an architecture is not a solution. Other factors such as the transmission of data and its reliability is also a key research point. In light of this, this article presents a systematic literature review of around 20 research works that was conducted by surveying different architectures and routing protocols of software defined vehicular networks in terms of any disaster related scenario. The major objective of this literature review was to present a review of different proposed architectures and various routing protocols and their subsequent network characteristics in the case of a disaster scenario. Also, different open research issues and challenges are highlighted for any kind of disaster scenario.

Comparative analysis of disaster management between India and Nigeria

This paper reviews, compares, and analyzes the legal and institutional frameworks of the Disaster Management (DM) systems in India and Nigeria. This research aims to study the effectiveness and efficacy of the DM systems in both countries to identify the strengths and weaknesses and make recommendations for enhancing the current systems. The study initially provides a comprehensive introduction of Indian and Nigerian DM systems, including the countries' disaster profiles and the current DM policies and institutional frameworks, then compares them from various perspectives to identify the similarities, differences, common challenges, and lessons learned. An intense documentary survey of relevant literature is applied in this study to obtain data and information. The study finds that India, by developing better legal and institutional frameworks, creates a more effective DM system than Nigeria in terms of the integration and prioritization of Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) efforts, community participation and coordination, and collaboration mechanisms. The research also discovers that both nations struggle to mobilize, manage, and utilize DM funds due to a lack of transparency in funding sources, particularly at the state and local/district levels. The findings also show that both countries’ DM systems are mainly focused on natural disasters, with little emphasis provided on effective preventative and regulatory measures to deal with the risks and consequences of man-made hazards. The paper concludes that due to administrative and financial issues, none of the two countries achieved total success in capacity building activities.

Technologies for effective disaster management systems: a state of the art survey of current challenges and opportunities

Technologies for effective disaster management systems: a state of the art survey of current challenges and opportunities

Earthquake Hazard Safety Assessment of Buildings via Smartphone App: A Comparative Study

The failure of man-made structures is the main cause of more injuries during an earthquake and more economic losses. In addition, as urban areas continue to develop, the need for an effective disaster management system to develop resilient communities increased. To estimate the severity of a building’s damage, several seismic assessment methods have been introduced. Rapid visual screening methods (RVS) are the fastest and simplest methods developed to evaluate the initial vulnerability profile of the existing building stock, constructed before or after the adoption and enforcement of seismic codes. In this study, FEMA P-154, Indian RVS (IITK-GSDMA), Turkish RVS (EMPI), and EHSAPP method have been utilized on some buildings and their results compared to each other with regard to the real occurring damage after an earthquake on the same buildings. It was observed that the EHSAPP method has a better and more realistic seismic risk assessment than others.

Metanetwork Framework for Performance Analysis of Disaster Management System-of-Systems

The objective of this paper is to create and test an integrative framework for performance analysis of disaster management system-of-systems (DM-SoS). Effective disaster management systems and processes are critical for saving lives and protecting properties. However, the lack of integration between heterogeneous systems and entities involved in disaster management impacts coordination and operational efficiency. Greater integration and coordination among multiple heterogeneous entities is essential in improving performance and achieving network-centric disaster management. To address this gap, this paper, first examines the dimensions of analysis and a framework for a system-of-systems assessment of disaster management. In the proposed framework, the main entities include stakeholders, operations, resources, information, and infrastructure. Second, a metanetwork framework was employed to capture the network interactions among various types of entities. Then, measures of network efficiency (e.g., operational and coordination efficiency) were used to identify critical entities and evaluate the effectiveness of system integration strategies. The application of the proposed framework was shown in a case study of disaster management processes in the 2017 Hurricane Harvey. The findings highlight the importance of the SoS approach for evaluating the performance of disaster management processes under different disaster-induced perturbations (e.g., resources limitation, infrastructure disruptions, and lack of information). The findings also identify ways to improve system integration and coordination among various heterogeneous entities interacting in networks.

Context‐aware cognitive disaster management using fog‐based Internet of Things

AbstractThe natural and man‐made disasters are inevitable in many circumstances. Thus, an effective disaster management system (DMS) is vital for any community that can use state‐of‐the‐art technologies to deal with such cataclysmic events. There is plethora of latest technologies such as Internet of Things (IoT) and cloud and fog Computing that have provided the required infrastructure and connectivity to collect and analyze data from users and physical environment for cognitive decision‐making. This article analyzes different stages of DMSs, and existing IoT solutions are also discussed that are focused on prevention, preparation, response, and recovery from disasters. It also proposes a context‐aware fog‐based IoT architecture to realize a cognitive DMS that can learn from the collected and synthesized data to reduce the impact of catastrophic events by taking immediate actions. Furthermore, the significance of the architecture is validated in different scenarios and inherent open research challenges are emphasized.

Resilience and depression among the survivors of the 2013 Yaan earthquake

Summary Recent research on disaster survivors has increasingly emphasized the concept of resilience. Little is known, however, about the relationship between community resilience and mental health and about the moderating effects of personal and community resilience on the relationship between disaster impact and mental health among disaster survivors. Based on a cross-sectional survey of the survivors of the 2013 Yaan earthquake (N = 495) conducted in June 2014, this research examined the relationship between community economic resilience and mental health and the moderating effects of personal and community economic resilience on the relationship between disaster impact and mental health among disaster survivors. Findings Regression analysis indicated that community economic resilience (β = −.19, p < .001) is significantly associated with depression. The relationship between earthquake impact on income and depression is moderated by community economic resilience (β = .12, p < .01) but not by personal resilience. Applications To buffer depression among disaster survivors, social workers and other mental health professionals may help enhance their personal resilience though encouraging them to develop positive attitudes toward adversities and improve community economic resilience through promoting a more effective disaster management system.

Community-Based Localized Disaster Response through Temporary Social Overlay Networks

Disaster management is a critical component to secure citizen’s safety. From experiences with recent disasters such as tsunamis, earthquakes, and hurricanes, we can easily find evidence that shows an urgent need for effective disaster management systems. Most of existing disaster-responsive systems have focused on long-term needs that require comprehensive data analysis and continuous disaster recovery in a centralized manner. For more effective responses, however, a disaster response system must address not only long-term needs but also short-term needs that require instant data sharing and cooperation between people and smart devices nearby. Towards this goal, in this paper, we propose the Hybrid Disaster Response System (HyDRS) that consists of localized communities dealing with short-term needs and a centralized disaster management system addressing long-term needs. By using the HyDRS, distressed people are able to immediately obtain vital information from people and sensors nearby and cooperate with each other within localized communities even when a centralized system is unavailable.

Disaster Recovery Plan (DRP) and Business Continuity Plan (BCP) for Financial Cooperatives in New Market Economy

A large banking institutions based in India initiated an IT solution that provide link to data redundancy towards large customer base. As per Reserve Bank of India Department of Banking Supervision, Central Office, Mumbai has guidelines on information security, Electronic Banking, Technology risk management, Disaster Recovery Plan (DRP) and Business Continuity Plan (BCP). The banks must have prevention programme to reduce the likelihood that banks operation will be significantly affected by a pandemic event for which the banks need to setup disaster avoidance, disaster recovery committee at branch level. The main objective of this research paper is to observe whether the particular cooperative Bank has any effective Disaster Management System with reference to Disaster Avoidance, Disaster Recovery Plan (DRP) and Business Continuity Plan (BCP) as per RBI guidelines and other international standards. This was pursued by conducting structured interview of branch head of the The Vishweshwar Sahakari Bank Ltd., Pune, Maharashtra, India. The researcher with the help of a questionnaire inquired from the branch head of The Vishweshwar Sahakari Bank Ltd., Pune and compared the responses with the desired state using GAP Analysis Worksheet. The study reflected that the selected Bank in this research, backup its data at a Remote offsite location, have a BCP/DRP Plan available with them on software but they do not apply Disaster Management System as per RBI - “Guidelines on information security, Electronic Banking, Technology risk management and cyber frauds” and other international standards. The study concludes by providing recommendations to the Indian Banks.

Liberia national disaster preparedness coordination exercise: Implementing lessons learned from the West African disaster preparedness initiative.

In light of the recent Ebola outbreak, there is a critical need for effective disaster management systems in Liberia and other West African nations. To this end, the West Africa Disaster Preparedness Initiative held a disaster management exercise in conjunction with the Liberian national government on November 24-25, 2015. During this tabletop exercise (TTX), interactions within and between the 15 counties and the Liberian national government were conducted and observed to refine and validate the county and national standard operating procedures (SOPs). The exercise took place in three regional locations throughout Liberia: Monrovia, Buchanan, and Bong. The TTX format allowed counties to collaborate utilizing open-source software platforms including Ushahidi, Sahana, QGIS, and KoBoCollect. Four hundred sixty-seven individuals (representing all 15 counties of Liberia) identified as key actors involved with emergency operations and disaster preparedness participated in the exercise. A qualitative survey with open-ended questions was administered to exercise participants to determine needed improvements in the disaster management system in Liberia. Key findings from the exercise and survey include the need for emergency management infrastructure to extend to the community level, establishment of a national disaster management agency and emergency operations center, customized local SOPs, ongoing surveillance, a disaster exercise program, and the need for effective data sharing and hazard maps. These regional exercises initiated the process of validating and refining Liberia's national and county-level SOPs. Liberia's participation in this exercise has provided a foundation for advancing its preparedness, response, and recovery capacities and could provide a template for other countries to use.

The five 'C's': synergies in International Disaster Management and public health and a place for entrepreneurial resilience?

There is a growing awareness of the requirement to reconcile disaster management and public health priorities over the coming decade. Lee Miles, Professor of Crisis and Disaster Management at Bournemouth University Disaster Management Centre, outlines the five main challenges involved to integrate public health into any effective disaster management system.

Improving Disaster Resilience Using Mobile Based Disaster Management System

The use of ICTs can help to produce information and make better decisions for effective disaster management system. ICT is considered to necessary enhance adaptation capacity and supports feedback, ensure information access, enables active participation, reduces vulnerability. Mobile technologies are appropriate for providing these needs to improving resilience. Nowadays with the widespread use of mobile devices, benefiting as an information sharing environment after disaster is inevitable. The use of mobile technologies by citizens after a disaster increases resilience against disasters. The aim of the study is to increase disaster resilience by using mobile technologies to ensure citizens play an active role in disaster management.

A Disaster Document Classification Technique Using Domain Specific Ontologies

Manual data collection and entry is one of the bottlenecks in conventional disaster management information systems. Time is a critical factor in emergency situations and timely data collection and processing may help in saving several lives. An effective disaster management system needs to collect data from World Wide Web automatically. A prerequisite for data collection process is document classification mechanism to classify a particular document into different categories. Ontologies are formal bodies of knowledge used to capture machine understandable semantics of a domain of interest and have been used successfully to support document classification in various domains. This paper presents an ontology-based document classification technique for automatic data collection in a disaster management system. A general ontology of disasters is used that contains the description of several natural and man-made disasters. The proposed technique augments the conventional classification measures with the ontological knowledge to improve the precision of classification. A preliminary implementation of the proposed technique shows promising results with up to 10% overall improvement in precision when compared with conventional classification methods.

Mapping and Analysis of Forest and Land Fire Potential Using Geospatial Technology and Mathematical Modeling

Forest and land fire can cause negative implications for forest ecosystems, biodiversity, air quality and soil structure. However, the implications involved can be minimized through effective disaster management system. Effective disaster management mechanisms can be developed through appropriate early warning system as well as an efficient delivery system. This study tried to focus on two aspects, namely by mapping the potential of forest fire and land as well as the delivery of information to users through WebGIS application. Geospatial technology and mathematical modeling used in this study for identifying, classifying and mapping the potential area for burning. Mathematical models used is the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), while Geospatial technologies involved include remote sensing, Geographic Information System (GIS) and digital field data collection. The entire Selangor state was chosen as our study area based on a number of cases have been reported over the last two decades. AHP modeling to assess the comparison between the three main criteria of fuel, topography and human factors design. Contributions of experts directly involved in forest fire fighting operations and land comprising officials from the Fire and Rescue Department Malaysia also evaluated in this model. The study found that about 32.83 square kilometers of the total area of Selangor state are the extreme potential for fire. Extreme potential areas identified are in Bestari Jaya and Kuala Langat High Ulu. Continuity of information and terrestrial forest fire potential was displayed in WebGIS applications on the internet. Display information through WebGIS applications is a better approach to help the decision-making process at a high level of confidence and approximate real conditions. Agencies involved in disaster management such as Jawatankuasa Pengurusan Dan Bantuan Bencana (JPBB) of District, State and the National under the National Security Division and the Fire and Rescue Department Malaysia can use the end result of this study in preparation for the land and forest fires in the future.