Effect Of Third Elements Research Articles

Corrosion mechanism and corrosion behavior prediction of Cu-10Ni-X alloys in NaCl solution combining DFT calculation and experiments

The corrosion resistance of Cu-Ni-based alloys depends on their Cu2O passivation film, and the effect of third element X is hardly characterized. The corrosion behavior and mechanisms of Cu-10Ni-X (Al, Fe, Mn, Cr, Sn, Ti, Zn) alloys in a 3.5% NaCl solution were systematically investigated combining DFT calculation and experiments. Both computational and experimental results revealed that except Ti, other elements could enhance the corrosion resistance of Cu2O passivation film, and the effect was ranked as Fe > Cr > Mn > Al > Sn > Zn. Based on DFT and experimental data, a corrosion behavior prediction model was established.

Accounting for the effects of third elements in the emission spectral analysis and construction of global analytical techniques

The paper discusses the method of processing the metals and alloys spectra, which were obtained using emission spectrometers with spark excitation spectra. The proposed technique makes it possible to build a global method for analyzing any alloys, taking into account the so-called “third elements effects”.

Effect of Third Element of Addition on Corrosion Resistance of Ni-Cr alloys Aiming Dental Application

Univ Estadual Paulista, Fac Engn, Dept Fis & Quim, Campus Guaratingueta, Guaratingueta, SP, Brazil

Ti(Pt, Pd, Au) based High Temperature Shape Memory Alloys

Rising martensitic transformation temperature is required to develop HTSMAs. Then, we have focused on the alloys consisting of Ti and precious metals such as TiPt, TiPd and TiAu due to their high martensitic transformation temperatures. To strengthen these compounds and control phase transformation temperature, third elements were partially substituted to the alloys. Some of the TiPd–base compounds indicated 100% shape recovery at temperature range between 400-450°C. The effect of third elements on phase transformation and shape memory effects was investigated.

Effects of minor alloying additive on the shear strength of Sn-58Bi solder joint

The use of Pb has been limited in the electronic industry because of the toxicity of lead. As the result, the research and development activities in developing lead-free solders have been accelerated and some lead-free solders were introduced as alternative. Sn-Bi-based alloys are an alternative to replace Pb-based solders in the low temperature ranges. However, Sn-Bi-based solders show brittle behavior in both the bulk and the interface. Generally, the addition of impurity elements to the solders can improve the ductility of the solder joint in both the bulk and the interface by refining the solder microstructure and suppressing the intermetallics at the interface, respectively. In this study, the effect of third elements, i.e., Ni and In (1 and 0.5wt.%) on the microstructure of the Sn-58Bi solder and thickness of the interface between Sn-58Bi solder and Cu substrate were investigated. Solid state IMC compound layer growth was also examined following the thermal aging of the solder joint. Results after aging show that minor added elements were effective in suppressing the intermetallics at the interface during solid state growth. The results also show that the added In was highly effective in limiting the Bi phase coarsening. Mechanical properties of solder joints, before and after heat treatment, were also investigated by shear and micro-vickers tests.

Effect of third element for FePt ordered alloy thin films with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy fabricated from Fe/Pt/X trilayer

L10-FePt ordered alloy thin films with (001) preferential orientation were fabricated by annealing Fe/Pt/X (X: Cu and Au) trilayers to reduce Curie temperature and ordering temperature. FePtCu film exhibited Curie temperature of around 280°C and steep change of perpendicular coercivity to a measurement temperature |dHc⊥/dT| at around 200°C. In addition, process temperature decreased to 500°C by adding Au atom to FePt film and perpendicular coercivity was as high as 5.8kOe even though annealing temperature was as low as 500°C.

Effects of third elements (Ag, B, Cu, Ir) addition and high Ar gas pressure on L10 FePt films

Abstract To obtain lower disorder/order transformation temperature of L1 0 FePt alloy films, we prepared the films with adding the third elements (Ag, Cu, B, Ir) and under high Ar gas pressure. It was found the temperature decreases from 500°C to 400°C by adding all of third elements and by preparing under high Ar gas pressure of 250 m Torr.

The effects of third elements on the kinetics of order change in Ni 3Al under H.V.E.M. irradiation

The effects of boron, cobalt or titanium additions on the kinetics of order changes in Ni 3Al under irradiation were investigated in a HVEM. The long-range order (LRO) parameter was determined by measuring the intensities of superlattice spots on the diffraction patterns. Order-variation kinetics was investigated by using a previously proposed theoretical model. The number of replacements per displacement ɛ and the steady-state LRO parameter S ∞ were directly deduced by fitting a kinetic law to experimental data ; a good agreement was generally found. A weak effects of the above third elements on the disordering efficiency was observed whereas the effect of stoichiometry appeared to be more important. Reordering was found to be controlled by long-range vacancy migration with a migration enthalpy of 0.9 to 1.0 eV ; this was deduced from a comparison between the experimental temperature dependence of the steady — state LRO parameter with calculated curves. The effects of third elements on the reordering kinetics is clearly revealed : compared to binary alloys, a decrease of the effective reordering rate is generally observed.

Stabilizing Effects of Third Elements on an L12– Al3Ti Compound

Stabilizing Effects of Third Elements on an L12– Al3Ti Compound

Effects of Third Elements on the Surface and Volume Perpendicular Coercivity of Co-Cr Films

The effects of third additive elements on the surface and volume perpendicular magnetic coercivity of Co-Cr alloy films were studied. The difference of surface and volume coercivities between the coercivity thickness dependences in Co-Cr-Ta and Nb films is discussed. It is clearly shown that the Co-Cr-Nb film shows almost the same tendency in the thickness dependence of both surface and volume coercivity. It is concluded that Co-Cr-Nb films are superior to Co-Cr-Ta in term of magnetic coupling in the film thickness direction, exhibiting a high crystallinity and a high crystal orientation.

Damping behavior of AlZn alloys produced by spray forming process

Al-Zn alloys with high Zn content have high damping capacity as well as other attractive properties such as low melting point, good workability and high specific strength. The damping mechanism of Al-Zn alloys is known to arise from the phase boundary between Al rich {alpha} phase and Zn rich {beta} phase. The damping mechanism of these alloys is known to be proportional to the interfacial area between {alpha} and {beta} phase. In this study, spray forming process was applied to improve the damping capacity and mechanical properties of these alloys. It is expected that the fine microstructure and the lack of segregation improve the damping capacity of these materials higher and give other advantages such as high strength and short homogenization time. The effect of third element on the damping capacity and mechanical properties of cast and spray-formed alloys was also studied.

Large anisotropic magnetoresistance in ternary NiFeX films for magnetoresistive heads (abstract)

Highly sensitive magnetoresistive heads are required for magnetic disk drives with large areal density. Films with large anisotropic magnetoresistance are among the promising candidates for this purpose. In this work, the effect of third elements, X (Au, Pt, Ag, Cu, Pd, Co, Ru, ZrO2), to Ni80Fe20 alloy on anisotropic magnetoresistivity (Δρ) and other magnetic properties is examined with varying third element composition. Ternary films were deposited by rf sputtering on Ta seed layers. The thicknesses of ternary films were 5–20 nm which were determined by the x-ray reflectivity method. The value of Δρ for ternary films increases when Au, Pt, Ag, Co, and ZrO2 are added. On the other hand, Δρ decreases when Ru is added. Considering the application for the magnetoresistive (MR) head, low ρ0, low Hk, and low Bs are required except for large Δρ. The value of Δρ for Ni74Fe19Au7 film with the thickness of 10 nm is 0.65 μΩ cm which is 20% larger than that for Ni80Fe20. The values of Hk, λ, and Bs for Ni74Fe19Au7 are 4.8 Oe, 1×10−7, and 0.92 T, respectively. Therefore, NiFeAu ternary films are suitable for the MR head. Relative output for the Ni74Fe19Au7 head, calculated by an equation using the above results, is 23% larger than that for the Ni80Fe20 head. Furthermore, the higher output was confirmed by evaluation of fabricated heads.

Effect of third elements on the pesting suppression of Mo-Si-X intermetallics (X = Al, Ta, Ti, Zr and Y)

The pesting behaviour of Mo-Si-X (X = Al, Ta, Ti, Zr and Y) intermetallics produced by arc-melting has been examined in air at temperatures between 673 and 973 K. MoSi2 disintegrates severely at 773 K. The selective oxidation of Si to SiO2 should occur at the grain boundaries of MoSi2 because the affinity to oxygen of Mo is much smaller than that of Si. The volume expansion accom- panying selective oxidation of Si is calculated to be about +85.6%. This significant volume expansion generates a large internal stress at the grain boundaries and results in disintegration of MoSi2. The volume change (4.9 vol%) in the oxidation of Mo(Si,Al)2 is small, and the pesting of Mo(Si,Al)2 is suppressed. In the case of third elements whose affinities to oxygen are larger than that of Si (i.e. Al, Ti, Zr and Y), the third elements oxidize selectively at the grain boundaries. When the volume expansion accompanying the internal oxidation is small, the pesting phenomenon is suppressed.

Application of thermodynamic computations to the solution behaviour of niobium and vanadium carbonitrides

On the basis of well‐known thermodynamic equations, a model is proposed which allows the computation of both the solution behaviour and the composition of the carbonitride precipitates of the microalloying elements in steel. Apart from the concentration of the microalloying elements and the carbon and nitrogen content, the following aspects were taken into account: the non‐stoichiometric composition of carbonitrides, a regular solution behaviour of the mixture of carbide with nitride, the effect of third elements on the activity of carbon and nitrogen, the possible primary binding of nitrogen by aluminium. The calculation is based on the knowledge of the solubility products of pure carbides and nitrides. Comparison with experimental results of carbonitride precipitates in microalloyed niobium and vanadium steels support the model‐based predictions concerning the temperature‐dependent composition and solubility of carbonitrides under equilibrium conditions.

Mn-20Cu合金の振動減衰能に対する第3元素添加の効果

Mn-20Cu合金の振動減衰能に対する第3元素添加の効果

Effect of third elements on the microhardness of Ni 3Al

The room-temperature microhardness of Ni 3Al with and without third elements has been studied using the Vicker's indentation technique. In pure Ni 3Al phase alloys, the hardness value increased with decreasing Al concentration from stoichiometric composition. This increase is attributed to the defects present at off-stoichiometric compositions. The addition of third elements Hf, Zr, Ti and Si increased the hardness value of Ni 3Al suggesting the solid-solution strengthening effect. The presence of 0.20 at% boron in Hf- and Zr-containing alloys shows a softening effect at small concentrations of Hf and Zr.

Development of castable TiAl alloy for turbine components

Over 200 compositions based on TiAl were melted in order to examine the effect of third elements on castability. The amounts of additives were adjusted by examining the castability for various turbine components including shrouded blades/vanes. The composition which showed the best properties and casting performance was Ti-47.3(33.7)Al-0.7(1.0)V-1.5(2.3)Fe-0.7(0.2)B at.(wt.)%.

Effects of third elements, B, Si and Al, on the atomic structure of the NiZr 2 amorphous alloy

X-ray diffraction and mass density measurements for the (NiZr 2) 1− x M x (M = B, Si and Al) amorphous alloys have been carried out in order to elucidate the effects of the addition of the third element M on the structure of the parent amorphous matrix NiZr 2. The radial distribution function G( r) and the mass density of the amorphous (NiZr 2) 1− x B x ( x = 0–0.15) remain unchanged in spite of an increase in B concentration. In the amorphous (NiZr 2) 0.8Si 0.2, however, the first peak in G( r) is found to grow substantially relative to the second peak. This is interpreted as the growth of the ZrSi correlation at the distance close to the original NiZr correlation. In contrast, the intensities in G( r) associated with both NiAl and ZrAl correlations in the amorphous alloys (NiZr 2) 1− x Al x ( x = 0–0.3) increase equally and the density decreases linearly with increasing Al concentration in the manner consistent with those expected from a random substitution. From the present structural studies coupled with the previous results on the electronic structure, we conclude that there exist preferential bondings of Si and B atoms with the host Zr atoms and that Al atoms are substituted randomly for Ni or Zr without any preference.

Effect of third elements on the results of quantometric analysis of steels using a glow discharge

Effect of third elements on the results of quantometric analysis of steels using a glow discharge

第三元素を添加したTiAl基合金の組織と結晶構造

Microstructures and crystal structures of Ti-34, -36 and -38 mass%Al alloys containing Mn, Nb, V or Zr up to 10 at% as a third element has been examined using a optical microscope, an electron probe microanalyzer and an X-ray diffractometer. The alloying effects have been discussed from the viewpoint of ductility improvements of the alloys.Ternary phase diagrams around the TiAl phase have been determined. The structure is refined by the addition of each third element to the alloys. The Ti3Al phase is decreased and the annealing twins are increased by the addition of Mn or V. The microstructure is considered to be favourable for improving the ductility of the alloys.The lattice parameter of the TiAl (γ) phase increases with increasing Zr or Nb content and decreases with increasing Mn or V content, as can be expected from the atomic size factors of the third elements. On the other hand, the axial ratio c⁄a of the γ phase decreases with increasing Mn, Nb or Zr content and remains at a fixed value for the addition of V. This alloying effect on the axial ratio can be explained from the condition in which the increase in strain energy with the lattice parameter is minimized. It is recognized that in the γ phase Zr and Nb are substitute for the Ti site, Mn for the Al site and V for both sites. Also, it can be estimated that the antiphase boundary energy of γ is decreased by the addition of Mn, V or Nb, and that the stacking fault energy of γ is decreased by the addition of Mn or V.It is concluded that the third elements which improve the ductility of TiAl-based alloys are those which are smaller in atomic size than Ti and Al and replace the Al site to reduce the Al content in the γ phase.