Effect Of Substrate Temperature Research Articles

Influence of Substrate Temperature on Structural and Optical Properties of Co-Evaporated Cu<sub>2</sub>SnS<sub>3</sub>/ITO Thin Films

In this study report the structural and optical properties of Copper Tin Sulfide (Cu2SnS3) thin films on indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate using co-evaporation technique. High purity of copper, tin and sulfur were taken as source materials to deposit Cu2SnS3 (CTS) thin films at different substrate temperatures (200-350 °C). Further, the effect of different substrate temperature on the crystallographic, morphological and optical properties of CTS thin films was investigated. The deposited CTS thin films shows tetragonal phase with preferential orientation along (112) plane confirmed by X-ray diffraction. Micro-Raman studies reveled the formation of CTS thin films. The surface morphology, average grain size and rms values of the deposited films are examined by Scanning electron spectroscopy (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) shows the presence of copper, tin and sulfur with a nearly stoichiometric ratio. The optical band gap (1.76-1.63 eV) and absorption coefficient (~105 cm-1) of the films was calculated by using UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy. The values of refractive index, extinction coefficient and permittivity of the deposited films were calculated from the optical transmittance data.

Effect of Substrate Temperature on Spray Deposited Zinc Sulphide Thin Films

Effect of Substrate Temperature on Spray Deposited Zinc Sulphide Thin Films

Effect of Substrate Temperature on the Optoelectronic Properties of Dc Magnetron Sputtered Copper Oxide Films

Effect of Substrate Temperature on the Optoelectronic Properties of Dc Magnetron Sputtered Copper Oxide Films

Functional properties of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) viscera protein hydrolysates

This study analyzes the effect of degree of hydrolysis (DH) and pH of protein hydrolysates from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) viscera on their functional properties such as solubility, emulsifying and foaming properties. Additionally, the enzymatic hydrolysis of rainbow trout viscera with Alcalase® 2.4L was optimized. The Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used to assess the effect of substrate concentration (S), enzyme concentration (E), temperature (T), fat concentration (F), and agitation speed (v) on DH. The study found that the highest DH of 20.48 ± 1.07% was attained under the optimum conditions, including S of 54.5 g of protein/L, E of 0.72 UA/g protein, F of 5.09% (w/w), v of 102 rpm, pH 8.5 and T of 60 °C, during a reaction time of 6 h. The results show that the functionalities of the hydrolysates were affected by both DH and pH. The hydrolysate with DH 20% at pH 7 exhibited the highest solubility. The emulsifying and foaming properties of hydrolysates reached their highest values at DH 5%. Concerning the effect of pH, the study found that all functional properties at different DHs had the lowest values at pH 4.0. Therefore, the study results suggest that protein hydrolysates of rainbow trout viscera could have potential uses as functional ingredients in food.

Optimization Studies in Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation of Wheat Bran Flour into Ethanol

The effects of process variables in Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF) of wheat bran flour were studied in bulk fermentation using a coculture of Aspergillus niger - Kluveromyces marxianus. The effect of substrate density, pH, temperature, and enzyme concentration on wheat bran was predicted by designing experiments in which a single parameter is varied keeping other variables at a constant level. The above parameters were optimized for a batch culture in a fermentor. Optimal values for substrate concentration, pH, temperature, and enzyme concentration during processing were 200 g/l, 5.5, 65°C, and 7.5 IU, respectively. In pre-treatment experiments, the concentration of enzymes and the pre-treatment temperature are highly correlated. The influence of pH, temperature, and substrate density on ethanol production was investigated. Temperature pH was determined as optimal, 32°C and 5.5, respectively. After 48 hours of fermentation at optimum pH, a solution of wheat bran containing a maximum of 6% starch produces a maximum of 22.9 g/l ethanol.

Effect of metal substrate temperature on the determination of trace metal elements in water by combined LIBS with electro-deposition

The present study has attempted to improve the detection sensitivity of electro-deposition assisted laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy by raising the metal substrate temperature.

Effect of growth parameters on defect structure and optical properties of ultrathin SnO2 films

Tin oxide films with thicknesses in the range from 5 to 110 nm have been deposited by reactive dc magnetron sputtering of Sn in Ar + O plasma at a low working pressure of 1.0× 10 −3 Torr on glass substrates at different temperatures (150–400 °C). The effect of deposition time, substrate temperature, and oxygen partial pressure on surface morphology , crystallographic structure, optical properties, and photoluminescence characteristics of SnO 2 films has been studied and correlated with their defect structure . The structural transformation from nanocrystalline to polycrystalline of thicker films >40 nm and films were grown at higher temperature is explained based on adatom mobility and uniform substrate coverage. Based on photoluminescence characteristics and transmittance spectra, the 20 nm thick film exhibits the least defect structure and best electronic and optical behaviors. • Ultrathin SnO 2 films (5–20 nm) are successfully grown by DC reactive sputtering. • Effect of scaling down film thickness (down to 5 nm) on physical properties. • Correlation between defect structure and optical properties. • Thinner films are much smoother than the thicker films. • Low structural defect concentration found in 10–40 nm films.

Molecular Dynamics Study of the Effect of Substrate Temperature on the Barrier Behavior in Aluminum Oxide Josephson Junctions

Molecular Dynamics Study of the Effect of Substrate Temperature on the Barrier Behavior in Aluminum Oxide Josephson Junctions

Effect of substrate temperature on plasma-enhanced self-assembling formation of high-density FePt nanodots

We formed FePt magnetic nanodots (NDs) by exposing an ultrathin bilayer metal stack on ∼3.0 nm SiO2/Si(100) substrates to a remote H2 plasma (H2-RP) and studied the effect of external heating during the exposure to H2-RP on the formation and magnetic properties of NDs. The ultrathin bilayer with a uniform surface coverage drastically changed to NDs with an areal density as high as ∼3.5 × 1011 cm−2 by exposing to H2-RP with external heating. We also found that NDs formed by the exposure to H2-RP at 400 °C exhibited a perpendicular anisotropy with a perpendicular coercivity of ∼1.5 kOe, reflecting the magneto-crystalline anisotropy of (001)-oriented L10 phase FePt.

Influence of substrate temperature on structure, morphology and optical properties of spray deposited ZnO thin films

In present article ZnO thin films were deposited for five different substrate temperatures (150-350 oC) using simple spray technique. The deposited films have been characterized using X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and UV-Visible spectroscopy and effect of substrate temperature on structure, morphology, and optical properties have been studied. Crystallite size was estimated from using Lorentz Fit of XRD data. The crystallite size was in the 20 to 26.32 nm range. The SEM of (ZnO 300 ) film sample shows whole surface was uniformly coated with schematically arranged network of ZnO wires of average diameter 566 nm. Purity of the deposited sample was investigated by using Energ Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDX). All the ZnO films exhibit 70 to 80% transmittance and 3.23 to 3.26 eV optical band gap.

Study of Effect of Substrate Temperature on Structure, Morphology and optical Properties of Spray Deposited Cu2ZnSnS4 Nano Thin films.

Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) films for different substrate temperatures were deposited by using simple chemical spray technique. Analytical reagent Grade; Copper chloride (CuCl2), Zinc chloride (ZnCl2), Tin chloride (SnCl4.5H2O) and thiourea (SC(NH2)2) were used as Cu+, Zn+, and Sn+ and ion sources respectively. A set of five CZTS films was deposited using five different substrate temperatures (175, 200, 250, 275, and 300 ). The structure, Morphology, Elemental analysis and optical properties of these films were studied using X-ray diffratometer (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDX) and UV-Visible spectroscopy techniques respectively. The XRD spectra showed that all films are polycrystalline and exhibit kesterite tetragonal crystal structure with preferential orientation along (112) direction. The crstallinity was found increased with substrate temperature. The calculated crystallite size was increased with increase in substrate temperature. The surface morphology of CZTS films was improved with increase in substrate temperature. The film sample deposited for 275 represent excellent spherical granules CZTS crystals of increasing size from 640 nm to 1.8 μm arranged in regular fashion with some void spaces. The purity of the composition was investigated using Elemental analysis of the deposited films. The optical band gap was estimated using Tauc plots. The band gap obtained was to be in the range of 1.4 to 1.6 eV.

Atomistic insights into dynamic growth of pentacene thin films on metal surfaces functionalized with self-assembled monolayers

The fabrication of high-quality organic semiconductor thin films has crucial impact on the electrical properties of organic electronic devices. Here, we provide atomistic insights into dynamic growth of pentacene thin films on different Au surfaces functionalized with self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). First, disordered crystal structures are formed on both bare Au and smooth SAM functionalized Au surfaces, while the upright crystalline islands emerge on rough SAM surfaces. During the growth process on rough SAM surfaces, organic semiconductor molecules undergo the nucleation and reorientation, and eventually form thin films with terrace morphologies. In addition, the interaction energies among pentacene molecules and between pentacene and SAM molecules will affect the formation and reorientation of the seed nucleus. Furthermore, the effect of substrate temperature on the pentacene growth is also evaluated. The high substrate temperature delays the onset of nucleus reorientation but accelerate the reorientation process. Finally, free energy calculations demonstrate that the surface roughness plays an important role in the formation and orientation of the seed nucleus. Meanwhile, the energy barrier at the step edge of the terrace morphology can prevent molecules from crossing the step edge.

Substrate Temperature Effect on the Optical Properties of ZrO2 Films Prepared by Thermal Evaporation

The pure substance of Zirconium oxide (ZrO2) was deposited on substrate of glass with various substrate temperatures using thermal evaporation under the pressure of (2×10-5 bar) and with a deposition rate of (0.5 nm/S) with an average thickness of (300 nm). The optical properties of these prepared films were concentrated as a function of the substrate temperature. It was found that the values ​​of each of the refractive index, packing density, together with the extinction coefficient increased with the increase in the substrate temperature of the prepared films.

Influence of substrate temperature and oxygen pressure on the structural and optical properties of polycrystalline BaTiO3 thin films grown by PLD

The effect of substrate temperature and oxygen pressure on linear and nonlinear optical properties of pulsed laser deposited barium titanate BaTiO3 (BTO) thin films is reported in the present manuscript. BTO thin films have been deposited on n-type Si (100) and quartz substrates in the range of substrate temperatures from 400 to 700 °C and oxygen pressures from 0.005 to 1 mbar. The root means square (RMS) surface roughness is observed to decrease with the rise in substrate temperature and increased with an increase in oxygen pressure. The optimum background pressure and the substrate temperature are observed to be around ∼0.1 mbar and 700 °C, respectively. All the BTO thin films are found to be in the preferential (110) plane, from X-ray Diffraction (XRD), indicating the pseudocubic phase. Raman analysis also confirms the pseudocubic phase of BTO for all the thin films. The crystallite size, measured from XRD analysis is found to be increased with the increase in substrate temperature and is also affected by the background oxygen pressure. The thickness, linear absorption coefficient, and refractive index of the thin films are determined from UV–Visible–NIR spectroscopy. Transmission is observed to be 75–85% for all the thin films in the spectral range of 400–2000 nm. Nonlinear optical properties (NLO) are studied by an in-house assembled modified Z-scan set-up using continuous-wave (cw) Ar-Ion laser (λ = 488 nm) and found to be (57.54 ± 0.05) cm/W at the optimum deposition parameters.

Droplet Evaporation on Hot Micro-Structured Superhydrophobic Surfaces: Analysis of Evaporation from Droplet Cap and Base Surfaces

In this study, evaporation of sessile water droplets on hot micro-structured superhydrophobic surfaces is experimentally and theoretically investigated. Water droplets of 4 µL are placed on micro-pillared silicon substrates with the substrate temperature heated up to 120°C. A comprehensive thermal circuit model is developed to analyze the effects of substrate roughness and substrate temperature on the sessile droplet evaporation. For the first time, two components of heat and mass transfer, i.e., one from the droplet cap surface and the other from the droplet base surface, during droplet evaporation are distinguished and systematically studied. As such, the evaporation heat transfer rates from both the droplet cap surface and the interstitial liquid-vapor interface between micropillars at the droplet base are calculated in various conditions. For droplet evaporation on the heated substrates in the range of 40°C – 80°C, the predicted droplet cap temperature matches well with the experimental results. During the constant contact radius mode of droplet evaporation, the decrease of evaporation rate from the droplet base contributes most to the continuously decreasing overall evaporation heat transfer rate, whereas the decrease of evaporation rate from the droplet cap surface is dominant in the constant contact angle mode. The influence of internal fluid flow is considered for droplet evaporation on substrates heated above 100°C, and an effective thermal conductivity is adopted as a correction factor to account for the effect of convection heat transfer inside the droplet. Temperature differences between the droplet base and the substrate base are estimated to be about 2°C, 5°C, 8°C, 13°C and 18°C for droplet evaporation on substrates heated at 40°C, 60°C, 80°C, 100°C, and 120°C, respectively, elucidating the delayed or depressed boiling of water droplets on a heated rough surface due to evaporative cooling.

Effect of substrate temperature on micro-structural, optical and electrical properties of V2O5 thin films

Vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) thin films have been prepared onto ITO coated flexible Kapton substrates by electron beam evaporation technique. The influence of substrate temperature on the structural, morphological, optical and electrical properties has been investigated. The XRD results reveals that the films prepared at lower temperatures are amorphous in nature and the films prepared at 300 oC is exhibited predominant (001) orientation with an orthorhombic crystal structure. AFM study showed that the grain size varies from 80 nm to 150 nm. The optical studies revealed that the transmittance decreased with increasing substrate temperature. The optical absorption coefficient ‘a’ determined from the experimentally measured transmittance and reflectance data for V2O5 films was found to give a better fit for the exponent n = 3/2 suggesting the direct forbidden transitions with an estimated optical band gap of 2.31 eV for the films prepared at 300 oC. The electrical conductivity has been observed to be increased from 2 x 10-6 S/cm to 3 x 10-2 S/cm by varying temperature from 30 oC to 300 oC. The electrochemical experiments exhibited the discharge capacity of about 60 μAh/(cm2-μm) for the films deposited at 300 oC.

Substrate temperature effects on the peel behavior of temporary pavement marking tapes

ABSTRACT Temporary pavement marking (TPM) tapes are utilized In road construction to delineate temporary traffic lanes and work zones. Adhesive failure of TPM tapes can therefore remove lane and work zone designations, confusing drivers and causing serious accidents, especially in high speed zones. Thus, the adhesion of TPM tapes to pavement surface plays an important role in road construction traffic safety. Pressure sensitive adhesives (PSAs) comprise the adhesive layer of TPM tapes. The adhesion of PSAs depends on their temperature-dependent viscoelastic properties. Since environmental conditions vary during construction, the adhesion of TPM tapes will change over a range of operating temperatures. The viscoelastic properties and peel force of four brands of commercial TPM tapes were characterized via double lap shear dynamic mechanical analysis and 90° angle peel adhesion testing over a range of temperatures (−20°C to 40°C). The interfacial fracture behavior and peel forces were analyzed with respect to the measured viscoelastic properties of TPM tapes. For temperatures below the glass transition temperature of the top layer and the transition temperature into the rubbery plateau of the PSA, the peel force decreased. Through this simple technique, an effective operating temperature range for each TPM tape was determined.

Large-area epitaxial CdTe(100) films grown on GaAs(100) substrates: MBE growth and substrate temperature effect

Large-area epitaxial CdTe(100) films grown on GaAs(100) substrates: MBE growth and substrate temperature effect

Fabrication of Cd-free ZnCuInS/ZnS based inverted quantum dot light-emitting diode: Considering substrate temperature effect on sputtered ZnO layer

Cd-free ZnCuInS/ZnS quantum dot-based light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) were fabricated using metallic sputtered ZnO. The undoped and metallic ZnO film was prepared with substrate heating to enhance the electronics properties of the oxide layer. The semiconductor properties of the ZnO layer were examined by using Hall effect measurements. The structural and morphological properties were observed using x-ray diffraction analysis and field emission scanning electron microscopy. After fabricating the QLED devices, its performances were investigated under DC electrical measurement system and compared with the preparation conditions of the ZnO films. The power efficiency of 11.6 lm/W, current efficiency of 14.1 cd/A, and external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 7.5% were achieved, where the ZnO film was prepared at the substrate temperature of 150 °C, and the Hall mobility of 23.4 cm2/Vs, carrier density of 4.1 × 1020 cm−3 was observed accordingly.

Effect of substrate temperature on plant growth and transpiration rates, determined by means of soil moisture sensors

Effect of substrate temperature on plant growth and transpiration rates, determined by means of soil moisture sensors