Effects Of Various Types Research Articles

Адаптация дрожжей S. cerevisiae Y-503, S. cerevisiae DAW-3а и S. oviformis М-12Х к различным значениям этанола. Твердые питательные среды

The paper considers information on the determinants of the viability of yeast cultures cultivated in the form of gi-ant colonies on solid agar under various conditions of ethanol stress. Yeast strains tends to show higher viability along with slow growth. The effect of various concentrations of ethanol (6, 12, 18 %), glucose (20 %) on the morpho-physiological properties of the yeast S. cerevisiae Y-503, S. cerevisiae DAW-3a and S. oviformis M-12X is revealed. It has been determined that Y-503 and DAW-3a are most resistant to ethanol and osmotic stress. The antagonistic inter-action of several stressors most clearly affected the tolerance of the strains to all positions with “ethanol + glucose”. Phenotypic studies have found that the strains survival strategy in adverse conditions in the form of resistance to potassium tellurite inhibitor (K2TeO3) in Y-503, to a greater extent in M-12X. A need for DAW-3a for inositol, ornithine, and lysine was detected; M-12X – sorbitol, inositol. The strains are unsusceptible to synthetic broad-spectrum antimycotics - ketoconazole and fluconazole. However, antibiotic nystatin inhibited their growth, and a high sensitivity of strain M-12X was noted to a greater extent. A comparative analysis of the morphophysiological parameters of cells and giant colonies of the studied strains determined the advantage of polyploid Y-503 in survival and tolerance to the effects of various types of stress. The results can be applied in scientific research and biotechnology for various purposes, based on the use of stress-resistant S. cerevisiae yeast.

Direct visualization of the photovoltaic effect in a single-junction GaAs cell via in situ electron holography

The nanoscale electric potential distribution in a gallium arsenide single p–n junction cell under artificial illumination, or the photovoltaic (PV) effect, was investigated using in situ electron holography with a transmission electron microscope. A custom-made specimen holder with biasing and illumination capabilities was used for this purpose. To determine the practical potential of the specimen prepared by a focused ion beam (FIB), the thickness of active layers that directly contribute to the PV effect was accurately derived by analyzing the results of in situ biasing electron holography. In situ light-illumination electron holography directly visualized the PV effect in the cell, where the potential difference between the p and n regions decreased with the increase in the intensity of light illumination. Using PV simulations, in conjunction with some reasonable assumptions regarding the practical specimen parameters in the FIB-milled specimen, we can generate a credible explanation of the experimental result. These findings will help to fully understand the PV effect in various types of solar cells, including perovskite and quantum dot cells.

Method for Effectiveness Assessment of Electronic Warfare Systems in Cyberspace

Current electronic warfare (EW) systems, along with the rapid development of information and communication technology, are essential elements in the modern battlefield associated with cyberspace. In this study, an efficient evaluation framework is proposed to assess the effectiveness of various types of EW systems that operate in cyberspace, which is recognized as an indispensable factor affecting modern military operations. The proposed method classifies EW systems into primary and sub-categories according to EWs’ types and identifies items for the measurement of the effectiveness of each EW system by considering the characteristics of cyberspace for evaluating the damage caused by cyberattacks. A scenario with an integrated EW system incorporating two or more different types of EW equipment is appropriately provided to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed framework in cyber electromagnetic warfare. The scenario explicates an example of assessing the effectiveness of EW systems under cyberattacks. Finally, the proposed method is demonstrated sufficiently by assessing the effectiveness of the EW systems using the scenario.

The specialized educational and psychological counseling in inflammatory bowel disease patients - a target or a challenge?

Stress, in its various forms, plays an important role in the development and evolution of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). For patients with IBD, the evidence related to the effects of various types of psychological therapies remains inconclusive. This study aimed to evaluate whether cognitive behavioral therapy, in combination with educational counseling, influenced disease activity and quality of life (QoL) among patients with IBD. We conducted a randomized controlled trial with 60 patients diagnosed with IBD. All patients completed the IBD questionnaire-32 (IBDQ-32) and the Big Five Inventory. Group A (experimental group) received specialized educational and psychological counseling (SEPC), and group B (control group) was treated according to the current medical practice. All patients were reassessed after 12 months. After the SEPC, there was no improvement in disease activity as estimated by fecal calprotectin levels. However, the QoL of patients in group A was significantly improved. The highest mean difference between the initial and final IBDQ scores was found among patients whose main personality trait was openness to experience (48.58±28.80), and the lowest mean difference between these 2 scores was found among patients whose main personality trait was closedness to experience (3.33±2.97, p=0.009). Although there was no improvement in disease activity after the SEPC, this therapy improved patients' QoL in terms of both emotional and social functions, especially among patients whose dominant personality trait was openness to experience or neuroticism.

Combined alginate-humic acid fouling mechanism and mitigation during microfiltration: Effect of alginate viscosity

In membrane-based water and wastewater treatment processes, understanding the interactive effect of various types of organic components on membrane fouling is crucial in order to identify effective fouling mitigation strategies. In this study, the effect of humic acid on alginate filtration was examined under both dead-end and crossflow constant flux microfiltration conditions using low viscosity and medium viscosity alginate as model foulants. The presence of humic acid (100 mg/L) appeared to accelerate alginate fouling under both dead-end and crossflow filtration conditions, following cake layer filtration mechanism (dead-end) and a combined intermittent pore blocking and cake layer filtration mechanism (crossflow) respectively. Under the crossflow filtration condition, the fouling mechanism of the alginate-humic acid mixture was dependent with the permeate flux and alginate nature, e.g., less pore blocking with more cake layer fouling were present at a higher permeate flux during filtration medium viscosity alginate-humic acid mixture. When intermittent relaxation was employed during crossflow filtration, the presence of humic acid could alleviate medium viscosity alginate fouling. This was attributed by a significant shift of irreversible fouling to reversible cake layer fouling, which was readily removed by shear force during relaxation. A comparison of membrane performance during intermittent filtration with periodical flushing using clean water, NaClO (5%), and persulfate (100 mg/L) at 50 °C indicates that high temperature clean water flushing was effective in maintaining membrane performance during filtrating alginate-humic acid complex, which majorly contributed to a reduction of reversible cake layer fouling.

Present Status, Limitations and Future Directions of Treatment Strategies Using Fucoidan-Based Therapies in Bladder Cancer.

Simple SummaryPrognosis of bladder cancer patients is often poor despite various intensive treatments are performed. Therefore, many investigators pay attention to the efficacy of natural product-based treatments to avoid additional adverse events in these patients. Here, we review the anti-cancer effects of fucoidan-based treatments and the protective effects against cancer-related disorders and cisplatin-induced toxicities.Bladder cancer (BC) is a common urological cancer, with poor prognosis for advanced/metastatic stages. Various intensive treatments, including radical cystectomy, chemotherapy, immune therapy, and radiotherapy are commonly used for these patients. However, these treatments often cause complications and adverse events. Therefore, researchers are exploring the efficacy of natural product-based treatment strategies in BC patients. Fucoidan, derived from marine brown algae, is recognized as a multi-functional and safe substrate, and has been reported to have anti-cancer effects in various types of malignancies. Additionally, in vivo and in vitro studies have reported the protective effects of fucoidan against cancer-related cachexia and chemotherapeutic agent-induced adverse events. In this review, we have introduced the anti-cancer effects of fucoidan extracts in BC and highlighted its molecular mechanisms. We have also shown the anti-cancer effects of fucoidan therapy with conventional chemotherapeutic agents and new treatment strategies using fucoidan-based nanoparticles in various malignancies. Moreover, apart from the improvement of anti-cancer effects by fucoidan, its protective effects against cancer-related disorders and cisplatin-induced toxicities have been introduced. However, the available information is insufficient to conclude the clinical usefulness of fucoidan-based treatments in BC patients. Therefore, we have indicated the aspects that need to be considered regarding fucoidan-based treatments and future directions for the treatment of BC.

Effect of Various Types of ENSO Events on Moisture Conditions in the Humid and Subhumid Tropics

Moisture anomaly conditions within humid and subhumid tropics that are associated with different types of El Niño and La Niña phenomena are described and analyzed with a focus on their spatial distribution and seasonal variability. Five dryness indices (Keetch–Byram Drought Index, Weighted Anomaly Standardized Precipitation Index, Standardized Precipitation Index, Palmer Drought Severity Index, and Percent of Normal Precipitation) were derived from ECMWF (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts) fifth generation reanalysis (ERA5) reanalysis and University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR) datasets for the period from 1979 to 2019. Cross-correlation analysis was used to evaluate the relationships between the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and selected dryness indices. To describe the seasonal variability of the ENSO–surface moisture relationships, the composite maps of dryness indices in different seasons were analyzed. The results showed a significant heterogeneity of the ENSO-induced moisture anomaly conditions both within and across various geographical regions. Four main areas in humid and subhumid tropics with the maximum effects of El Niño/La Niña events on the surface moisture conditions were found: Southeast Asia and Australia, Eastern and South Africa, Northeastern and Eastern South America, and Central America. It was shown that the effects of La Niña were usually opposite to those of El Niño, while the responses to the two types of El Niño differed mostly in the moisture anomaly intensity and its spatial patterns.

Influence of anesthesia methods on the immune system of patients with oncological diseases of the abdominal organs

Modern anesthesia, based on the use of halogenated hydrocarbons, nitrogen monoxide, or xenon, cannot fully ensure the interruption of nociceptive impulses at the level of the stem and spinal and subcortical formations, which caused vegetative and metabolic signs related to pain. To prevent the negative effects of pain, additional methods are used, including intraoperative analgesia and regional blockades. This study was conducted to assess the effects of various types of anesthesia, including epidural blockade, on the parameters of the immune system in patients with cancer. A total of 438 patients with malignant neoplasms of the abdominal organs were examined. In these patients, levels of cytokines (such as tumor necrosis-alpha and interleukin-6) and T-lymphocytes of various clusters of differentiation in the blood were measured. Impaired cytokine balance in patients with oncological diseases of the abdominal cavity was accompanied by the formation of suppression of cellular immunity in the postoperative period. Measurements revealed immunosuppression that was largely dependent on the type of anesthesia used. Cellular parameters with the greatest relationship with immunity were preserved during combined anesthesia, including epidural blockade.

A Study of User Activity Patterns and the Effect of Venue Types on City Dynamics Using Location-Based Social Network Data

The main purpose of this research is to study the effect of various types of venues on the density distribution of residents and model check-in data from a Location-Based Social Network for the city of Shanghai, China by using combination of multiple temporal, spatial and visualization techniques by classifying users’ check-ins into different venue categories. This article investigates the use of Weibo for big data analysis and its efficiency in various categories instead of manually collected datasets, by exploring the relation between time, frequency, place and category of check-in based on location characteristics and their contributions. The data used in this research was acquired from a famous Chinese microblogs called Weibo, which was preprocessed to get the most significant and relevant attributes for the current study and transformed into Geographical Information Systems format, analyzed and, finally, presented with the help of graphs, tables and heat maps. The Kernel Density Estimation was used for spatial analysis. The venue categorization was based on nature of the physical locations within the city by comparing the name of venue extracted from Weibo dataset with the function such as education for schools or shopping for malls and so on. The results of usage patterns from hours to days, venue categories and frequency distribution into these categories as well as the density of check-in within the Shanghai and contribution of each venue category in its diversity are thoroughly demonstrated, uncovering interesting spatio-temporal patterns including frequency and density of users from different venues at different time intervals, and significance of using geo-data from Weibo to study human behavior in variety of studies like education, tourism and city dynamics based on location-based social networks. Our findings uncover various aspects of activity patterns in human behavior, the significance of venue classes and its effects in Shanghai, which can be applied in pattern analysis, recommendation systems and other interactive applications for these classes.

The cutaneous effects of long-term use of Dead Sea mud on healthy skin: a 4-week study.

To investigate the effects of various types of Dead Sea mud (DSM) on skin barrier properties over a period of four weeks. The effects of a 4-week application of three types of DSM (as is mud, mud with extra Dead Sea salt, and over the shelf mud) on the barrier properties of normal skin were investigated. Preparations were applied onto forearms of healthy volunteers every other day for 4weeks, and skin hydration, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), melanin, erythema level, skin pH, skin elasticity, dermal thickness, and collagen content were measured at predefined circular areas on subjects' forearms at baseline, week 1, week 2, and week 4 during the treatment phase and on week 5 following a 1-week regression period in which no mud was applied. The use of DSM for 4 weeks was well tolerated with no noticeable changes in TEWL, skin pH, melanin, and erythema levels. A slight firming effect was observed in the forearms treated with salted DSM. Skin hydration was not significantly affected by any type of DSM. However, a slight drying effect of "as is" and "salted" DSM and slight hydration effect of "over the shelf" DSM were observed. This effect could be attributed to the content of DSM rather than to disruption of skin integrity as confirmed by TEWL values. Long-term use of all types of DSM did not compromise the barrier integrity of the skin. This provides dermatologists with needed information on safety of DSM and lack of skin disruption activity upon long-term use.

The Effect of Various Types of Biochar Mixed with Mineral Fertilization on the Development and Ionome of Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Seedlings and Soil Properties in a Pot Experiment

This paper focuses on the agronomic evaluation of a synthetic NPK (N in the form of urea, P and K in the form of phosphate monopotassium) fertilizers blended with four types of pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) wood biochar prepared at different thermal regimes (300 °C, 400 °C, 600 °C and 700 °C). The evaluation of benefits was done based on crop nutritional status and soil fertility. The pot experiment was set up with fertile Haplic Luvisol fertilized with 1.85 g kg−1 of blends of biochar (1.25 g) with urea (310 mg) and KH2PO4 (290 mg), which is equivalent to 500 kg ha−1 (biochar ~67.6%; N ~7.8%; P ~3.6%; K ~4.7%) applied before sowing. Only NPK blends made with biochar containing 75% or 85% carbon increased the biomass of 27-day old wheat seedlings from 12% to 20% in comparison to NPK applied alone. These blends raised the content of Mn and Fe in plants but decreased the contents of Ca and Mg. All the tested mixtures enhanced soil fertility by increasing the content of humic acids. Additionally, the content of potentially phytotoxic phenolic compounds was lower. In general, the addition of biochar to NPK fertilizer did not show a negative effect on crop quality. The overall results of the study suggest that the application of low doses of biochar to synthetic fertilizer can benefit crops and can support soil fertility.

Study protocol for a network meta-analysis of digital-technology-based psychotherapies for PTSD in adults

IntroductionStudies on various types of digital-technology-based psychotherapies (DTPs) have indicated that they are effective for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom relief among adults. The intervention efficacy or effectiveness hierarchy, however,...

Potential the Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) in Feed Formulation for Growth of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)

The utilization of maggot as larvae from black soldier fly is an alternative substitution of fish meal as the primary protein source in fish feed. Maggot is cultivated in 3 different cultivation, the medium used is organic waste, tofu waste, and wheat pollard. The method that used in this research is Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 3 treatments and 3 replication. This study aims to determine the effect of various types of maggot growth media, 1) with maggot biomass parameters, containers, and growing media conditions maggot, 2) then, exact proximate composition, total amino acids content of the prepupae samples were determined. Based on the results of the analysis, each dose of treatment (media) has an influence on the different maggot biomass. The best media treatment results are pollard flour. The proximate analysis showed that BSF larvae had a protein content of 50,88% and also fat content of 15%.

Types of Childhood Maltreatment, Neighborhoods, and Intimate Partner Violence: An Ecological Perspective

ABSTRACT Studies have begun to recognize the multilevel and complex nature of intimate partner violence. Yet, only a small number of studies have looked at the interactive relationship between proximal and community risk factors, including how childhood factors and neighborhood characteristics interact to shape partner violence outcomes. Through an ecological framework, the current study examines the direct and interactive effects of various types of childhood maltreatment and neighborhood context on intimate partner violence. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, this research analyzes whether the effects of childhood victimization on partner violence vary across neighborhood context while considering the role of gender and examining differences in victimization and perpetration. Results from multilevel logistic regressions find that for women, higher levels of residential instability and racial/ethnic heterogeneity increase the effect of maltreatment on intimate partner violence. These effects vary across types of maltreatment and partner violence outcomes. The findings highlight the importance of considering community context in revictimization experiences.

Emotion regulation through bifocal processing of fear inducing and disgust inducing stimuli

BackgroundWe present first-time evidence for the immediate neural and behavioral effects of bifocal emotional processing via visualized tapping for two different types of negative emotions (fear and disgust) in a sample of healthy participants.ResultsIndependent of stimulus type, neural activation in the amygdala is increased during regulation, while activation in the ventral anterior cingulate cortex is decreased. Behavioral responses, as well as lateral and medial occipital regions and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex show differential regulatory effects with respect to stimulus type.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that emotion regulation through bifocal processing has a neural and behavioral signature that is distinct from previously investigated emotion regulation strategies. They support theoretical models of facilitated access to and processing of emotions during bifocal processing and suggest differential neural and behavioral effects for various types of negative emotions.

Effect of dispersant types on the rheological and mechanical properties of oil well cement paste with nanosilica

This work evaluated the effect of various types of dispersants on rheological and mechanical properties of nanosilica filled cementitious composites. Three oil well cement dispersants, acetone formaldehyde sulfite (AFS), polycarboxylate (PC) and amphoteric polycarboxylate (APC) with various dosages (0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5% by weight of cement) were utilized to investigate the performance and working mechanism of dispersant in cementitious composites containing nanosilica. Results show that nanosilica adversely affects the rheological properties of cementitious materials, while PC and APC dispersants improve the rheological performance in comparison to AFS dispersant. Besides, cement hydration and microstructure for cement with various dispersants were characterized by Isothermal Calorimeter, X-ray Diffractometer, Thermal Gravimetry and Scanning Electron Microscopy. The PC dispersant with numerous carboxyl groups exhibits retardation of cement hydration, which shows a negative impact on the development of early compressive strength of set cement. The introduction of cationic groups in APC dispersant enhances its dispersion ability and alleviates the retardation from carboxylic groups in PC dispersants, which ensures better dispersion of nanosilica and cement particles and hence better mechanical properties. And all dispersants improve the compactness and microstructure of set cement due to uniform dispersion of nanosilica in cement, and hence advance the development of mechanical properties of nanosilica filled cementitious composites.

FEATURES OF OCCLUSAL THERAPY IN FUNCTIONAL DISORDERS OF TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINTS

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunctions are known as being highly prevalent, having multifactorial etiology, progressive course, and high recurrence rate. This combination of features typical of this pathology places it among pressing medical issues nowadays. The variety of concepts and approaches to the analysis of the etiopathogenesis of TMJ dysfunction causes a particular interest in both highly informative diagnostic techniques and functional methods of treatment. A complex pathological morphofunctional syndrome involving parafunctions of masticatory muscles, dysfunctional TMJ states and occlusal disorders ultimately leads to deformation and a low functional disproportion in the TMJ kinetics. The work analyzes the reports on the research of various occlusal splints, and in particular, the mechanism of their action, classification of their effectiveness in various types of TMJ disorders, advantages, and disadvantages of splints, as well as materials used for their manufacturing. It is important to emphasize that the choice of the optimal therapeutic approach to internal TMJ disorders should be chosen taking into account the position of the mandibular condyle, the nature of the articular disk displacement, the presence or absence of pain, its possible causes, and concomitant local and general aggravating factors. The study was performed as a part of the research project of the Department of Orthopaedic Dentistry, Danylo Halytskyi Lviv National Medical University.

Metformin inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition of oral squamous cell carcinoma via the mTOR/HIF-1α/PKM2/STAT3 pathway.

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) serves an important role in the formation and development of various types of cancer, including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Metformin, used for treating type 2 diabetes, has been revealed to exert an anticancer effect in various types of cancer, including liver, breast and colorectal cancer. However, its role in the EMT of OSCC has been rarely reported. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of metformin on EMT and to identify its underlying mechanism in OSCC. Firstly, EMT was induced in CAL-27 cells using CoCl2. Subsequently, the effects of metformin on cell viability, migration and xenograft growth were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR was performed to detect the expression levels of E-cadherin, vimentin, snail family transcriptional repressor 1, mTOR, hypoxia inducible factor 1α, pyruvate kinase M2 and STAT3. The results demonstrated that metformin abolished CoCl2-induced cell proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT. Moreover, metformin reversed EMT in OSCC by inhibiting the mTOR-associated HIF-1α/PKM2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Overall, the present findings characterized a novel mechanism via which metformin modulated EMT in OSCC.

Lubricant Selection and Post Forming Material Characterization in Incremental Sheet Forming

Single Point Incremental Forming (SPIF) is a flexible, novel and rapid sheet forming process to deform extra thin to the thick sheet with the help of computer numerical control unit, hemispherical tool and fixture. A tool follows a series of small incremental steps which deforms the sheet into the desired shape. Despite of recent development occurred in past, the little literature was reported which investigate the effect of various types of lubricants in SPIF process. This study aims to address the distinct type of lubricant to accomplish better surface roughness and formability of final parts while incremental forming of aluminium 5052 H32 sheets. After the forming process, the fractographies of the specimen were studied at optimal condition. The study is also extended to determine residual stresses generated due to incremental deformation and its effect on corrosion phenomenon with the environment. It has been found that the fracture zone material is likely to corrode more rapidly due to increased plastic deformation than the material at initial and middle forming zones.

Analysis of the efficiency of the methods of intensification under the set conditions

The object of research is the well stimulation processes, namely acid treatments. The studies carried out are based on the influential acids on the productive formation, which is represented by limestone, on an increase in well production, a decrease in water cut, the duration of the effect, and additional production. The main hypothesis of research is the assumption that the effectiveness of stimulation methods is determined by the change in flow rates and water cut of wells before and after the treatments. This method of evaluating the effectiveness allows to determine the fundamental possibility and prospects of using one or another type of impact on the bottomhole formation zone (BFZ). Regression analysis to identify the influence of geological, physical and technological factors on the efficiency of stimulation in wells is considered. Equations are shown that describe the quantitative influence of each of the considered geological and technological factors on the efficiency of well treatments. The obtained equations make it possible to select the optimal conditions for well stimulation for the given conditions in order to achieve the planned efficiency. The sequence of changes in the studied parameters characterizes the effectiveness of various types of impact on the BFZ. However, this method does not allow determining the quantitative effect of a specific geological-physical or technological factor on the efficiency of well stimulation. In the case of two-stage treatments on high-water-cut wells, the number of parameters on which the effectiveness of the entire measure may depend, increases several times. In this case, in order to identify the degree of influence of one factor or another on the efficiency of well treatment, it is possible to determine after carrying out multivariate statistical analysis and building mathematical models. It was found that both the increase in production rate and the volume and pressure of acid injection play an important role in the treatment of carbonate rocks with hydrochloric acid. But the most important role is played by the degree of water cut. In this paper it was suggested to use a more complex stimulation method, which will simultaneously reduce the water cut and increase the well flow rate.