Effects Of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Research Articles

Enhancing the Production of Eco-Friendly Silk Fabrics through the Application of Nonthermal Plasma Wettability Techniques.

The combination of the effects of nonthermal plasma using atmospheric pressure of plasma jet and the photocatalytic effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles was used to study the plasma flow modes, electrical characteristics, nonthermal characteristics, antimicrobial measurements, and surface modifications. Using different wettabilities of argon discharges in a laminar flow: (i) wet I, wettability with 2.4 slm argon mixture with oxygen ratio O2, equivalent to 15 mslm (Ar/O2), and (ii) wet II, wettability (Ar/O2) mixture combined with titanium dioxide, to accelerate the inactivation process on the nonwoven fabric surface. For wet 0, wet I, and wet II discharges, the average rate of heat transfer to the nonwoven silk fabric increased significantly. Specifically, it goes from 104.6 to 118.6 and then to 241.7 mW, respectively. The kinetic deactivation rate of Escherichia coli increases starting at 0.20, then going up to 0.32, and finally reaching 0.57 min-1. The increased wettability of the TiO2 photocatalyst results in an enhanced bactericidal rate, which is caused by both the heat impact from the nonthermal jet and potentially photocatalytic disinfection, leading to the generation of active species. The mechanical parameters owing to different wettabilities and plasma interactions with the fabric membrane were tested for the treated samples, such as stiffness, ultimate yield strength, tensile strength, strain, hardening, elongation, resilience, and toughness.

Dose-Related Effects of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles on the Cerebellar Cortex of Adult Male Albino Rats and the Possible Neuroprotection of β-carotene: A Biochemical and Histological Study

Dose-Related Effects of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles on the Cerebellar Cortex of Adult Male Albino Rats and the Possible Neuroprotection of β-carotene: A Biochemical and Histological Study

Physiological and agronomical traits effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in seedlings of Solanum lycopersicum L

BackgroundTitanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) have been reported to have contrasting effects on plant physiology, while their effects on sugar, protein, and amino acid metabolism are poorly understood. In this work, we evaluated the effects of TiO2 NPs on physiological and agronomical traits of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) seedlings. Tomato seeds were treated with TiO2 NPs (1000 and 2000 mg L− 1), TiO2 microparticles (µPs, 2000 mg L− 1) as the size control, and ultrapure water as negative control.ResultsThe dry matter of stems (DMs), leaves (DMl) and total dry matter (DMt) decreased as particle concentration increased. This trend was also observed in the maximum quantum yield of light-adapted photosystem II (PSII) (Fv´/Fm´), the effective quantum yield of PSII (ΦPSII), and net photosynthesis (Pn). The concentrations of sugars, total soluble proteins, and total free amino acids were unaffected, but there were differences in the daily dynamics of these compounds among the treatments.ConclusionOur results suggest that treating tomato seeds with TiO2 might affect PSII performance, net photosynthesis and decrease biomass production, associated with a concentration- and size-related effect of TiO2 particles.

Fast multispectral imaging analysis as phenotyping platform: Effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on microalgae physiology

Several types of nanoparticles have been developed and explored in agricultural applications and their environmental impact evaluated. However, no such study was carried out using fully dispersible ultrasmall titanium dioxide nanoparticles (us-TiO2). Therefore, we investigate the effects of fully dispersible 2.5 nm large us-TiO2 nanoparticles on the cellular metabolism of the microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii using multispectral imaging analysis as a platform for the evaluation of their physiological responses. Our results indicate that us-TiO2 modulates the microalgae cell growth in a concentration-dependent manner. X-ray fluorescence analysis showed that the us-TiO2 strongly interacts with the cells in relatively low and constant amounts in the range of 0.05 g·L−1 to 1.5 g·L−1. Most nanoparticles were found on the cell surface, surrounding the microalgae cells dispersed in TAP medium, indicating a low trend of internalization. We further applied multispectral imaging analyses toward fast phenotyping of the alterations in the cell's physiology. Furthermore, higher concentrations of us-TiO2 (~1 g·L−1) positively affect the microalgae photosynthetic activity and growth. Thus, our results indicated the capacity to detect variations in cell physiology and indicated a possible role of us-TiO2 in modulating positively microalgae photosynthesis and growth in a concentration-dependent way. The mechanisms controlling such responses must be further investigated.

Combined effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles and bisphenol-A on freshwater algae Scenedesmus obliquus, and the importance of humic acid in reducing toxicity

Combined effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles and bisphenol-A on freshwater algae Scenedesmus obliquus, and the importance of humic acid in reducing toxicity

Evaluation of the antibacterial effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticles combined with acrylic laminates for functional orthodontic appliances: a randomized controlled clinical trial

BackgroundThe objective of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticles incorporated into the acrylic baseplates of the maxillary part of twin block appliances in orthodontic patients during the treatment period.Materials and methodsTwenty-six patients were selected randomly and divided into two groups(n = 13). Test group patients used orthodontic functional appliances containing 1% titanium dioxide nanoparticles in acrylic baseplates. Control group patients used orthodontic functional appliances without titanium dioxide nanoparticles in acrylic baseplates. Swap samples were taken from the palatal gingiva facing the fitting surface of the acrylic component of the maxillary part of a twin block appliance for each patient at five-time intervals (baseline sample, after one, two, four, and six months) and then cultured in blood agar plates to calculate bacterial colony count. The Mann‒Whitney U test and the Friedman test were used to compare data. Bonferroni correction (p value ≤ 0.05) was applied to detect significant differences.The resultsshowed a decrease in the bacterial colony count in the test group compared to the control group. Pairwise comparisons revealed a statistically significant difference in samples after four- and six-month groups (p values = 0.002 and 0.011, respectively) vs. the one-month test group. A higher statistically significant difference was observed in the six-month group (p-value = 0.037) vs. the baseline group in the control group.ConclusionThe addition of 1% titanium dioxide nanoparticles to acrylic baseplates of orthodontic functional appliances significantly reduced the bacterial colony count under the base plate after at least four months of application.

Toxicity spectrum and detrimental effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles as an emerging pollutant: A review

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles have wide industrial –applications, due to their enhanced mechanical, physical, optical and electrical properties. TiO2-based nanomaterials are extensively used in different industries for example paper, semiconductors, paint, food, cosmetics, water purification and textile. Besides its multiple applications in different domains of life, TiO2 has been reported for its hazardous effect on ecosystems, specifically on humans and mammals. The human body may be exposed to TiO2 NPs by three pathways i.e., oral, dermal and intra-gastric pathways and get accumulated in different parts of the body like the spleen, alimentary tract, central nervous system, liver, kidney, reproductive system, cardiac muscles and may form agglomerates with other mammalian cells. Additionally, these NPs may cross blood brain barrier and induce apoptosis in human hippocampal neurons. These NPs also show genotoxic effects that might leads towards the apoptosis and chromosomal instability. It has been observed experimentally that the cytotoxic effects of TiO2 depend on their size, shape, type and rate of consumption. This paper provides comprehensive information regarding hazardous effects reported for TiO2 NPs on living organisms (animals and humans). This information will be supportive for understanding the spectrum of toxicity associated with the NPs that will be helpful in deciding the fate of TiO2 NPs.

Effects of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles against Salt and Heat Stress in Safflower Cultivars

Effects of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles against Salt and Heat Stress in Safflower Cultivars

Investigating the effects of TiO2 nanoparticles on the barrier inhomogeneity of brilliant-blue fruit dye-base solar cell

This study aims to investigate the effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on the barrier inhomogeneity of a brilliant-blue dye-based solar cell. The cell has been prepared by spin-coating technique. The barrier inhomogeneity was characterized by measuring the cell's current-voltage-temperature (I-V-T) characteristics. The results show that the incorporation of TiO2 nanoparticles leads to a significant reduction in the barrier inhomogeneity of the cell, which results from the improvement of charge injection at the junction. This improvement can be attributed to the role of TiO2 nanoparticles in reducing surface defects and improving the charge injection at the interface. Also, we have investigated the change in the Richardson constant. The homogeneous Richardson constant was found to be 81.63 × 10−7 Am−2K−2 for the dye and the value was modified to 22.85 × 10−7 Am−2K−2 by incorporation of nanoparticles. This illustrates that by the doping of nanoparticles modifies barrier inhomogeneity, resulting in enhanced conductivity.

The effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on cadmium bioaccumulation in ramie and its application in remediation of cadmium-contaminated soil

Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy metal contaminant in agricultural soils. Phytoremediation using hyperaccumulator plants is a promising remediation strategy. This study investigated the effects of TiO2 NPs on Cd uptake and accumulation in the hyperaccumulator ramie (Boehmeria nivea L.) grown in Cd-spiked soil. The aim was to evaluate the potential application of TiO2 NPs to enhance the phytoextraction efficiency of ramie for removing Cd from contaminated soils. Ramie was cultivated in soil spiked with 5 mg/kg Cd, with or without 500 mg/kg TiO2 NPs. The results showed TiO2 NPs significantly increased Cd concentrations in roots, stems, and leaves of ramie by 35%, 75%, and 278% respectively, compared to control plants. Cd levels reached 146 mg/kg in roots and 102 mg/kg in leaves with TiO2 NPs. The bioconcentration factor rose from 21.6 to 29.2 and translocation factor from 0.3 to 0.7 with nanoparticles. This indicates TiO2 NPs increased Cd bioavailability in soil and translocation to shoots. The higher Cd accumulation, especially in leaves, demonstrates the potential of TiO2 NPs to improve ramie's phytoextraction capacity. With TiO2 NP treatment, soil Cd levels decreased by an estimated 20–30% after 8 weeks of ramie cultivation, indicating enhanced phytoextraction. This study provides evidence that the application of TiO2 NPs can enhance the efficiency of phytoremediation using hyperaccumulator plants like ramie for remediation of Cd-contaminated soils.

Enhanced electrical conductivity and charge conduction mechanisms in Nano-cubical Sunset Yellow dye incorporated with titanium dioxide nanoparticles

This manuscript focuses on the investigation of the effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticles doping on the electrical conductivity of Nano-cubical Sunset Yellow Dye. The successful preparation of the composite was confirmed through XRD analysis, and EDX analysis verified the composite's composition. DC conductivity measurements revealed two conduction mechanisms with activation energies of 0.683 eV and 0.466 eV for the dye without NPs at low and high-temperature regions, respectively, and 0.532 eV and 0.351 eV for the same regions in the presence of NPs. AC conductivity analysis showed single polaron hopping as the dominant charge conduction mechanism for both devices. The device with the dye-NP composite exhibited lower activation energy and improved conductivity compared to the dye-only device. The composite also displayed a higher density of localized states, and by incorporation of NPs reduced the hopping length, contributing to the enhanced conductivity of the composite device.

Evaluation of the cytotoxic effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in human embryonic lung cells

Evaluation of the cytotoxic effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in human embryonic lung cells

Effect of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles on Surfactants and Their Impact on the Interfacial Properties of the Oil-Water-Rock System.

The application of nanoparticles (NPs) in the oil and gas industry has received wide attention in recent years because it is increasingly being considered a promising approach to recovering trapped oil in conventional hydrocarbon reservoirs. Numerous studies have demonstrated that combining nanoparticles with a surfactant can enhance surfactant performance by changing the interfacial properties of the solution when it comes in contact with crude oil and rock surfaces. However, more information and additional experimental data are required concerning the application of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in alkyl ethoxy carboxylic surfactants. In this study, we measure the changes in interfacial tension and wettability due to the addition of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (0, 100, 250, and 500 ppm) in alkyl ethoxy carboxylic surfactant using a spinning drop tensiometer and contact angle measurements. The interfacial tension of the crude oil-water (surfactant) system decreases by approximately two orders of magnitude with an increasing titanium dioxide concentration, exhibiting a minimum value of 5.85 × 10-5 mN/m. Similarly, the contact angle decreases on the surface of the Berea sandstone by combining the surfactant with titanium dioxide, reaching a minimum contact angle of 8.8°. These results demonstrate the potential of this new approach to maximize the recovery of trapped oil and significantly improve oil production.

Evaluated the Effect of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles on the Activity of Creatinine and Urea Levels in Dialysis Patients

Abstract
 Nanotechnology is an emerging field that has got a phenomenal interest in the last few decades. Medical application is considered one of the most important ambitions in this field. The objective was to evaluate the biological effects of (TiO2-NPs) on urea and creatinine activity among kidney patients. The titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles were created using the photocell technique, and for characterization used XRD and TEM. The research population consisted of 60 individuals, both male and female, with renal disease and older than 40 years old who were on dialysis without taking any drugs. Two groups were created out of them (30 control group and 30 dialysis patients group). The two groups' serum was collected using a straightforward sampling approach. Creatinine and urea levels were measured for the control group, and for the dialysis group before the addition of TiO2-NPs; and also after the addition of TiO2-NPs. Furthermore, creatinine and urea concentrations were determined using a spectrophotometric method. The XRD investigations showed that titanium dioxide nanoparticles are crystalline and the size ranged from 11-29 nm, according to photographs taken using TEM. The present investigation showed that (TiO2-NPs) significantly lowered the levels of creatinine and urea in individuals with renal disease. Our findings demonstrated, for the first time, that TiO2 nanoparticles considerably declined the levels of creatinine and urea among dialysis patients. Future research should be done to confirm this affects TiO2-NPs.

Effects of TiO2 ultraviolet filter and sunscreens on coastal dune plant performance and competitive interactions

Ultraviolet filters (UVFs) added to sunscreens (SS) are emerging contaminants in marine environments due to their adverse effects on organisms and ecosystems. UVFs have also been detected in beach-dune systems, but their influence on resident organisms has not been explored yet. Native plants are fundamental components of coastal dunes, and these ecologically/economically important systems are currently among the most threatened globally. Thus, understanding whether UVFs may act as threats to dune plants is crucial. This field study evaluated and compared the effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nTiO2), one of the inorganic UVFs most commonly added to sunscreens, and those of a commercial sunscreen product containing it (SS-nTiO2) on the performance of adult dune plants of a native (Thinopyrum junceum) and a non-native invasive species (Carpobrotus sp. pl.) and their competitive interactions at environmentally realistic concentrations. The effects of nTiO2, SS-nTiO2 and of a sunscreen product containing just organic UVFs (SS-OF) on early life stages of T. junceum were also examined. Ti bulk content in sand and plants at the study site ranged from 970 to 1069 mg kg−1 and from 2 to 7.9 mg kg−1, respectively. Thinopyrum junceum adult plants periodically exposed during the summer season to seawater contaminated by SS-nTiO2 produced less biomass than un-exposed plants and nTiO2 exposed plants. nTiO2 and SS-nTiO2 reduced the capacity of T. junceum to control the spread of Carpobrotus. Both SS-nTiO2 and SS-OF reduced seedling emergence in T. junceum whereas nTiO2 did not. These results demonstrated that the periodical exposures of native dune plants to sunscreens could reduce their establishment success and growth and favor invasive plant spread potentially resulting in community structure changes. They also emphasize the need to assess the phytotoxicity not only of single UVFs but especially that of complete sunscreen products to design more eco-friendly formulations in the future.

Impact of Titanium Oxide Nanoparticles on Growth, Pigment Content, Membrane Stability, DNA Damage, and Stress-Related Gene Expression in Vicia faba under Saline Conditions

This study investigates the effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nTiO2) on Vicia faba under salinity stress. Plants were treated with either 10 or 20 ppm nTiO2 and subjected to two different concentrations of salinity (100 and 200 mM NaCl) as well as the combined effect of nanoparticles and salinity. Salinity induced a reduction in dry weight, increased electron leakage and MDA content, increased chromosomal aberrations and DNA damage, and reduced transcript levels of some stress- and growth-related genes. nTiO2 treatment increased dry weight in unstressed plants and mitigated the salinity-damaging effect in stressed plants. nTiO2 application improved cell division, decreased chromosomal aberrations, and reduced DNA damage in plants under saline conditions. The upregulation of antioxidant genes further supports the protective role of nTiO2 against oxidative stress. Particularly significant was the ability of nTiO2 to enhance the upregulation of heat shock protein (HSP) genes. These findings underscore the potential of nTiO2 to reduce the osmotic and toxic effects of salinity-induced stress in plants.

The toxicological effects of nano titanium dioxide on target organs and mechanisms of toxicity.

Nano-titanium dioxide (TiO2 NPs) is widely used for its extremely high stability, corrosion resistance, and photocatalytic properties and has penetrated into various fields of production and life. Assessing its toxicity to different organs should be a key part of preclinical toxicity assessment of TiO2 NPs, which is relatively incomprehensive yet. Therefore, this review focuses on the toxic effects of TiO2 NPs on various organs in mammals and biological mechanisms from different organs. The commonality of toxic effects on various target organs reflected in tissue structure damage and dysfunction, such as liver damage and dysfunction; pulmonary fibrosis; and renal impairment (including hematuria and nephritis); damage of brain tissue and neurons; alteration of intestinal villi; and weight loss. And effects on the reproductive system are affected by different sexes, including ovarian dysfunction, testicular development damage, and sperm viability reduction. We believe that the toxic mechanisms of TiO2 NPs in target organs have commonalities, such as oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and organelle damage. However, different target organ toxicities also have their specificities. TiO2 NPs disturb the intestinal flora and cause undesirable changes in feces products. And in spleen are infiltration of neutrophils and lymphadenopathy and eventually immune deficiency. Although the toxic pathways are different, but there may be a close link between the different toxic pathways. In this article, the main manifestations of the toxic effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on major mammalian organs are reviewed, in order to provide basic data for their better application from a medical perspective.

The synergistic effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticles and yeast isolated from fermented foods in reduction of aflatoxin B1

AbstractThe presence of aflatoxins in food products can lead to health risks in human societies. Therefore, in the present study, the effect of yeast strains isolated from fermented products and titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2‐NPs) was studied on aflatoxin reduction. Yeast strains were isolated from fermented products such as sweet fruits and dairy products and identified using biochemical, ascospore (testing by culture medium optimization V8 which is called V8NLF), and molecular methods. The probiotic activity of four selected yeasts was evaluated. Then, the effect of selected yeast isolates and TiO2‐NPs on reducing aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in the medium was studied by measuring AFB1 using ELISA and HPLC. The results of biochemical and molecular identification experiments indicate that the selected strain (Y1) is Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The selected strains showed good tolerance to different concentrations of bile salt, pH, and NaCl, indicating appropriate probiotic activity. It also showed antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Shigella dysenteriae, and Salmonella typhimurium. Selected strain and TiO2‐NPs showed AFB1 reducing activity in the medium and when combined, showed synergistic effects in reducing AFB1. TiO2‐NPs in combination with selected yeast strains have a high ability to remove AFB1 from the medium and, therefore, can be used for future studies.

Effects of Titanium Dioxide nanoparticles on salinity tolerance of rice (Oryza sativa L.) at the seedling stage

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on the salinity tolerance of rice. The effects of five nano titanium dioxide concentrations (0 mg/L, 25 mg/L, 50 mg/L, 75 mg/L, and 100 mg/L) on the physiological and biochemical parameters of rice were evaluated. The results showed that among three rice varieties (ST24, ST25, OM18), only ST25 grew in a better manner with the application of TiO2 nanoparticles and the optimal concentration of TiO2 nanoparticles was 50 mg/mL. It increased the shoot height by 20.07% and the survival rate of rice compared to the control. These growth-promoting effects were simultaneous with increased levels of chlorophyll, carotenoid and proline. The activities of antioxidant enzymes were improved. While activities of enzymes catalase and peroxidase increased significantly, no change in the activities of ascorbate peroxidase was observed. Finding of this study showed that titanium dioxide nanoparticles increased the salinity tolerance of rice by promoting the photosynthetic and anti-oxidative processes in rice seedlings.

Impact Assessment of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) on physico-Chemical Properties of Soil after Harvesting of Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis) at Prayagraj District of Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India

Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.) is one of the most important winter vegetables among the Cole crops which belongs to the genus Brassica of the family Brassicaceae. The current research entitled, effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) on soil physico-chemical characteristics in cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis) at Prayagraj District of Eastern Uttar Pradesh was conducted during 2022-2023 on the Crop Research Farm of the Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Prayagraj (U.P). There were seven different treatments combinations included in the study comprising treatment T1 as control and treatment T2 to T7 contains 100% RDF through chemical fertilizers along with TiO2 application as seed treatment and foliar spray with concentration of 500, 1000 and 1500 ppm that were replicated three times in Randomized Block Design. The results demonstrated that available N, P & K were significantly affected and soil physical parameters (Bulk density, particle density and water holding capacity) were non-significantly affected by application of TiO2 nanoparticles applied as seed treatment or foliar spray.