Effect Of Ultrasonic Treatment Research Articles

Effect of ultrasonic treatment of the melt on the strength and the rate of bioresorption of Mg – 4 Zn – 1 Ca alloys for medical applications

Effect of ultrasonic treatment of the melt on the strength and the rate of bioresorption of Mg – 4 Zn – 1 Ca alloys for medical applications

Ultrasonic Treatment Enhances the Antioxidant and Immune-Stimulatory Properties of the Polysaccharide from Sinopodophyllum hexandrum Fruit.

We aimed to assess the potential of ultrasonic treatment on the processing of polysaccharides as functional foods or food additives. The polysaccharide from Sinopodophyllum hexandrum fruit (SHP, 52.46 kDa, 1.91 nm) was isolated and purified. SHP was treated with various levels of ultrasound (250 W and 500 W), resulting in the formation of two polysaccharides, SHP1 (29.37 kD, 1.40 nm) and SHP2 (36.91 kDa, 0.987 nm). Ultrasonic treatment was found to reduce the surface roughness and molecular weight of the polysaccharides, leading to thinning and fracturing. The effect of ultrasonic treatment on polysaccharide activity was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. In vivo experiments showed that ultrasonic treatment improved the organ index. Simultaneously, it enhanced the activity of superoxide dismutase, total antioxidant capacity, and decreased the content of malondialdehyde in the liver. In vitro experiments demonstrated that ultrasonic treatment also promoted proliferation, nitric oxide secretion, phagocytic efficiency, costimulatory factors (CD80+, CD86+) expression, and cytokine(IL-6, IL-1β) production of RAW264.7 macrophages.

Bulk Ultrasonic Treatment of Crystalline Materials

Ultrasound is widely used in the treatment of materials. Its applications in melt processing, surface hardening or finishing, metal forming, welding, etc., are well known and have been reviewed in numerous review articles and books. Among ultrasound-assisted processes, the direct action of ultrasonic waves on the structure and properties of bulk materials is of special interest. Ultrasonic waves induce oscillating shear stresses in materials which exert mechanical forces on crystal lattice defects, primarily on dislocations, which can yield a number of interesting effects on the structure and properties of crystals. The present paper aims to review studies on the effects of ultrasonic treatment (UST) on crystalline materials. First, the methods for the excitation of standing ultrasonic waves in bulk samples of materials are analyzed. Then, early studies on the effect of UST on the dislocation structure and phase composition, hardness and strength of materials with different initial structures are analyzed. An emphasis is then made on the influence of UST on the structure and mechanical properties of advanced ultrafine-grained (UFG) metals and alloys processed by severe plastic deformation (SPD). The results of simulations of ultrasound’s effect on the dislocation and atomic structures of materials by dislocation and molecular dynamics methods are also reviewed.

Mathematical Modeling and Optimization of Ultrasonic Pre-Treatment for Drying of Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata)

Innovations in food drying processes are usually aimed at reducing drying time and improving the overall properties of dried products. These are important issues from an economic and environmental point of view and can contribute to the sustainability of the whole process. In this study, the effects of ultrasonic treatment on the drying kinetics of pumpkin pulp are investigated, and mathematical models to predict the drying kinetics are analyzed and optimized. The results show that ultrasonic pretreatment significantly reduces drying time from 451 to 268 min, with optimal processing parameters at 90% of the maximum ultrasonic power and a processing time of 45 min. The total color change of the samples was the lowest at the obtained optimal processing parameters. Based on the values (RMSE and R2) of the investigated mathematical drying models, it was found that the Weibull model is the best fit for the experimental data and is considered suitable for the drying kinetics of ultrasonically pretreated pumpkin samples. In this study, an artificial neural network with 15 neurons in hidden layers was also used to model the drying process in combination with ultrasound pretreatment. The network had a performance of 0.999987 and the mean square error was 8.03 × 10−5, showing how artificial neural networks can successfully predict the effects of all tested process variables on the drying time/moisture ratio.

Effect of Ultrasonic Treatment on the Properties of High-Paraffin Low-Resin Oil, Sediments, and Raffinates

Effect of Ultrasonic Treatment on the Properties of High-Paraffin Low-Resin Oil, Sediments, and Raffinates

Effect of Ultrasonic Treatment on the Characteristics of Model Emulsion Systems Based on High-Protein Vegetable Raw Materials

Effect of Ultrasonic Treatment on the Characteristics of Model Emulsion Systems Based on High-Protein Vegetable Raw Materials

Insight into the mechanism of enhancing myofibrillar protein gel hardness by ultrasonic treatment combined with insoluble dietary fiber from oat

The present study investigated the effects of ultrasonic treatment combined with insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) from oat on gelation and structural characteristics of myofibrillar protein (MP). Ultrasonic treatment combined with IDF promoted the deployment of the MP chain and significantly increased (P < 0.05) the solubility of MP. The samples treated with 120 W of ultrasonic power combined with IDF (U120 + IDF) formed a more continuous and dense gel microstructure, resulting the water-holding capacity (WHC) reached maximun values of 0.88 g/g. Moreover, compared with the U80 and U120 groups, MP treated by 80 W of ultrasonic power combined with IDF (U80 + IDF) and U120 + IDF groups had a higher β-sheet content of 46% and 40%, respectively. The gel hardness and chewiness of the U120 + IDF group reached maximum values of 2.14 N and 7.09 mJ, respectively. Ultrasonic treatment combined with IDF enhanced the texture and WHC of MP gel by expanding the secondary structure and increasing protein solubility. In conclusion, the U120 + IDF group had the highest value of gel hardness, chewiness, and a three-dimensional network structure.

Effect of ultrasonic treatment on grain refinement and mechanical properties of Al-2Mg alloy

ABSTRACTIn the present study, to achieve grain refinement and enhance the mechanical properties of Al-2Mg alloy, ultrasonic treatment (UT) has been applied to the melt. The effects of this treatment on the microstructure, porosity alleviation, and mechanical properties of Al-2Mg have been thoroughly investigated. A microstructure study of the Al-2Mg UT alloy has revealed a noteworthy enhancement in grain refinement, resulting in a 3-to-4-fold reduction in grain size as compared to a non-UT Al-2Mg alloy. After UT, the yield tensile strength, the ultimate tensile strength, and the microhardness of Al-2Mg alloy are increased by 21%, 34%, and 36% respectively, with a large improvement of 143% in the ductility.

Enhancing Yields and Antioxidant Activities of Caraway Seeds Essential Oil by Ultrasonic Treatment Combined with Hydro-distillation, and Microwave-assisted Hydro-distillation

This study examined the effects of ultrasonic treatment on the amount and quality of essential oils extracted from caraway seeds using ultrasonic treatment followed by hydro-distillation and ultrasonic treatment followed by microwave-assisted hydro-distillation. Afterward, the obtained results were compared with those of untreated extracts issued from conventional hydro-distillation and microwave-assisted hydro-distillation. The essential oil yields ranged from 1.18 ± 0.09 to 1.36 ± 0.09% w/w, depending on the extraction technique. Analysis by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry showed the presence of 21 compounds in all the extracts. Produced essential oils consisted of 9.65 ± 1.742 % to 18.59 ± 1.377 % monoterpenes hydrocarbons and 77.20 ± 2.847 to 84.60 ± 1.909 % oxygenated monoterpenes. The main components were limonene and carvone, but the amounts of each component depend on the methods. Additionally, the antioxidant activity of caraway seeds essential oils was determined using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assay. The antioxidant ability of the examined oils was moderate, and the USMAHD oil median inhibitory concentration (IC50) value was the lowest. Moreover, a statistical investigation paved the way for a possible correlation between the carvone/limonene ratio and IC50. Consequently, this aspect, which is the potential for improving the extract’s quality by modifying the ratio of the target components known for their high antioxidant effects, made this study novel.

The Effect of Ultrasound Treatment on Oil Agglomeration of Barite

ABSTRACT In this study, the effect of ultrasonic treatment on oil agglomeration of barite ore was investigated. The ultrasound process not only improved the agglomeration efficiency of barite when applied as a pretreatment in the process of oil agglomeration of barite, but also reduced the consumption of oleate and kerosene. On the other hand, the use of only the ultrasonic process, in other words, its use at the agglomeration stage, negatively affected the agglomeration recovery. The power of ultrasound and the time of treatment were also important parameters affecting the agglomeration process of barite, and more successful agglomeration was achieved with short-term ultrasound pretreatment at a low power value (60 W, 120 sec). In addition, depending on the oleate concentration, the ultrasound process further increased the zeta potential of the barite, and this increase showed that the oleate adsorption on the barite surface increased. Moreover, higher contact angle values were obtained with ultrasound than the experiments without ultrasound at the same conditions. However, increasing the power of ultrasound and the time of treatment not only reduced the agglomeration efficiency, but also reduced the contact angle values of the barite. As a result, while the agglomeration recovery was 88.63% without ultrasound, it increased to 99.45% with ultrasonic pretreatment at the same conditions of 40 L/ton kerosene and 2 kg/ton oleate.

Ultrasonic Treatment of Food Colloidal Systems Containing Oleogels: A Review.

The use of oleogels as an alternative to solid fats to reduce the content of saturated and trans-isomeric fatty acids is a developing area of research. Studies devoted to the search for methods of obtaining oleogels with given properties are of current interest. Ultrasonic treatment as a method for modifying oleogel properties has been used to solve this problem. The number of publications on the study of the effect of ultrasonic treatment on oleogel properties is increasing. This review aimed to systematize and summarize existing data. It allowed us to identify the incompleteness of this data, assess the effect of ultrasonic treatment on oleogel properties, which depends on various factors, and identify the vector of this direction in the food industry. A more detailed description of the parameters of ultrasonic treatment is needed to compare the results between various publications. Ultrasonic treatment generally leads to a decrease in crystal size and an increase in oil-binding capacity, rheological properties, and hardness. The chemical composition of oleogels and the concentration of gelators, the amplitude and duration of sonication, the cooling rate, and the crystallization process stage at which the treatment occurs are shown to be the factors influencing the efficiency of the ultrasonic treatment.

Effects of ultrasonic treatment on the surface bacteria of Lyophyllum decastes during storage

This study explores the relationship between the storage quality and bacterial microflora in the mushroom Lyophyllum decastes. The surface bacteria of L. decastes were separated by combining the traditional culture plate separation and 16S rRNA sequencing method, to study the effects of ultrasonic (US) treatment on the surface bacteria of L. decastes during storage. The results demonstrated that Pantoea agglomerans and Pseudomonas fluorescens were among the 15 culturable bacteria isolated with traditional plate method during storage, belonging to 2 phyla and 7 genera. US treatment could inhibit the growth and significantly increase cell membrane permeability, and contents extravasation in P. agglomerans, though its inhibitory effect on P. fluorescens was less. The 16S rRNA sequencing revealed, bacteria from 9 phyla and 35 genera were isolated, and P. fluorescens was the dominant species throughout the storage time. These results indicated that the composition of mushroom surface microflora of Control (CK) and US groups are similar, and the bacterial microflora networks analysis also showed a positive correlation. The KEGG annotation for the functional classification of the bacteria showed that a total of 328 pathways were acquired at the KEGG l3 level, and the relative abundance of membrane transport, amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and energy metabolism pathway was high. Moreover, the relative abundance of the surface bacteria of L. decastes also decreased. Hence, the US treatment had a better bacteriostatic effect, maintained the whiteness index and firmness, and improved the sensory quality of L. decastes during storage.

Combined transcriptome and metabolome analyses reveal the mechanisms of ultrasonication improvement of brown rice germination.

This study investigated the effects of ultrasonication treatment on the germination rate of brown rice. Brown rice grains were subjected to ultrasound (40kHz/30min) and then incubated for 36h at 37°C to germinate the seeds. Ultrasonic treatment increased the germination rate of brown rice by up to ∼28% at 30h. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses were performed to explore the mechanisms underlying the effect of ultrasonic treatment on the brown rice germination rate. Comparing the treated and control check samples, 867 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, including 638 upregulated and 229 downregulated), as well as 498 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs), including 422 up accumulated and 76 down accumulated. Multi-omics analysis revealed that the germination rate of brown rice was promoted by increased concentrations of low-molecular metabolites (carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates, fatty acids, amino acids, peptides, and analogues), and transcription factors (ARR-B, NAC, bHLH and AP2/EREBP families) as well as increased carbon metabolism. These findings provide new insights into the mechanisms of action of ultrasound in improving the brown rice germination rate and candidate DEGs and DAMs responsible for germination have been identified.

Low-frequency ultrasonic treatment: A potential strategy to improve the flavor of fresh watermelon juice.

A molecular sensory science approach was used to explore the effects of ultrasonic treatment on aroma compounds of watermelon juice. Watermelon juice was submitted to ultrasonic power at 325W for 20min. Ultrasonic treatment reduced odor related to cucumber and green descriptors, whilst significantly improved odors related to sweet, floral, and fruity descriptors, thus contributing to the overall flavor of watermelon juice. Compared with untreated watermelon juice, the amount and concentration of volatile compounds in ultrasonicated watermelon juice increased by 82.50% and 111.84%, respectively. Notably, 22 alkene compounds were newly formed in ultrasonicated watermelon juice, which contributed to sweet and fruity aroma of watermelon juice. The findings of the present study suggest that ultrasonic treatment may be a potential method to improve the overall flavor of watermelon juice.

Photocatalytic Degradation of Dye Acid Orange Seven on Titanium Dioxide Photocatalysts Immobilized on Stainless Steel Coated Layers: Role of Catalyst Loading and Ultrasonic Treatment

Supported titanium dioxide (TiO2) was investigated for potential application in photocatalytic degradation of dye acid Orange 7 in textile wastewater. Two commercial powder photocatalysts, Degussa (P25) and Precheza (AV01), were immobilized on stainless steel plates of dimensions (75 mm × 25 mm) through Electrophoretic Deposition Process (EPD) from aqueous colloidal suspensions of n-TiO2, c=10 g.L-1 produced in methanol. Two sets of coated layers were prepared - using ultrasonically treated TiO2 colloidal suspensions and without ultrasonic treatment. The prepared coated layers were fitted onto a four-hole photocatalytic reactor operating under batch-mode conditions. As a source of UV light, Sylvania LynxS, 11W UV lamps emitting light of wavelength between 320-400 nm with maximum wavelength at λ=355 nm was used. The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of ultrasonic treatment on the catalyst’s colloidal suspension and electrophoretic deposition loading (mg/cm2) on its surface area on the resultant photocatalytic degradation of dye Acid Orange 7. The photocatalytic degradation of the dye was monitored by changes in dye absorbance for 120 minutes at an interval of 30 minutes. Changes in dye concentration were determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry at λ = 485 nm. The initial concentration of dye Acid Orange 7 used in the experiments was c=1×10-4 mol. L-1. The findings show that 61.1 % of dye mineralization was achieved after 120 minutes of photocatalytic degradation. The optimum catalytic loading for maximum photocatalytic degradation was determined at 0.75 mg/cm2 for the two commercial powder catalysts - TiO2 (P25/AV01) in ultrasonically treated TiO2 (P25) and non-ultrasonically treated TiO2 (AV01). Ultrasonic treatment of TiO2 (P25) colloidal suspensions before immobilisation positively influenced its photocatalytic activity, whereas ultrasonic treatment negatively affected the photoactivity of TiO2 (AV01). Overall, TiO2 (AV01) proved to be more efficient by 28.6%, compared to TiO2 (P25). The results show the potential application of UV-TiO2 treatment model in the remediation of coloured dye Acid Orange textile wastewater.

Effect of ultrasonic treatment during stir casting on mechanical properties of AA6063-SiC composites

In this work AA6063-Silicon carbide composites were fabricated using conventional stir casting. Agglomeration of reinforcement particles which is a serious drawback in conventional stir casting was attempted to be reduced by applying ultrasonic waves to the composite melt after mechanical stirring. The composites were fabricated with different weight percentages (2,4,6 and 8%) of SiC particles having 10μm average particle size. The mechanical properties of the composites were evaluated for both the cases and were compared to study the influence of ultrasonic waves. It was found that the mechanical properties of the composite increased with increase in the weight percentage of the reinforcement up to 4 wt% SiC and reduced beyond that. The 4 wt% SiC stir cast composite subjected to ultrasonic waves showed 51.17%, 67.52% and 38.31% increase in ultimate tensile strength, yield strength and hardness respectively when compared to the base alloy.

Fabrication of Europium-Doped Barium Titanate/Polystyrene Polymer Nanocomposites Using Ultrasonication-Assisted Method: Structural and Optical Properties.

In the current work, europium-doped barium titanate particles were used as filler material and polystyrene was used as a matrix to fabricate Ba1-3x/2EuxTiO3/PS polymer nanocomposites with x = 0, 0.005, 0.015 and 0.025. A solid-state reaction was used to synthesize filler particles and the solvent evaporation method was used to form polymer nanocomposites. The effects of ultrasonic treatment were also studied in the formation of nanocomposite materials. The quantitative and qualitative studies were conducted using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) characterization techniques. The XRD data and FTIR data confirm the incorporation of filler particles in the polymer matrix. FE-SEM data confirms that the particles are in the nanophase. The optical band gap was directly affected by the filler particles and it started to reduce as Eu concentration started to increase.

Effect of ligand concentration and ultrasonic treatment on inclusion complexes of high amylose corn starch with chia seed oil fatty acids

Chia seed oil is rich in α-linolenic and linoleic fatty acids, which have multiple health benefits but are prone to oxidation due to their high degree of unsaturation. The linear component of starch, amylose, can interact with hydrophobic molecules (ligand) forming amylose inclusion complexes, which may potentially act as delivery systems of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Their physicochemical and functional properties are influenced by the conditions of formation. In the present study, it was investigated the effect of ultrasonic treatment and different ligand/starch ratios (10, 20, and 30% w/w) on the physicochemical properties of inclusion complexes formed between high amylose corn starch and enzymatically hydrolyzed chia seed oil. The increase in ligand/starch ratio, especially from 10 to 20%, yielded complexes with a higher content of α-linolenic acid. The effect of ultrasonic treatment on the acidic composition of complexes depended on the initial ligand concentration. All samples displayed a V-type X-ray diffraction pattern, indicating an effective complexation. Ultrasonically treated complexes showed a higher crystallinity than the untreated ones, suggesting that sonication promoted the fatty acid complexation. All samples displayed the same thermal behavior (Tp > 90 °C, ΔH = 7 J/g) and similar structural properties at the microscopic level. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the untreated complexes formed with a 10% ligand/starch ratio effectively protected hydrolyzed chia seed oil from oxidative deterioration, suggesting an appropriate behavior as potential carrier agents of fatty acids from chia seed oil in food.

Microstructural Refinement of As-Cast Al–Mg Alloy by Ultrasonic Melt Treatment Using a Titanium Sonotrode under Fully Liquid Condition

The effects of ultrasonic treatment (UST) using a titanium (Ti) sonotrode in a fully liquid stage on the grain refinement and mechanical properties of as-cast Al–Mg alloy billets were investigated. To clarify the grain refinement mechanism, the grain size (GS) and dendrite arm spacing (DAS) were examined as functions of the growth restriction factor (Q) dependent on the Ti dissolution from the sonotrode, and compared to those in the as-cast and re-melted states of the samples inoculated using an Al–10 mass%Ti master alloy. In addition, the formation and dissolution behavior of Al3Ti intermetallic particles acting as a heterogeneous nuclei was indirectly observed by measuring the electrical resistivity during isochronal annealing. In comparison with the chemical refiner inoculation, the UST effectively refined not only the GS but also the DAS, both of which showed similar slightly concave upward curves with an increasing slope against 1/Q. Electrical resistivity measurement results provided indirect evidence that the dissolved Ti was present as a solute during the solidification stage. The GS, DAS, and electrical resistivity results all suggest that the dissolved Ti refined the GS primarily by solute-induced growth restriction effect rather than by providing heterogeneous nucleation sites. The UST effect on the microstructure refinement was efficient when the Ti-dissolution content was as low as less than 0.05 mass%. The refinement of grains, Al3Fe particles, dendrites, and pores by the UST significantly improved mechanical properties, especially the elongation at break.

Effect of ultrasonic non-thermal sterilization on the volatile components of pumpkin juice

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of ultrasonic treatment on the aroma profile of pumpkin juice. Samples were treated according to the experimental design, with a numerically controlled ultrasonic instrument at an ultrasound frequency of 45 kHz under various conditions (treatment times of 10, 20, and 30 min, sample temperature of 25(± 2)∘C, and powers of 180, 240, and 300 W). The aromatic profiles of pumpkin juice showed that a total of 52 volatile components were detected in the 10 groups of pumpkin juices, including 16 alcohols, 11 alkane olefins, 6 aldehydes, 4 ketones, 4 esters, and 11 others. Alcohol compounds had the highest content among all volatile compounds; the most abundant were 1-Octen-3-ol, (E, Z)-3, 6-Nonadien-1-ol, 1-hexanol, and (Z) -3-Nonen-1-ol. Compared to the untreated samples of juices, ultrasonic treatment leads to the formation of new compounds or the disappearance of compounds found in the untreated samples. The findings presented in this study provide a deeper understanding of the application of ultrasound to enhance the volatile components of pumpkin juice.