Effective Crisis Management Research Articles

How Does Digital Governance Contribute to Effective Crisis Management? A Case Study of Korea’s Response to COVID-19

The COVID-19 global pandemic has challenged governance practices around the world and led to calls for reform to better fit newly emerged expectations. Studies have identified multiple types of governance practices and important qualities in governance for coping with crises, but they have tended to focus on one or a few aspects. In addition, while the pandemic has shown us how the digital readiness of a country plays a pivotal role in adjusting to and mitigating the societal impact of a crisis, there is limited knowledge of how digital tools and strategies within digital governance can best be utilized in the context of crisis management. This study synthesizes the literature on governance and crisis management to draw a comprehensive analytical framework, aiming to examine the specific roles of digital governance in supporting crisis management. We utilize an interpretive case study of Korea’s response to COVID-19, given the country’s highly regarded digital governance performance and COVID-19 response. This study offers specific evidence and examples of how Korea’s digital governance has operated in response to the pandemic and provides implications for existing theory by linking the digital governance literature to the context of pandemics as well as more effective crisis management practices.

Manager characteristics and early innovation adoption during crises: the case of COVID-19 preventive measures in Danish Eldercare

ABSTRACT Reacting rapidly and adequately in the early stages of a crisis is crucial to effective crisis management. This study analyses the relationship between key first-line manager characteristics, early innovation adoption and crisis scenarios in the context of Danish eldercare during the early stages of the COVID-19 crisis. Our findings show that manager characteristics such as education level, eldercare job tenure and previous similar experience are important to early innovation adoption in crises. The study contributes to the crisis management literature by emphasizing the importance of first-line manager characteristics in effective crisis management.

CSR crises from the consumers’ perspective: a multidimensional typology and future research agenda

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop a multidimensional corporate social responsibility (CSR) crisis typology from the consumers’ perspective and to provide an agenda for future research.Design/methodology/approachBasic content-related dimensions for characterizing CSR crises from the consumers’ perspective are derived from a review of relevant static crisis typologies. Different types of consumer responses to negative CSR information are derived from various theoretical approaches. Dynamic process models of corporate crises are reviewed to assign various types of consumer responses to different crisis phases. Linking both static and dynamic approaches leads to a comprehensive consumer-oriented typology of CSR crises that is illustrated with examples.FindingsA CSR crises typology is developed based on three consumer-related dimensions: the extent to which the company is attributed blame by consumers; the amount of perceived damage potential; and the perceived CSR relevance of the crisis situation. The combination of these dimensions results in eight different crisis types. For each of these crisis types, different forms of consumer responses are assigned that prevail in the so-called potential, latent and manifest crisis phase.Research limitations/implicationsFuture research could address the empirical review of the crisis typology presented, its refinement by considering various consumer and stakeholder segmentation approaches and the advanced dynamic analysis of CSR crises by including stakeholder characteristics that impact the diffusion of CSR-related negative publicity.Practical implicationsThe results of this paper support early crisis detection and effective crisis management by identifying relevant target variables for crisis communication.Originality/valueThe typology developed enables a broad spectrum of CSR crises to be classified, including those that have been neglected in previous systematization approaches, such as CSR-related tensions, general sustainability crises and product-harm crises. Due to its theoretical foundation, this paper also contributes to a clearer demarcation of existing CSR crisis constructs.

Roles of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on COVID-19 Pandemic Crisis Management Policies

The new type of coronaviruses (COVID-19) crisis has had a devastating impact across the world. Public administration discipline addresses emergency crisis management in various ways and dimensions. This article seeks answers to the question “How AI can contribute to crisis management policies to fight against COVID-19 and its impacts?” To this, the techniques and methods of AI in fighting against the COVID-19 virus will be explained in various dimensions. AI can make significant contributions in the preparation, mitigation-prevention, response, and recovery policies in the COVID-19 pandemic crisis. If adopted, AI can be used to find better treatment routes and drug development. Equally, policymakers can benefit from AI as decision support to reach high-quality decisions through fast and accurate data. The paper concludes that governments should create and implement effective AI-based crisis management strategies to fight against the epidemic locally, regionally, nationally, and internationally with a multi-level governance perspective.

Mindful unlearning in unprecedented times: Implications for management and organizations

Crises trigger both learning and unlearning at both intra-organizational and inter-organizational levels. This article stresses the need to facilitate unlearning for effective crisis management and shows how we could use mindfulness practice to enhance unlearning and transformative learning in a crisis. This study proposes the conceptualization of mindful unlearning in crisis with different mechanisms to foster unlearning in three stages of crisis (pre-crisis, during-crisis, and post-crisis). These mechanisms include mindful awareness of impermanence and sensual processing (pre-crisis stage), mindful awareness of interdependence and right intention (crisis management stage), and mindful awareness of transiency and past experiences (post-crisis stage).

Developing Crisis Management System for Construction Projects in Iraq

Construction is a complicated process that takes place in an almost uncontrollable environment. Although projects can be carefully planned in advance in principle, there is a chance that unforeseen events and crises can disrupt these plans, affecting project development. Because the initial investment expenditures in construction projects are so large, they may be quickly influenced by crises, resulting in significant financial losses. The 2014 financial crisis was one of the most prominent crises that Iraq faced, which significantly impacted various activities in general and the construction industry in particular. Despite the importance of crisis management systems, the researchers found a great lack of local studies looking at crisis management, specifically in the basic stages chosen for its development, which are before, during, and after a crisis. Therefore, an effective crisis management system has been developed consisting of 20 critical success factors with devising 59 actions that can be taken for each proposed criterion for each of the three stages of crisis.

Negotiating transboundary crises in higher education: Tsinghua University’s shift to online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic posed a major challenge for education leaders and policymakers across the globe. This paper discusses the experience of Tsinghua University’s shift to fully online learning, as the first major university in the world to move all courses online in response to the 2020 pandemic. The article introduces the Institutional Resilience in Higher Education Framework to articulate the factors that drive quality education during times of crisis. The article explores the shift to online learning in the context of pandemic as transboundary crisis and details Tsinghua’s online learning emergency response to distil lessons learnt and identify emerging best practices for further online learning implementation. It extrapolates broader lessons about university response to transboundary crises and highlights the importance of effective crisis management, institutional resilience and leadership for delivering quality higher education in emergencies and beyond.

АНТИКРИЗОВЕ УПРАВЛІННЯ БАНКОМ В УМОВАХ НЕСТАБІЛЬНОСТІ ФІНАНСОВОГО РИНКУ

The aggravation of problems in the banking system is generally associated with the deterioration of the financial condition of some banks under the COVID-19 pandemic, military aggression in eastern Ukraine and the need to introduce anti-crisis management. The lack of timely and effective crisis management has led to the liquidation of more than forty commercial banks over the past five years. The need for crisis management by domestic banks is exacerbated by the instability of the financial market and requires a review of views on the essence of crisis management. The purpose of the article is to develop theoretical provisions for crisis management in conditions of financial market instability. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study were the scientific works of domestic and foreign scientists. Scientists most often associate anti-crisis bank management with the banking crisis, that is, the state of the entire banking system, and at the same time level other destructive factors. The set of commercial banks that received a net loss was determined: A critical analysis of the definitions of domestic scientists, the concept of "anti-crisis management of the bank" and identified the following groups of approaches: as a process of identifying, preventing and overcoming crisis phenomena; as a process aimed at identifying and preventing crisis situations; as measures taken during the crisis; as measures to rehabilitate the bank; as measures to increase the solvency of the bank; as a component of the bank's financial stability management; as a component of achieving the effective functioning of the bank; as a system for counteracting the bankruptcy of the bank. It is proposed to understand the essence of the category "anti-crisis management of the bank" as a special type of management, interpreted in a narrow and broad sense with the need for specific types and management methods and carried out to diagnose, prevent, neutralize and overcome crisis phenomena, including financial instability market.

Impact of COVID-19 Crisis on Knowledge Management Practices in Sultanate of Oman

This research was conducted with the aim of identifying various changes made to knowledge management (KM) practices implemented by organizations in the Sultanate of Oman following the onset of the COVID-19 crisis. Further, the study focused on identifying the impact of those changes on various aspects of human resources management. Snowball and purposive sampling techniques were used to collect relevant data from 110 line managers in various organizations in the Sultanate of Oman. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi-squared and post-hoc tests. The Bonferroni correction method was adopted to reduce the risk of Type I error. The findings indicated that organizations started utilizing an inside-out approach to KM after the COVID-19 crisis began, shifted KM process from manual to computer-based and spending from conventional to e-KM activities. Key finding is that the organizations demonstrated an increased dependency on internal knowledge sources. In addition, line managers began measuring the effectiveness of KM practices, a metric which had been mostly neglected in the pre-pandemic period. Perceived benefits of these changes included increased employee motivation and engagement, increased employee learning and job-related skill, along with an enhanced knowledge-sharing culture across the organization. Important measures taken to mitigate the perceived negative impact of these changes, or enhance the perceived positive impact, included consistent persuasive communication with employees and identifying alternate financial resources to support KM activities. This research contributes to the field of KM and projects it as a supportive discipline to effective crisis management. Findings of this research can help in identifying the areas of training and improvements in the KM framework. This research is global and topical in nature as it relates to the e-KM practices during the ongoing global COVID-19 crisis and portrays the changing e-learning scenario in the organizations in Oman, one of the prominent countries in the middle east and represents the middle east regional culture and economy.

Sözleşmeli Tarım COVİD-19 Pandemisinde Üreticilerin Dayanıklılığını Artırdı mı? Türkiye'den Uygulamalı Bir Çalışma

This paper examines the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on contract farming (CF), focussing on buckwheat producers in Gümüşhane province in rural area of Turkey. Our research group was buckwheat producers in Gümüşhane province in Turkey across Gümüşhane’s three districts (Kelkit, Köse, and Şiran). According to empirical literature, CF improves livelihood alternatives and helps the economic development of rural areas. While COVID-19 affects the whole world, its impacts on CF has been a matter of curiosity. Thus, this paper starts with a definition of the phenomenon of CF, recent empirical studies and objectives. In order to understand the perceptions of the farmers engaged in contract farming in Gümüşhane regarding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on buckwheat production and marketing, 28 perception statements were presented. This study’s findings show that respondents underlined that they strongly agreed with the statements regarding the increase in the cost of agricultural inputs because of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has not had a negative impact on buckwheat farmers engaged in contract farming in many ways in the research area. There is still a need for authorities to manage effective crisis management plans and to launch resilience promoting policies like contract farming that aim at enhancing farmers’ capabilities.

Dimensions of (post-)viral tourism revival: actions and strategies from the perspectives of policymakers in Portugal

ABSTRACT This research explores the dimensions of (post-)viral tourism revival from the perspectives of policymakers in Portugal. Accordingly, the data were collected through semi-structured interviews with policymakers representing Portugal’s regional and national level tourism organisations. The findings include six main themes: financial actions, structural and logical strategies, demand-related strategies, workforce aspects and actions, marketing and promoting strategies, and optimization of funds. By providing the necessary actions and strategies, the present study results will be helpful for destinations to develop effective crisis management planning in the (post-)viral tourism to revive. Additionally, this paper is the first to reveal in detail the dimensions of (post-)viral tourism revival from the perspectives of policymakers who are in significant positions of regional and national level tourism organizations. Thence, the findings are original and will contribute to the tourism literature.

The EU-SENSE System for Chemical Hazards Detection, Identification, and Monitoring

Chemical reconnaissance, defined as hazards detection, identification, and monitoring, requires tools and solutions which provide reliable and precise data. In this field, the advances of artificial intelligence can be applied. This article aims to propose a novel approach for developing a chemical reconnaissance system that relies on machine learning, modelling algorithms, as well as the contaminant dispersion model to combine signals from different sensors and reduce false alarm rates. A case study of the European Union Horizon 2020 project–EU-SENSE is used and the main features of the system are analysed: heterogeneous sensor nodes components, chemical agents to be detected, and system architecture design. Through the proposed approach, chemical reconnaissance capabilities are improved, resulting in more effective crisis management. The idea for the system design can be used and developed in other areas, namely, in biological or radiological threat reconnaissance.

Application of ICT in effective crisis management: A systematic review.

Effective crisis management can reduce the costs and consequences of a crisis and has a significant impact on saving human lives in critical situations. Proper use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) can improve all crisis management phases and crisis communication cycles according to the needs of stakeholders. The purpose of this review article is to identify which ICTs have been used in effective crisis management and what managerial tasks they support. A systematic review was conducted based on PRISMA protocol. The investigated articles that have been published in English were all indexed in PubMed, Science Direct, IEEE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases from 2005 to 2019. The keywords searched were "Crisis Management," "Emergency Management," "Information and Communication Technology," and their synonyms. A total of 1,703 articles were retrieved, and 81 articles that met the inclusion criteria were retained. In terms of content, there were 54 case studies/review articles, 38 proposals, and seven prototypes among which 18 case studies and proposals were the same. According to surveys, 18 ICT tools and technologies have been used in effective crisis management with the purpose of supporting managerial tasks such as situation assessment, decision-making, coordination/command and control, communication with the public, and supply of basic services in order to enable crisis management and logistics. This study showed that proper use of ICT can help crisis managers optimize their performance that will consequently result in effective crisis management and the reduction of casualties. In the crisis management cycle, several tools and technologies have been used for various purposes, however; some crisis managers' tasks were still not taken into consideration sufficiently, and thus, some recommendations for further research in this field were provided.

Methodology of Effective Application of Economic-Mathematical Modeling as the Key Component of the Multi-Crisis Adaptive Management

Abstract. Introduction. The modern economy is characterized not only by processes of increasing globalization and competition in markets, mobility and internationalization of resources, rapid development of innovative information technologies, but also by rapid spread of crisis phenomena in the middle and between national economies - all these factors put forward new requirements for effective corporate management [1, 2]. Purpose. Thus, for the sake of stability, not only in the current global market competition, but especially in the context of multi-level crisis phenomena [3], all efficient companies (including logistic) should be able to adapt quickly and efficiently to changes, i.e., they must be systemically adaptive with using economic and mathematical modeling of crisis program, forecasting the results of crisis management. Results. The two main groups of results will provide an adequate, systemic multi-modal response to a variety of crisis events and situations. The process of assembling and configuring the elements of the crisis program (plan) is inherently an open, heuristic, intellectual process of making managerial decisions and scenarios. The intellectual and professional abilities of the manager (specialist, auditor, controller) performing this task play a significant role in the development and implementation of effective crisis management plans and programs. This determines the importance of the personal factor and experience in preparing for decision-making in open problems, determines the requirements for the selection and organization of work in the ad-hoc mode of internal and external experts ( auditors, controllers). However, a study of the management practice of logistics companies in emerging markets (especially in the context of the current global pandemic) showed a significant and negative potential impact of subjective factors on decisions of the management of logistics companies, their auditors and controllers (cheating, corruption, raiding, inattention, industrial espionage, etc.). To limit the influence of the above subjective factors, the authors conducted research in the field of economic and mathematical modeling on two main tasks: development of a methodology and model for the formation of a crisis plan for a logistics company in the context of a possible multi-level crisis and development of methodology and improvement of models for predicting the results of a possible implementation of an crisis three-level adaptive program for a logistics company, taking into account the influence of the current multi-level crisis features and conditions. The results obtained can be used by logistics companies on emerging markets of developing countries and under the influence of similar political, macroeconomic and pandemic crisis phenomena (for example, including many countries in Africa, most countries in Eastern Europe, some countries of Latin America, some countries in the Middle East, and some countries in Southeast Asia). Conclusions. The obtained results are relevant and applicable not only for local logistic companies, but also for international applications in the context of projected glo bal macroeconomic and current national crisis phenomena.

BUSINESS REVENUE AND JOB RETENTION DURING COVID-19 CRISIS IN MANUFACTURING SECTOR IN SERBIA

Manufacturing companies in the Republic of Serbia had to react quickly to the changed business conditions during Covid-19 crisis, in order to adjust their businesses, as well as working conditions to the new circumstances. Since most of the employees in these companies cannot work remotely, maintaining production processes was challenged due to the restrictions imposed by the state and decreased demand for their products. New dynamic environment influenced differently various segments of manufacturing companies’ businesses, which affected companies’ business revenue and number and structure of its employees. This paper investigates the impact of Covid-19 on the manufacturing companies’ business revenue, and subsequently their employees and job retention schemes. It further explores the possibilities of effective crisis management in the Republic of Serbia, as well as readiness of manufacturing companies’ employees and management to adapt to the new working environment caused by the Covid-19 pandemic, in order to lessen its impact on the companies’ performance and profitability.

Revisiting Social Media Crisis Communication Model for Building Resilience via Artificial Neural Network Analysis

The devastating effects of crises and how social media usage assists or informs stakeholders are attracting attention recently. This study explored the literature on social media crisis communication and resilience and evaluated the predictors of public resilience and the impact of social media activities on public resilience. Using the artificial neural network (ANN) approach, this study sought to determine the effect of the crisis, crisis response, and social media interaction on public resilience. The ANN evaluates the mean value of the normalized performance from ten neural networks generated through cross-validation. The results indicate crisis response and social media interaction as the most significant predictors of resilience. Also, the findings show that it is desirable to continue studying the public's roles, motives, and actions on social media. The study offered theoretical justification to advance effective social media crisis management and communication.

Experiences and Perceptions of Nursing Students during the COVID-19 Crisis in Spain.

In the early stages of the 2019 coronavirus pandemic in Spain, the Spanish health system was overwhelmed, mainly due to a lack of personnel, and many hospital centers collapsed by following avalanche of patients with COVID-19; this meant that the National System of Health called for fourth-year nursing students to come to the hospital as health care personnel. Our aim was to describe the perceptions and experiences of a sample of nursing students during the early stages of the outbreak. We conducted a qualitative study with an empirical-phenomenological approach. Twenty nursing students in their final year of study in Spain were recruited using purposive and snowball sampling. They participated in in-depth interviews between 20 April and 10 May 2020. The interviews were transcribed and then analyzed using Haase’s adaptation of Colaizzi’s phenomenological method. Four main themes emerged from data analysis: “social responsibility and pride as a health worker”, “pressure caused by working with COVID-19 patients”, “feeling defenseless and let down”, and “personal growth as a health worker”. These main themes were further divided into 11 theme categories. Due to an intense work day for several days in a row, the students were tired and mentally exhausted. Even so, they managed to overcome any difficulties, demonstrating their professional dedication and resilience. Greater preparatory support should be provided to safeguard the well-being of these future healthcare providers. More intensive preparatory training is necessary for health sciences students to facilitate crisis preparedness and effective crisis management. It is necessary to implement support from healthcare systems, including sufficient personal protective equipment, as well as contracts that accurately reflect the work they do. It is necessary for nursing supervisors to have effective communication in the performance of their functions with nursing students; this dialogue helps to clearly explain which are the functions that students must perform when they are carrying out their internships. There is also a need for preparatory training in managing infectious diseases such as COVID-19.

Leading Amid Pandemic: Conceptual Framework on Ethical-Political Leadership for Crisis Management

Observing frequent ethical leadership vacuums and subsequent response failures in many countries during the recent pandemic, this article aims to identify major ethical traits of political leaders during crisis management. Based on a review of relevant research in crisis management, public administration, and management studies, the authors develop a conceptual framework on ethical-political leadership for effective crisis management. The conceptual framework first presents three realms of obligations of ethical-political leaders for crisis management, including (1) obligation to the public interest, (2) obligation to authorizing processes and procedures, and (3) obligation to colleagues, then presents details of the corresponding internal goods and virtues. The article concludes with a discussion of the contribution and limitations of this research.

Towards effective crisis management

Purpose This paper aims to review the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoint practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies. Design/methodology/approach This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context. Findings Firms and entire sectors can be vulnerable to both immediate and lasting effects when a major crisis occurs. Swift response utilizing appropriate strategies can enable effective crisis management that enables not only damage limitation and recovery but scope to transform the industry’s future. Originality/value The briefing saves busy executives and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format.

Varieties of organised hypocrisy: security privatisation in UN, EU, and NATO crisis management operations

ABSTRACT International organisations (IOs) have increasingly resorted to private military and security companies (PMSCs) as providers of armed protection, training, intelligence, and logistics. In this article, we argue that IOs, seeking to reconcile conflicting international norms and member states’ growing unwillingness to provide the manpower required for effective crisis management, have decoupled their official policy on and actual use of PMSCs, thereby engaging in organised hypocrisy. Due to its stricter interpretation of norms like the state monopoly of violence, the United Nations (UN) has showcased a more glaring gap between talk and action than the European Union (EU) and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), which display a more pragmatic, but not entirely consistent, approach to the use of PMSCs. By examining the decoupling between UN, EU, and NATO official contractor support doctrines and operational records, this article advances the debate on both security privatisation and organised hypocrisy.