Effect Of Ultrasonic Treatment Research Articles

Effect of ultrasonic treatment on the surface roughness and floatability of magnesite and dolomite

This study focuses on the effects of ultrasonic treatment on the surface roughness, flotation behavior, and flotation separation efficiency of magnesite and dolomite in a sodium oleate (NaOL) system. Flotation experiments show that ultrasonic treatment improves the flotation recovery and separation efficiency of these two minerals. We can achieve flotation separation of magnesite and dolomite using 4-mg/L sodium hexametaphosphate. After ultrasonic treatment, magnesite and dolomite achieved flotation recovery of 93.41% and 25.12%, respectively, with a float difference of 68.29%. Atomic force microscopy reveals that ultrasonic treatment increases the surface roughness of both magnesite and dolomite, but the increase is greater for the former. Adsorption capacity tests and contact angle measurements indicate that ultrasonic treatment increases the adsorption capacity of the minerals for NaOL as well as their contact angles in the NaOL system and promotes their flotation. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveals that ultrasonic treatment increases the content of Mg exposed on the magnesite surface and contents of Ca and Mg exposed on the dolomite surface. NaOL is more easily adsorbed on the surface of ultrasonically treated magnesite than on the surface of dolomite. Turbidity analysis reveals that the turbidity of the mixed ore of ultrasonically treated magnesite and fine-grained dolomite is lower than that of the mixed ore of untreated magnesite and fine-grained dolomite; the covering effect of fine-grained dolomite on the surface of ultrasonically treated magnesite is stronger than on the surface of untreated magnesite. Scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analyses show that fine-grained dolomite undergoes mud covering on the magnesite surface. Ultrasonic treatment not only improves the covering of fine-grained dolomite on the magnesite surface but also affects the form of this covering.

Effects of ultrasonic treatment on the microstructures and hardening of Al-Cu-Mg-Ag alloys

The influence of ultrasonic treatment (UT) on the microstructure morphology and hardness of Al-Cu-Mg-Ag alloy is systematically investigated by a combination of electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) analysis. Our results show that the hardness of as-cast and T6-tempered alloys becomes higher by UT. TEM analysis indicates that UT greatly accelerates the precipitation of θ precipitates and prohibits its rapid coarsening during exposing at 225°C. This positive effect is ascribed to the combined results of the increasing Cu content in matrix, reduced dendritic segregation and more uniform distribution of Cu solutes by UT. Besides, UT is found to affect the precipitation kinetics of Ω phase because the higher number density of Ω plates is detected in UT alloys. This feature ensures a greater precipitation strengthening contribution to hardening in T6-termperd alloy with UT. Although the grain sizes of as-cast and T6-tempered alloys are reduced by UT, the grain boundary strengthening effect is very limited in UT alloys. This work also reveals that the solute content within the matrix increases by UT and therefore favors a stronger solid solution strengthening effect, leading to the higher hardness of as-cast UT alloys. After exposing at 225°C for 100 h, all the T6-tempered alloys with and without UT exhibit a similar hardness despite the exposed microstructures exhibit clear differences. The absence of the enhanced hardening by UT in exposed alloys is arising from the fact that Ω and θ precipitates significantly coarsen during exposing.

Improvement of physicochemical properties and quercetin delivery ability of fermentation-induced soy protein isolate emulsion gel processed by ultrasound

This study aimed to investigate the effects of ultrasonic treatment at different powers on the physicochemical properties, microstructure and quercetin delivery capacity of fermentation-induced soy protein isolate emulsion gel (FSEG). The FSEG was prepared by subjecting soy protein isolate (SPI) emulsion to ultrasonic treatment at various powers (0, 100, 200, 300, and 400 W), followed by lactic acid bacteria fermentation. Compared with the control group (0 W), the FSEG treated with ultrasound had higher hardness, water holding capacity (WHC) and rheological parameters. Particularly, at an ultrasonic power of 300 W, the FSEG had the highest hardness (101.69 ± 4.67 g) and WHC (75.20 ± 1.07 %) (p < 0.05). Analysis of frequency sweep and strain scanning revealed that the storage modulus (G') and yield strains of FSEG increased after 300 W ultrasonic treatment. Additionally, the recovery after creep recovery test significantly increased from 18.70 ± 0.49 % (0 W) to 58.05 ± 0.54 % (300 W) (p < 0.05). Ultrasound treatment also resulted in an increased β-sheet content and the formation of a more compact micro-network structure. This led to a more uniform distribution of oil droplets and reduced mobility of water within the gel. Moreover, ultrasonic treatment significantly enhanced the encapsulation efficiency of quercetin in FSEG from 81.25 ± 0.62 % (0 W) to 90.04 ± 1.71 % (300 W). The bioaccessibility of quercetin also increased significantly from 28.90 ± 0.40 % (0 W) to 42.58 ± 1.60 % (300 W) (p < 0.05). This study enriches the induction method of soy protein emulsion gels and provides some references for the preparation of fermented emulsion gels loaded with active substances.

A Review of Ultrasonic Treatment in Mineral Flotation: Mechanism and Recent Development.

Ultrasonic treatment has been widely used in the mineral flotation process due to its advantages in terms of operational simplicity, no secondary pollutant formation, and safety. Currently, many studies have reported the effect of ultrasonic treatment on mineral flotation and shown excellent flotation performance. In this review, the ultrasonic mechanisms are classified into three types: the transient cavitation effect, stable cavitation effect, and acoustic radiation force effect. The effect of the main ultrasonic parameters, including ultrasonic power and ultrasonic frequency, on mineral flotation are discussed. This review highlights the uses of the application of ultrasonic treatment in minerals (such as the cleaning effect, ultrasonic corrosion, and desulfuration), flotation agents (such as dispersion and emulsification and change in properties and microstructure of pharmaceutical solution), and slurry (such formation of microbubbles and coalescence). Additionally, this review discusses the challenges and prospects of using ultrasonic approaches for mineral flotation. The findings demonstrate that the application of the ultrasonic effect yields diverse impacts on flotation, thereby enabling the regulation of flotation behavior through various treatment methods to enhance flotation indices and achieve the desired objectives.

Effects of Ultrasonic Treatment on Physical Stability of Lily Juice: Rheological Behavior, Particle Size, and Microstructure.

The aim of this study was to investigate the rheological properties, particle size distribution, color change, and stability of lily juice under different ultrasonic treatment conditions (152 W, 304 W, 456 W, 608 W, and 760 W). The results showed that the lily juice exhibited non-Newtonian shear thinning behavior, and the viscosity decreased with the increase in ultrasonic power. Under ultrasonic treatment conditions, there was no significant change in the pH value and zeta potential value of the samples. The content of cloudy value and total soluble solids (TSS) increased gradually. However, both the sedimentation components and centrifugal sedimentation rate showed a downward trend and an asymptotic behavior. In addition, high-power ultrasound changed the color index (L* value decreased, a* value increased), tissue structure, and particle distribution of the sample, and small particles increased significantly. To sum up, ultrasonic treatment has great potential in improving the physical properties and suspension stability of lily juice.

Effects of ultrasonic treatment on the texture quality of aged rice flour

The effects of ultrasonic treatment (UT) on gel texture of fresh and aged rice flour were investigated. There were no significant differences in stickiness and springiness of rice gels between fresh and aged rice flour treated by UT at 100 W for 120 min, and the hardness, chewiness and gumminess of aged rice gel became lower than those of fresh rice, showing that the texture of aged rice gel was significantly improved. The changes of gel texture of aged rice flour could be attributed to the fact that UT effectively promoted starch granule disaggregation, and increased water binding capacity, short-range ordered structure and double helix structure in starch, which may be the intrinsic reason for the improvement of the texture quality of aged rice flour. The results are of great importance for regulating rice product quality and revealing the mechanism of rice aging.

Effects of ultrasonic treatment on the flotation behavior of magnesite and dolomite in a sodium oleate system

The effects of ultrasonic treatment on the flotation behavior of magnesite and dolomite in a sodium oleate system were investigated, and ultrasonic flotation separation tests of magnesite and dolomite mixed ore were conducted. The mechanism through which ultrasonic treatment enhanced the flotation separation of magnesite and dolomite was analyzed via zeta potential analysis, adsorption capacity measurements, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The test results revealed that ultrasonic treatment enhanced the flotation recovery of magnesite and dolomite. Simultaneous ultrasonic treatment and flotation improved the flotation separation efficiency of magnesite and dolomite, with the flotation recovery of magnesite concentrate reaching 91.06%. Moreover, ultrasonic treatment increased the adsorption sites on the mineral surface, facilitating easier binding of the reagent to the mineral. Ultrasonic treatment also weakened the interaction between magnesite and dolomite.

Effect of ultrasound treatment on the performance and segregation of Al–Cu alloy with different Cd contents

By applying ultrasonic treatment to ZL205A aluminum alloy melt containing different Cd contents and then using a tensile test, a scanning electron microscope experiment, and a metallographic experiment, the influence of ultrasonic treatment to ZL205A aluminum alloy melt on the properties of aluminum–copper alloy with different Cd contents in the liquid phase high-temperature region was studied. The effect of ultrasonic treatment on the solidification structure of ZL205A aluminum alloy was investigated. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the form of Cd and the solid solution rate of the aluminum alloy with different Cd contents in ultrasonic-assisted casting. However, the effect of ultrasonic waves on the high-temperature liquid phase of the melt of ZL205A aluminum alloy can effectively reduce the porosity defects in the solidification structure of the casting, refine the solidification structure, and make the structure more uniform. The ultrasonic cavitation effect can promote the formation and uniform distribution of Al–3Ti and improve the nucleation rate, and the effect can continue after heat treatment. This can solve the problem that increasing Cd content in ZL205A greatly reduces the toughness of castings while increasing the strength. The sample with a Cd content of 0.20% and with ultrasonic treatment has the highest strength, the average tensile strength is 475.5 MPa, and the yield strength is 381.75 MPa. However, compared with the conventional casting samples with the same Cd content, the decrease in elongation was significantly reduced.

Study on the effect of ultrasonic treatment for fabricating nodular cast iron with improved mechanical properties

In this paper, a novel ultrasonic treatment technique was proposed in nodular cast iron melt with the aim of improving the microstructure and mechanical properties of nodular cast iron. The effects of ultrasound on the microstructures and properties were investigated by comparing experiments with and without ultrasound. The results showed that compared with the NO UT specimen, the mean equivalent diameter of graphite nodules was reduced by 46% in the UT 105 s specimen, while the mean roundness and nodule count per unit area were increased by 33.9% and 43.6%, respectively. In addition, the ultrasonic treatment of melt could increase the pearlite content, refine the matrix microstructure and reduce the pearlite interlamellar spacing from 392.7 nm to 231.3 nm. Compared with the NO UT specimen, the mechanical properties of the UT specimen were improved significantly, and could up to UTS of 739 MPa, YS of 579 MPa and El of 9.4% in the UT 105 s specimen. In this work, the mechanism of ultrasonic action on nodular cast iron also was discussed in detail.

Effects of Ultrasonic Treatment on Grain Refinement and Gas Removal in Magnesium Alloys

The effects of ultrasonic treatment on grain refinement and hydrogen removal in three kinds of magnesium alloys—Mg-3Ca, Mg-6Zn-1Ca, and AZ80 alloys—were investigated in this study. After ultrasonic treatment, the grains of the magnesium alloys were refined to varying degrees. The degassing effect was characterized by measuring the densities and hydrogen content of ingots. The results indicated that the application of ultrasonic treatment in these magnesium alloys was able to remove hydrogen and obviously refine the microstructure. In this experiment, both the measurement of the density of the ingots and the solid-state hydrogen measurement reflected the degree of degassing. The highest degassing efficiencies were 53.8%, 67.5%, and 34.9% for the Mg-3Ca, Mg-6Zn-1Ca, and AZ80 alloys, respectively. The lowest hydrogen content of the AZ80 alloy reached 8.2 cm3/100 g, and the corresponding tensile strengths were 174 Mpa, 79 Mpa, and 6.2%, which represented increases of 41.5%, 38.6%, and 87.9%, respectively. The cavitation effect and acoustic streaming effect with an appropriate ultrasonic treatment duration resulted in grain refinement, degassing, and the uniform dispersion of second phases. This can significantly improve mechanical properties and provide a basis for industrial production.

Effect of Ultrasonic Treatment on the Physicochemical Properties of Bovine Plasma Protein-Carboxymethyl Cellulose Composite Gel.

In order to improve the stability of bovine plasma protein-carboxymethyl cellulose composite gels and to expand the utilization of animal by-product resources, this study investigated the impact of different ultrasound powers (300, 400, 500, 600, and 700 W) and ultrasound times (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 min) on the functional properties, secondary structure and intermolecular forces of bovine plasma protein-carboxymethyl cellulose composite gel. The results showed that moderate ultrasonication resulted in the enhancement of gel strength, water holding capacity and thermal stability of the composite gels, the disruption of hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions between gel molecules, the alteration and unfolding of the internal structure of the gels, and the stabilization of the dispersion state by electrostatic repulsive forces between the protein particles. The content of α-helices, β-turns, and β-sheets increased and the content of random curls decreased after sonication (p < 0.05). In summary, appropriate ultrasound power and time can significantly improve the functional and structural properties of composite gels. It was found that controlling the thermal aggregation behavior of composite gels by adjusting the ultrasonic power and time is an effective strategy to enable the optimization of composite gel texture and water retention properties.

Effect of ultrasonic treatment on comprehensive properties of (Ti32.5V27.5Zr7.5Nb32.5)0.91Ni0.09 high entropy hydrogen storage alloy

This study verified the effect of ultrasonic treatment (hereinafter referred to as UST) on the comprehensive properties of (Ti32.5V27.5Zr7.5Nb32.5)0.91Ni0.09 high entropy alloy (HEA). The UST refines the interdendritic of (Ti32.5V27.5Zr7.5Nb32.5)0.91Ni0.09 HEA and reduces the content of C14 Laves phase. The increase of BCC/C14 Laves value has an effect on the diffusion of hydrogen atoms, this factor makes the hydrogen absorption amount appear the law of the sample before UST > the sample after UST at low and medium temperature, and the sample before UST < the sample after UST at high temperature. The UST makes the BCC phase at the dendrite become coarse. This factor prolongs the distance for hydrogen atoms to detach from the BCC phase, making the removal of hydrogen atoms difficult.

Fundamentals of Ultrasonic Treatment of Aluminum Alloys

AbstractHigh integrity cast aluminum components require the use of molten metal processing technologies prior to casting. These include processes such as degassing to reduce porosity, filtration to reduce inclusion content, addition of grain refiners to refine the grain structure, and the addition of chemical modifiers to alter the morphology of eutectic phases. Ultrasonic treatment (UST) is a novel processing method through which ultrasonic energy is introduced into molten metal for the purpose of degassing as well as modifying the cast microstructure. To optimize the use and applications of UST, it is necessary to examine the fundamental mechanisms and the limiting values of controlling parameters. The effectiveness of UST to perform a desired application within a molten metal is highly dependent on temperature, volume of liquid metal, and the state of the frequency in use. The mechanisms of ultrasonic energy imparted within molten metal will be discussed as well as the benefits of UST during molten metal processing.

Persian everlasting pea (Lathyrus rotundifolius L.) protein isolate as a potential protein source for food application: Effect of ultrasound‐assisted extraction method on the properties of the protein isolates

AbstractFinding new protein sources and processes comprising targeted functional properties is crucial for the increasing global food demand. In the current paper, a new protein isolate is introduced with potential benefits based on the seeds of Persian everlasting pea (Lathyrus rotundifolius L.). Conventional aqueous extraction for the preparation of protein isolates (CPEP) was compared with pre‐ultrasonic (PUPEP) and ultrasound‐assisted (UAPEP) extractions, and the physicochemical and functional properties of the proteins were investigated. By the implication of ultrasound trials, protein recovery was increased from 49.88% for CPEP to 55.02% and 56.11%, for PUPEP and UAPEP, respectively. According to gel electrophoresis, no major distinction in molecular weight between protein fractions of different samples was perceived and sonication practice did not convert the primary structures of proteins. FTIR results uncovered changes in different extraction modes, implying that ultrasound could transform the secondary structures of the protein. Thermal properties and surface tension were decreased during sonication due to the conformational changes. The results of this study indicated that Persian everlasting pea protein isolate could be considered as a novel source of valuable protein and functional ingredient in the food industry.Practical applicationsThe utilization of plant‐based protein products as sustainable alternatives to animal proteins has been increasing recently. However, compared with animal proteins, plant‐based proteins reveal relatively weak functional properties such as water‐holding capacity and gelation. Therefore, they need to be modified before being incorporated into food products. Ultrasonic treatment is an emerging technology that has many applications in food science and technology, such as increasing the extraction efficiency and improving the physicochemical and functional properties of food ingredients. Lathyrus rotundifolius seeds contain high amounts of protein and can be used as a source of plant‐based protein. The effect of ultrasonic treatment in the study was investigated and confirmed to improve the extraction efficiency and functional properties of Persian everlasting pea protein, which can be used in the food industry.

Study of the influence of ultrasound on the wear resistance of coatings made of composite polymer materials for the shape of architectural and artistic reinforced concrete products

This paper investigates the impact of ultrasound on the physicalmechanical properties and wear resistance of polymeric composite materials and coatings used in architectural-artistic concrete products. The study is motivated by the frequent failure of polymer coatings on the working surfaces of technological equipment. The research focuses on the development of effective thermosetting epoxy polymeric materials with high adhesion and wear resistance properties for use in the working surfaces of architectural-artistic concrete products. The study examines the effect of ultrasonic treatment on the wear resistance of epoxy polymeric composites in contact with concrete. The investigation uses two types of base compositions of the binder. The compositions are filled with various industrial dispersed and fibrous fillers, including graphite, carbon fibers, soot, iron powder, cement, talc, kaolin, glass fiber, PTFE, and high-density polyethylene. The study is significant as it provides insights into the development of effective thermosetting epoxy polymeric materials with high adhesion and wear resistance properties for use in the working surfaces of architectural-artistic concrete products. The results of the study can help improve the efficiency and durability of metal equipment used in the production of concrete products.

The effect of ultrasound on the quality indicators of food raw materials and finished products

The article presents the results of a study of the effect of ultrasonic treatment on changes in the quality of meat.In most of the previous studies on the use of ultrasonic treatment, a positive effect on the quality of meat and meat products was noted. Ultrasonic processing is widespread in accelerating technological processes, improving the functional, technological and structural and mechanical properties of meat.In the course of these studies, meat samples of various animal species were subjected to ultrasound exposure of various durations, after which changes in shear stress, moisture binding capacity and microbiological parameters of pork, beef, mutton and horse meat were determined. As a result, ultrasonic processing has reduced the stress of cutting all types of meat. The optimal duration of ultrasonic treatment has been determined, which increases the moisture binding capacity of meat. As the duration of ultrasonic treatment increased, a decrease in the number of pathogenic microorganisms in meat was observed.Based on the results of these studies, it was concluded that ultrasonic treatment is important for the meat industry, since this method can be used as a non-thermal effect to improve physical, biochemical and microbiological characteristics that increase the quality, safety and increase the shelf life of various meat products.

In situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction analysis of ultrasonically assisted microstructure refinement during laser melting process

This work investigates the effect of ultrasonic treatment (UST) on the microstructure of AA4043 alloy during laser melting process. The study utilizes in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction (SXRD) and postmortem electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) techniques to examine the ultrasonic grain refinement mechanism. The SXRD diffraction patterns exhibit higher continuity of major diffraction rings in the UST-test pattern, indicating a more refined grain structure. The presence of new diffraction spots in the post-test diffraction pattern with UST suggests the breakdown of epitaxial growth of columnar dendrites during solidification. Thermal profiles determined by analyzing the lattice parameter evolution show a faster cooling rate with UST. The inverse pole figures and aspect ratio distribution from EBSD reveal that the UST samples exhibit a refined, more equiaxed grain structure along the weld centerline. UST sample also develops more fine-sized low angle grain boundaries (LAGBs). These features offer better hot-cracking resistance in aluminum alloys.

Sonochemical Synthesis of Copper Borates: Effect of Reaction Conditions on the Characteristic Properties

The effect of ultrasonic treatment on liquid-state production and the characteristic features of synthesized powder were studied in liquid-state conditions. In sonochemical synthesis, the operation parameters of mole ratio, reaction temperature, and time were optimized. The synthesis was achieved in moderate conditions such as mole ratio of copper: sodium: boron (Cu: Na: B) 1:2:1, 70°C and 2.5 minutes. The prepared samples were identified as copper borate (Cu(BO2)2) with the powder diffraction file number "00-001-0472". The reaction yields were also increased from 50% to 71.5% with the modification of the experimental procedure. The specific FT-IR peaks were observed at 1090, 985, 872, 781 and 731 cm-1 band values. In the morphological analyses, the agglomerations of multi-angular particles were seen. The results showed the affirmative effects of the possible use of the ultrasonic treatment on both the practical synthesis and the increase of characteristics.

Investigation of soaking water produced by ultrasound-assisted chickpea soaking process

AbstractThe soaking step of dry pulse products' – e.g. chickpeas' – food processing is a time consuming process. Soaking time can be significantly reduced by ultrasonic treatment or using higher processing temperatures. The effect of ultrasonic treatment can be investigated by examining the soaking water characteristics. Ultrasound-assisted soaking of chickpeas was performed at 25, 35 and 45 °C, respectively. Additionally, control samples were also prepared without ultrasonic treatment at the same temperatures. The dynamics of the fitted curve clearly shows the relationship namely the higher the treatment temperature, the faster the hydration of the raw material for both untreated and treated groups. In contrast to control group, swelling rate of 2.00 – except the group 45 °C – is not achieved during ultrasound-assisted soaking. In case of treated group, the swelling rate was about 1.90 for all temperatures applied. The ANOVA test shows that the color of the ultrasonically treated samples was significantly different compared to the control (F (5;12) = 207.86; P &lt; 0.001). Average dry matter content and °Brix value were significantly higher in the ultrasound treated group compared to the control in case of all temperatures. This may indicate the destructive effect of ultrasound, which may cause more components to dissolve out of the raw material by the end of the soaking process.

Synergistic modification of ultrasound and bamboo leaf flavonoid on the rheological properties, multi-scale structure, and in vitro digestibility of pea starch.

In this study, the effect of ultrasonic treatment (UT), bamboo leaf flavonoid (BLF), ultrasonic treatment prior to bamboo leaf flavonoid (UT-BLF), and bamboo leaf flavonoid prior to the ultrasonic treatment (BLF-UT) on the rheological properties, multi-scale structure, and digestibility of pea starch (PS) were investigated. The morphology and crystal structure of starch granules were destroyed by UT, thereby promoting starch retrogradation and digestion. The binding between BLF and starch through hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonds inhibited the interaction between starch molecular chains and impaired their double helix structure, thus effectively retarding starch retrogradation. The anti-digestibility of starch was enhanced after synergistic treatment. Compared with single treatment, synergistic treatment increased the ordered structure and gelatinization enthalpy of starch. In comparison with the UT-BLF group, the viscoelastic and thermal stability of BLF-UT group were improved with the increase in ordered structure. This study could provide valuable information for PS modification.