Effect Of Gamma Radiation Treatment Research Articles

Effect of gamma radiation treatment on growth and morphology of red Amaranthus

A field experiment was conducted during Rabi season 2020-21 at Instructional cum Research Farm, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, (C.G.) to study the effect of gamma radiation treatment on growth and morphology of red Amaranthus. The red Amaranthus was grown and treatments were replicated three times in randomized block design. The experiment consists of eleven doses of gamma radiation viz., 600, 650, 700, 750, 800, 850, 900, 950, 1000, 1050 GY and control. The result revealed that growth parameters viz., number of functional leaves plant-1, Number of branches plant-1, dry weight (g) plant-1, Weight of inflorescence (g) plant-1 and Seed yield (g) plant-1 was recorded in 850 dose of gamma radiation which was at par to 1000 doses of gamma radiation. The lowest growth parameters were recorded under with out treated with gamma radiation (control).

Effect of gamma irradiation on microbial safety and functionality of value added ambient storable pulp product from Java Plum

Short seasonal and post-harvest perishable features of underutilized Java Plum (Syzygium cumini) fruits, known for tremendous ethno-medicinal importance, significantly limits their sustained market availability and trade. To address this concern, a chemical preservative free value added dehydrated product was developed from fruit pulp and gamma irradiated (5 kGy) to ensure microbial safety and extended shelf-life. Microbial load was ~ 4.7 log cfu/g in non-irradiated samples that reduced to below detectable level upon irradiation treatment (5 kGy) and organoleptic quality was maintained up to 5 months as evidenced by retention of aroma components (41 Nos) upon radiation processing. No significant (P < 0.05) effect of irradiation (5 kGy) was observed on antioxidant (radical scavenging, reducing potential, DNA protective), anti-diabetic (α-amylase inhibition ̴77%), and anti-proliferative potential against A549 cells (83.4%) through clonogenic assay. This is the first report on the effect of gamma radiation treatment on S. cumini fruit product and the implications of this study provide credible evidences demonstrating gamma radiation treatment efficacy in ensuring microbial safety, retention of functional bioactivities and providing a socio-economic solution to the perishable Java Plum (Syzygium cumini) fruits in the form of a functional health product.

Influence of gamma radiation treatment on the profile of phenolic compounds and on the quality parameters of strawberries cv. Albion during storage

This study evaluated the effects of gamma radiation treatment on the profile of phenolic compounds and the quality parameters of strawberries irradiated during storage. The fruits were submitted to irradiation doses 0, 0.8; 1.6, and 2.4 kGy and stored for up to 9 days at 10°C. The levels of anthocyanins, ascorbic acid, and total phenolic compounds were evaluated, as along with the profile of these compounds and colorimetric and microbiological parameters. Our results show that the doses used preserved the studied phenolic compounds. The variation in ascorbic acid values may be due to post-harvest storage of fruits. The applied doses did not interfere in the characteristic red color of the strawberry. The irradiation dose of 2.4 kGy more efficiently controlled microorganisms and is the ideal dose to increase the shelf life of strawberries.

Gamma radiation treatment to ensure microbial safety of ready to bake (RTB) vegetable toppings/ fillers and retain their nutritional qualities during cold storage

Limited shelf life due to processing associated microbial contamination is one of the major challenging issues with minimally processed ‘Ready to Bake’ (RTB) vegetable products leading to huge post-processing losses. In the current study, three minimally processed vegetables, i.e. tomato, bell pepper and white onion, which are widely used in fast food industries (FFI), such as pizza and burger as well as in households; were studied for their post-processing microbiological profile; and to assess the effect of gamma radiation treatment (0.5–5 kGy) to maintain hygiene during extended storage at low temperature. Prior to radiation treatment, the minimally processed vegetables were packed in low density polyethylene bags (thickness: 50 μm) which is suitable for such agri-produce and compatible to gamma radiation treatment (USA, FDA). Besides, vacuum packaging in multilayered LDPE bags was optimized for shredded onion. Except tomato, which did not contain any detectable presumptive coliform or yeast and mold on day 0, the other two cut vegetables were found to have higher load of microbes, i.e., more than 4.0 log CFUg−1 of total aerobic plate count, 3.0 log CFUg−1of each of yeast and mold counts (YMC) and presumptive coliform (PC) counts. In the radiation treated (2 kGy) vegetables, no PC was detected; even after 20 days of storage; whereas, in the untreated bell pepper, tomato and onion samples PC counts were found to be 4.3 ± 0.1, 3.7 ± 0.2 and 1.7 ± 0.3 log CFUg−1 respectively on day 20 of storage. The data indicated that, the total aerobic plate counts in the 2 kGy irradiated samples were below the permissible limit as per the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) guidelines. Organoleptic attributes (‘colour’, ‘texture’, ‘flavour’, ‘taste’ and ‘overall acceptability’) of the radiation treated products were found to be well retained even on 20 days of storage. The nutritional adequacy of these products in terms of total energy, fat, protein, carbohydrate, minerals and vitamin content was found to be well retained till the end of the 20 days' storage period. Findings of the study thus establish the efficacy of gamma radiation treatment in ensuring the safety and quality of minimally processed vegetables for their use in FFI as well as domestic kitchens.

Effects of gamma radiation treatment on three different medicinal plants: Microbial limit test, total phenolic content, in vitro cytotoxicity effect and antioxidant assay

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of gamma radiation treatment on three medicinal plants, namely Euodia malayana, Gnetum gnemon and Khaya senegalensis at two different forms; methanol leaf extracts and dried leaves respectively. The microbial limit test (MLT) studies indicated the suitable dosage of minimum and maximum gamma irradiation for leaf extracts as well as dried leaves of all the tested medicinal plants. Quantitative analysis of total phenolic content (TPC) analysis is based on calorimetric measurements determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent with gallic acid (GA) used as the reference. In vitro cytotoxicity assay by using fibroblast (L929) cell lines was performed on each plant to determine the toxicity effect which sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as the positive control. DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl) assay was conducted by using vitamin C and GA as the positive controls to determine the antioxidant property of each plant. The MLT analysis indicated that the suitable dosage gamma irradiation for leaf extracts was 6-12kGy and dried leaves were 9-13kGy. The amount of GA concentration in each plant increased significantly from 30-51mg GAE g-1 before treatment to 57-103mg GAE g-1 after treatment with gamma radiation. This showed no significant effect of in vitro cytotoxicity activity before and after treatment with gamma irradiation in this study. Effective concentration (EC50) values of Khaya senegalensis plant reduced significantly (P≤0.005) from 44.510μg/ml before treatment to 24.691μg/ml after treatment with gamma radiation, which indicate an increase of free radical scavenging activity.

8 THE HERITABILITY OF FEAR CONDITIONING AS A MODEL FOR ANXIETY DISORDER AND TREATMENT RESPONSE

Limited shelf life due to processing associated microbial contamination is one of the major challenging issues with minimally processed ‘Ready to Bake’ (RTB) vegetable products leading to huge post-processing losses. In the current study, three minimally processed vegetables, i.e. tomato, bell pepper and white onion, which are widely used in fast food industries (FFI), such as pizza and burger as well as in households; were studied for their post-processing microbiological profile; and to assess the effect of gamma radiation treatment (0.5–5 kGy) to maintain hygiene during extended storage at low temperature. Prior to radiation treatment, the minimally processed vegetables were packed in low density polyethylene bags (thickness: 50 μm) which is suitable for such agri-produce and compatible to gamma radiation treatment (USA, FDA). Besides, vacuum packaging in multilayered LDPE bags was optimized for shredded onion. Except tomato, which did not contain any detectable presumptive coliform or yeast and mold on day 0, the other two cut vegetables were found to have higher load of microbes, i.e., more than 4.0 log CFUg−1 of total aerobic plate count, 3.0 log CFUg−1of each of yeast and mold counts (YMC) and presumptive coliform (PC) counts. In the radiation treated (2 kGy) vegetables, no PC was detected; even after 20 days of storage; whereas, in the untreated bell pepper, tomato and onion samples PC counts were found to be 4.3 ± 0.1, 3.7 ± 0.2 and 1.7 ± 0.3 log CFUg−1 respectively on day 20 of storage. The data indicated that, the total aerobic plate counts in the 2 kGy irradiated samples were below the permissible limit as per the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) guidelines. Organoleptic attributes (‘colour’, ‘texture’, ‘flavour’, ‘taste’ and ‘overall acceptability’) of the radiation treated products were found to be well retained even on 20 days of storage. The nutritional adequacy of these products in terms of total energy, fat, protein, carbohydrate, minerals and vitamin content was found to be well retained till the end of the 20 days' storage period. Findings of the study thus establish the efficacy of gamma radiation treatment in ensuring the safety and quality of minimally processed vegetables for their use in FFI as well as domestic kitchens.

Gamma radiation treatment activates glucomoringin synthesis in Moringa oleifera

Plants are a very rich source of pharmacologically relevant metabolites. However, the relative concentrations of these compounds are subject to the genetic make-up, the physiological state of the plant as well as environmental effects. Recently, metabolic perturbations through the use of abiotic stressors have proven to be a valuable strategy for increasing the levels of these compounds. Oxidative stress-associated stressors, including ionizing radiation, have also been reported to induce metabolites with various biological activities in plants. Hence, the aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of gamma radiation on the induction of purported anti-cancerous metabolites, glucomoringin and its derivatives, in Moringa oleifera Lam., Moringaceae. Here, an UHPLC-qTOF-MS-based targeted metabolic fingerprinting approach was used to evaluate the effect of gamma radiation treatment on the afore-mentioned health-beneficial secondary metabolites of M. oleifera. Following radiation, an increase in glucomoringin and three acylated derivatives was noted. As such, these molecules can be regarded as components of the inducible defense mechanism of M. oleifera as opposed to being constitutive components as it has previously been assumed. This might be an indication of a possible, yet unexplored role of moringin against the effects of oxidative stress in M. oleifera plants. The results also suggest that plants undergoing photo-oxidative stress could accumulate higher amounts of glucomoringin and related molecules.

Single-trap kinetic in Si nanowire FETs: effect of gamma radiation treatment

ABSTRACTHere we report on the effect of gamma radiation treatment on transport properties and single-trap kinetics in Si nanowire (NW) field effect transistor (FET) structures. We used noise spectroscopy as a powerful method for advanced physical characterization of nanoscale devices. Our results demonstrate that transport properties of NW FETs can be changed using small doses of gamma radiation treatment. We reveal an enhancement of the gate coupling effect, which is explained as a result of the reorganization of the native defect structure after treatment. The radiation treatment approach allows the single-trap dynamic to be changed, which opens up prospects for a number of fundamental studies and applications of Si NW FET device structures, including biosensors.

감마선 처리에 의한 떫은감 과육의 세포벽 성분 및 물성 변화

In this study, the effects of gamma-radiation treatment on cell wall composition and physiological characteristics of astringent persimmon fruit were investigated. The soluble tannin contents of gamma-radiated samples were reduced by the radiation treatment. The hardness of the radiated fruit was decreased when compared to non-radiated fruit. Alcohol-insoluble component of the cell wall in the radiated fruit was decreased from 39.3 mg/g to 37.2 mg/g. The water-soluble content of the radiated fruit was increased from 11.4 mg/g to 13.9 mg/g. The cell wall content of the non-radiated fruit was 26.6 mg/g whereas the cell wall content of radiated fruit was decreased to 23.1 mg/g. Due to the maturation of astringent persimmon fruit by gamma-radiation, water-soluble compounds were increased whereas decreasing in cell wall compounds. The contents of lignin, pectin, and cell wall were decreased from 0.82 mg/g and 3.56 mg/g to 0.77 mg/g and 3.14 mg/g, respectively. Acid-soluble hemicellulose content was decreased by gamma-radiation, while alkali-soluble hemicellulose and cellulose contents were increased. Activities of sotening enzyme as polygalacturonase, pectinesterase and β-galactosidase existed in persimmon fruit were increased by gamma-radiation. In the sensory evaluation, gamma-radition treated persimmon showed very low astringent taste when compared to the non-radiated fruit. In hardness test, the non-radiated persimmon maintained the hardness while gamma-treated persimmon showed softened outer layer due to the condensation of tannin during radiation treatment. Therefore, gamma-radiation treatment will be used for the removal of its astringency of persimmon fruit and for enhancement of its maturation.

Impact of post-harvest radiation treatment timing on shelf life and quality characteristics of potatoes

The effects of gamma radiation treatment (50 and 100Gy) on potato tubers irradiated at different days (10th, 30th and 50th) after harvest were studied during 5months of storage at 10°C using Agria and Marfona varieties. A factorial experiment was done, based on a Randomized Complete Block Design with four replications. The 100Gy radiation treatments on 10th and 30th days after harvest completely prevented sprouting at both varieties studied but on 50th day only Agria tubers not sprouted. This study indicated that early irradiation and absorbed radiation doses significantly decreased sprouting, percent weight loss and specific gravity of tubers. Reducing sugar content significantly increased by delay in irradiation and lower dose of radiation while non-reducing sugars did not decrease significantly by delay in irradiation and higher dose of radiation. The least increase in reducing sugars (10.2%) and most decrease in non-reducing sugar (-12.75%) were observed in tubers that irradiated on 10th day after harvest. The content of ascorbic acid was decreased by irradiation with higher dose. Although delay in irradiation caused less loss of ascorbic acid (8.5%) but showed greater metabolic changes as sprouting, weight loss, firmness, and sugars contents. Also, more increased delay in irradiation needed higher radiation doses for sprout inhibition.

Covalent modification of single wall carbon nanotubes upon gamma irradiation in aqueous media

Single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) were exposed to gamma radiation, absorbing the doses of 25, 50 and 100 kGy in aqueous environment. After the irradiation treatment, the changes in the structure were studied using Fourier Transform Infrared and Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and atomic force microscopy. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy has shown that the irradiation of SWCNTs in aqueous environment leads to covalent functionalization of SWCNTs. The irradiation of water leads to its radiolysis and the formation of free radical species of different types. These species react with nanotube sidewalls and in such way carboxylic and hydroxylic groups are covalently bonded to the sidewalls of SWCNTs. Thermogravimetric analysis was used to estimate the total amount of covalently bonded groups. The highest ratio of covalently bonded groups appears in nanotubes irradiated with the 100 kGy dose. Raman spectroscopy proves that the increase in irradiation doses leads to an increase of structural disorder of SWCNTs, presumably in the form of defects in carbon nanotube walls. Examination of ID to IG ratio shows a three times larger degree of structural disorder after the irradiation treatment with 100 kGy. The analysis of carbon nanotube Raman spectra RBM bands determined the presence of both semiconducting and metallic carbon nanotubes after gamma irradiation treatment. These measurements prove that gamma irradiation treatments have a nonselective effect regarding different chirality and therefore conductance of nanotubes. Atomic force microscopy shows a significant carbon nanotube shortening as the effect of gamma radiation treatment. Nanotubes with length between 500 nm and 1 ?m are predominant.

Microbial Decontamination of Honey of Indian Origin Using Gamma Radiation and Its Biochemical and Organoleptic Properties

Gamma radiation is known to inactivate microorganisms in various foods and thus ensures their microbial safety. In the present study, process parameters were standardized for achieving microbial decontamination of honey of Indian origin. Study was also carried out to examine the effect of gamma radiation treatment on the biochemical, antioxidant, antibacterial, and organoleptic attributes of the honey. A 15 kGy dose of gamma radiation was found to be sufficient for complete microbial decontamination of honey including spores, thus improving its microbial safety without affecting the quality attributes.

Effects of gamma radiation treatment and plasticizer on alkaline solid polymer electrolytes

Alkaline solid polymer electrolyte films have been prepared by the solvent-casting method. Gamma radiation treatment and propylene carbonate plastisizer were used to improve the ionic conductivity of the electrolytes at ambient temperature. The structure of the irradiated electrolytes changes from semi-crystalline to amorphous, indicating that the crosslinking of the polymer has been achieved at a dose of 200 kGy. The ionic conductivity at room temperature of PVA/KOH blend increases from 10−7 to 10−3 Scm−1 after the PVA crosslinking and when the plasticizer concentration was increased from 20 to 30%.