Effect Of Static Electric Field Research Articles

Effect of high static electric field on germination and early stage of growth of Avena sativa and Raphanus sativus

Presented study investigated the impact of a stationary electric field with an average value of 185 kV/m on the germination process and early growth of radish (Raphanus sativus – a eudicot plant) and oat (Avena sativa – a monocot plant). Electric field stimulation may prove to be one method to sustainably increase crop efficiency. The research is aimed to increase knowledge of the effect of a static electric field on the plant growth process, because understanding of the topic is still limited. The plants were grown on a viscose substrate in a dark room without any light. Studies have shown that the electric field can affect the germination and growth process depending on the plant species. The findings indicate a positive influence of the electric field on radish germination. The presence of the electric field accelerates the germination process and growth of young plants. On the first day of germination (the 3rd day of cultivation), about 3.2 times as many plants germinated in the samples exposed to a stationary electric field compared to the control samples. On the last day of the experiment (the 8th day of cultivation), the tallest plants in the samples subjected to the electric field were 8 % higher, compared to the tallest plants in the control samples. On the other hand, the results demonstrate a negative impact of the electric field on oat seed germination. The presence of an electric field delays the germination process and reduces the number of germinated seeds. On the last day of the experiment (the 11th day of cultivation), about 1.25 times fewer oat plants germinated in the samples exposed to a stationary electric field compared to the control samples. The tallest plants in the samples subjected to the electric field were 1.1 times smaller than the tallest plants in the control samples.

Effects of Static Electric Fields on the Excitations of Silver Nanowire Dimers.

We theoretically studied the introduction of static electric fields to Ag10 nanowire dimer systems, including the effects of this field on optical absorption characteristics and the orbitals responsible for these excitations. Linear-response time-dependent density functional theory computations were performed on three distinct dimer systems: end-to-end, parallel, and 90° angle dimer systems separated by a closest interparticle distance of 7.0 Å. The calculations were performed in the presence of a 0.1 V/Å electric field strength applied in the z and y directions. The orientation of the dimer system and the direction of the applied static electric field each play a significant role in the resulting absorption spectra and the electronic structure of the nanowires. As a result, a dimer system can exhibit a blue shift for the longitudinal excitation and a red shift for the transverse excitation in the presence of one direction of the static electric field but not for the other direction. Notably, the electron density shifts from one nanowire to the other in the presence of the static electric field. Changes in optical characteristics and electronic structure suggest that the usage of a static electric field with a particular spatial configuration of nanowires provides a way to tune the optical properties of the system.

The switchable chirality and optical properties of hexabenzo[a,c,k,m,u,w]trinaphthylene controlled by synergistic effect of static electric field and substituents: A DFT study

This work selected the planar molecule hexabenzo [a,c,k,m,u,w]trinaphthylene (HBTN) with electron donor and acceptor, and introduced static electric field perpendicular to the conjugation plane for its control over molecular physical properties. With the guidance of electron donor and acceptor, controllable chirality, charge polarization, obvious charge transfer transition, Cotton effect and large NLO coefficients of molecule were obtained. The necessity of substituents to realize the control of static electric field to molecular chirality and optical properties was further confirmed by their locations and species. The direction of static electric field was also tested, and the importance of perpendicular field component was stressed. At last, the conclusion obtained via the discussion of monomer could also be applied to both homodimer and heterodimer, where same or different fragments were stacked via π-π interaction respectively. Especially for heterodimer, the completely different optical properties such as UV–Vis absorption spectra, ECD spectra and NLO coefficients between P- and M-type conformations were observed, and made it easier to recognize the chirality of heterodimer. All above results were meaningful to promote the application of molecules as chiral photovoltaic devices.

Effect of static electric fields on liquid water, its structure, dynamics, and hydrogen bond asymmetry: A molecular dynamics simulation study of TIP4P/2005 water model.

We study the effect of static electric fields of 0.1, 0.4, and 1.0 V/nm on the hydrogen bond structure and dynamics of TIP4P/2005 water at 1bar and at temperatures between 300 and 200K using molecular dynamics simulations. At all these temperatures, simulating liquid water with electric fields of 0.1 and 0.4 V/nm has no additional effect on its structural and dynamical changes, which otherwise already take place due to cooling. However, the introduction of 1.0 V/nm field enhances the slowing down of liquid water dynamics, crystallizes it to cubic ice at 240 and 220K, and amorphizes it at 200K. At 240 and 220K, crystallization occurs within 5 and 50ns, respectively. An electric field of 1 V/nm increases the relaxation times in addition to what cooling does. We note that when liquid water's metastability limit is reached, crystallization is averted and amorphization takes place. Both equilibrium (liquid-solid) and non-equilibrium (liquid-amorphous) transformations are observed at 1 V/nm. Moreover, with an increase in the electric field, H-bonds become stronger. However, the donor-acceptor asymmetry (the difference between the strengths of two donor/acceptor bonds) remains even when crystallization or amorphization takes place. At low temperatures, increasing electric fields on liquid water increases both its crystallization and amorphization tendencies.

Static electric field inhibits the proliferation and secretion functions of splenic lymphocytes in mice

ABSTRACT In recent years, the effects of static electric field (SEF) generated by ultra-high voltage (UHV) direct current (DC) transmission lines on health has drawn public attention. To study the effects of SEF on the spleen, mice were exposed to 56.3 ± 1.4 kV/m SEF. Results showed that on the 28th day of SEF exposure, the contents of IL-10 and IFN-γ in the supernatant of homogenate, the proliferation levels of lymphocytes and the content of intracellular ROS decreased significantly, while the activity of SOD increased significantly. Meanwhile, the rupture of cellular membrane, the deficiency of mitochondrial cristae and the vacuolization of mitochondria appeared in lymphocytes. Analysis showed that the rupture of the cellular membrane caused the death of T lymphocytes, which would lead to the reduction of IL-10 and IFN-γ secretions. The damage of mitochondria could reduce the production of ATP and the content of ROS, which could inhibit the proliferation of splenic lymphocytes.

The Effect of Static Electric Field on Hematological Parameters of Albino Mice

The Effect of Static Electric Field on Hematological Parameters of Albino Mice

Computational study of the effects of static electric field on the interaction of 5-Fluorouracil anti-cancer drug with pristine and Sc- and Ti-doped B12P12 nanocage as drug delivery

Computational study of the effects of static electric field on the interaction of 5-Fluorouracil anti-cancer drug with pristine and Sc- and Ti-doped B12P12 nanocage as drug delivery

The role of Nrf2 in protection against electrostatic field-induced oxidative stress and learning and memory decline in mice.

The intensity of static electric field (SEF) in the surrounding environment of transmission lines has been greatly increased with the rapid development of ultra-high-voltage direct-current transmission. Therefore, the potential health effects of SEF have stimulated great public attention. It has been proven that SEF exposure can cause reversible damage to the nervous system through oxidative stress; however, the mechanism of its recovery is unclear. This study focused on nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a vital regulator of oxidative stress, and has been identified to notably impact the protection of organisms against many external stimuli. Herein, it was found that 56.3kV/m SEF exposure for 7days and 14days significantly improved the expression levels of Nrf2 protein in the cytoplasm and nucleus of mice' hippocampus, as well as antioxidant genes, superoxide dismutase 2, and glutathione peroxidase 1. No significant difference in the expression level of the Nrf2 gene was found. The results indicated that the body could activate the Nrf2 signalling under SEF exposure by means other than up-regulation of Nrf2 gene expression. Inhibiting Nrf2 signalling by isoniazid could block SEF-induced gene transcription and protein expression, resulting in a decrease in antioxidant capacity, an increase in the level of lipid peroxide product, and irretrievability of learning and memory damage. These results demonstrated that the Nrf2 signalling pathway exhibited a protective role in SEF-induced oxidative damage and decline in learning and memory ability, which provides a potential strategy for preventing and treating SEF-related neurotoxicity.

LCOS Spatial Light Modulator for Digital Holography

Liquid crystal on silicon (LCOS) spatial light modulator (SLM) is the most widely used optical engine for digital holography. This paper aims to provide an overview of the applications of phase-only LCOS in two-dimensional (2D) holography. It begins with a brief introduction to the holography theory along with its development trajectory, followed by the fundamental operating principle of phase-only LCOS SLMs. Hardware performance of LCOS SLMs (in terms of frame rate, phase linearity and flicker) and related experimental results are presented. Finally, potential improvements and applications are discussed for futuristic holographic displays. Full Text: PDF ReferencesM. Wolfke, Physikalische Zeitschrift 21, 495 (1920). DirectLink D. Gabor, "A New Microscopic Principle", Nature 161, 777 (1948). CrossRef H. Haken, "Laser Theory", Light and Matter 5, 14 (1970). CrossRef S. Benton, "Selected Papers on Three-dimensional displays", SPIE Press (2001). DirectLink X. 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Demonstrative Experiment on the Favorable Effects of Static Electric Field Treatment on Vitamin D3-Induced Hypercalcemia

Simple SummaryStatic electric field (SEF) treatment by high-voltage alternating current is a traditional complementary medicine in Japan. Although it is believed that the SEF-induced electric current serves to regulate cellular or humoral responses in patients, the mechanism for SEF treatment remains poorly understood. There have been very few experimental reports on the biological action with SEF treatment. The aim of this study was to elucidate the effects of SEF treatment on vitamin D3 (Vit D3)-induced abnormalities in mice. SEF treatment improved the abnormalities in the renal function tests and the imbalance of serum electrolytes. In addition, this treatment remarkably attenuated the Vit D3-induced tissue injuries (severe tissue calcification in the kidneys, hearts, and stomachs). It was likely that the SEF treatment had some favorable effects on the metabolism of calcium. In conclusion, this study provides important evidence that SEF treatment can reduce hypercalcemia and remove calcium deposits from the renal, cardiac, and gastric tissues. SEF treatment is useful in the regulation of disorders caused by an imbalance of serum electrolytes. This study experimentally demonstrates the favorable effects of SEF treatment on Vit D3-induced hypercalcemia. For small animals, the larger the body surface area per body weight becomes, the higher the therapeutic efficacy with SEF treatment.The purpose of this study was to elucidate the effects of static electric field (SEF) treatment on vitamin D3 (Vit D3)-induced hypercalcemia and renal calcification in mice. The mice were assigned to three groups: Vit D3-treated mice, mice treated with Vit D3 and SEF (Vit D3 + SEF), and untreated mice. After the administration of Vit D3, the Vit D3 + SEF-treated mice were exposed to SEF treatment by a high-voltage alternating current over five days. Serum biochemical examinations revealed that both the creatinine and blood urea nitrogen concentrations were significantly higher in the Vit D3-treated group. Significantly, decreased Cl concentrations, and increased Ca and inorganic phosphorus concentrations, were found in the Vit D3-treated group. In the Vit D3 + SEF-treated group, these parameters returned to the levels of the untreated group. In the Vit D3-treated group, histopathological examinations showed marked multifocal calcification in the lumens of the renal tubules and the renal parenchyma. The myocardium was replaced by abundant granular mineralization (calcification), with degeneration and necrosis of the calcified fibers. The stomach showed calcification of the cardiac mucosa. SEF treatment remarkably attenuated the Vit D3-induced hypervitaminotic injuries. In conclusion, this study provides important evidence that SEF treatment can reduce hypercalcemia and remove calcium deposits from the renal, cardiac, and gastric tissues. SEF treatment is useful in the regulation of disorders caused by an imbalance of serum electrolytes.

Charge currents and induced magnetic fields in a bounded two-dimensional hydrogen atom

The present work involves solving the time-independent Schrodinger equation for a two-dimensional (2D) hydrogen atom under the combined effect of static electric field, magnetic field and circular confinement. A study of the influence of external fields as well as spatial confinement on charge currents and induced magnetic fields has been carried out. It has been found that applied magnetic field reduces Stark shifts. The presence of tight spatial confinement leads to increase in the magnitude of currents as well as induced magnetic fields. In fact, induced magnetic field of the order of 400 T has been observed in one of the cases. The results of the work may prove helpful in manipulating these currents and fields.

The H+ ions and static electric field effects on the adsorption and detection of cyanogen fluoride on the surface of boron nitride nanocage: a DFT, TD-DFT study

By using the DFT and TD-DFT method, the potential of B12N12 nanocage to adsorb and detect of cyanogen fluoride (FCN) as a toxic gas molecule in the present of 1H+, 2H+, and 3H+ ions field and static electric field (SEF) were investigated at the WB97XD level of theory at the 6-31G (d, p) basis set. The structural and electrical parameters, adsorption energy, quantum descriptor, quantum theory of atom in the molecule (QTAIM), reduced density gradient (RDG), nonlinear optical properties (NLO), UV–Visible transitions, and thermodynamic parameters were calculated and results were analyzed. The adsorption energy (Eads), Enthalpy (ΔH) and Gibbs free energy (ΔG) values for all adsorption models were negative, and adsorption of FCN on the B12N12 nanocage was exothermic in the thermodynamic approach. The bandgap energy of all adsorption models is in the range of 7.60–11.08 eV, and with increasing the H+ ions functionalized and SEF, the bandgap energy of FCN/B12N12 complex decreased significantly from the pristine model, and so the conductivity and sensitivity of nanocluster increased. The QTAIM, ELF, LOL, and RDG results demonstrated that the attractive interaction between FCN and B12N12 in all models was a strong covalent bond. The NLO results revealed that the 3H+ functionalized B12N12 in presence of FCN was optically active. On the other hand, the calculated results demonstrated that the B12N12 nanocluster in the presence of 700 × 10−3 a.u electrostatic field (SEF0.70-z) and functionalizing 3H+ ions was a good strategy for adsorbing and making a sensitive sensor for FCN toxic gas.

Electron-related nonlinear optical properties of cylindrical quantum dot with the Rosen–Morse axial potential

We present a theoretical study on the effects of intense laser field (ILF) and static electric field on the linear and nonlinear optical properties of a cylindrical quantum dot with Rosen–Morse axial potential under the framework of effective mass and parabolic band approximations. This study also takes into account the effects of the structure parameters (η, V1, and R). The analytical expressions of the linear, third-order nonlinear and total optical absorption coefficients (TOACs) and the relative refractive index changes (RRICs) are obtained by using the compact-density-matrix approach. The results of numerical calculations show that the resonant peak position of the TOACs and RRICs shifts towards lower energies and the magnitude of the peak increases with the effect of the static electric field and ILF. In addition, it is observed that while the resonant energies of the TOACs and RRICs of system shift towards the higher (lower) energies with the enhancement of η, V1, they decrease with the augmentation of R. Thus, the findings of this study show that the optical properties of the structure can be adjusted by changing the magnitude of structure parameters and applied external fields.

Electronic Dynamics in 2D Aperiodic Systems under Effect of Electric Field

On a square lattice with aperiodic hopping terms, the dynamics of an initially localized one electron wave‐packet is investigated using a Taylor formalism to solve Schrödinger dynamic equation. The calculations suggest that a fast electron propagation (ballistic mode) is detected for a range of values of aperiodicity measure ν. When inserting static electric field effects in the model, the existence of an oscillatory behavior analogously to electronic dynamics in crystalline systems is verified (i.e., Bloch oscillations). The frequency and the the size of these oscillations are analyzed and the results are compared with the standard semi‐classical approach used in crystalline lattices.

Hydrate formation under static and pulsed electric fields

For the first time, numerous experiments were carried out to evaluate the effect of electric field (EF) on the mechanism of naturally occurring THF hydrate formation. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software was utilized to analyze the experimental data. First, the effect of static electric field (SEF) strength on nucleation temperature (T-nuc) and growth time (t-growth) studied. Based on the statistical results, increasing the intensity of SEF induces nucleation at a relatively high temperature. Furthermore, the completion of solidification takes a longer time than the same process in the absence of SEF. The notable point is that by switching a SEF to a pulsed electric field (PEF) of equal voltage, the EF effectiveness on the two mentioned kinetic parameters significantly reduces. The other point is that applying EF heightens the enthalpy of fusion of THF hydrate.

Elucidating the Effect of Static Electric Field on Amyloid Beta 1–42 Supramolecular Assembly

Amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregation is recognized to be a key toxic factor in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease, which is the most common progressive neurodegenerative disorder. In vitro experiments have elucidated that Aβ aggregation depends on several factors, such as pH, temperature and peptide concentration. Despite the research effort in this field, the fundamental mechanism responsible for the disease progression is still unclear. Recent research has proposed the application of electric fields as a non-invasive therapeutic option leading to the disruption of amyloid fibrils. In this regard, a molecular level understanding of the interactions governing the destabilization mechanism represents an important research advancement. Understanding the electric field effects on proteins, provides a more in-depth comprehension of the relationship between protein conformation and electrostatic dipole moment.The present study focuses on investigating the effect of static Electric Field (EF) on the conformational dynamics of Aβ fibrils by all-atom Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations. The outcome of this work provides novel insight into this research field, demonstrating how the Aβ assembly may be destabilized by the applied EF.

A comparative study on influences of static electric field and power frequency electric field on cognition in mice

Recently, electromagnetic fields around ultra-high voltage transmission lines have received considerable attentions for their potential biological effects. This study aimed to investigate the effects of static electric field (SEF) and power frequency electric field (PFEF) on cognition. Mice were exposed to SEF and PFEF with the same strength (35 kV/m) for 49 days, respectively. Behaviors in Morris water maze test and amino acid neurotransmitter levels in hippocampus were examined during exposure. Results indicated that the exposure of 35 kV/m SEF would not cause significant influences on learning and memory ability in mice, while the exposure of 35 kV/m PFEF would cause significant positive effects on learning and memory ability in mice on day 33. This difference in effects from SEF and PFEF on cognition was possibly induced by the difference in the degree of molecular polarization and ion migration in organisms under exposure of two kinds of electric fields with different frequency.

Simulation of the Static Electric Field Effect on the Director Orientation of Nematic Liquid Crystal in the Transition State

The effect of static electric field on a nematic cell with side electrodes in the transition state (which occurs in the initial stage of field effect on the cell) has been investigated within the two-dimensional dynamic model. The dynamic model is compared with the previously used static one. The two-dimensional dynamic model is found to yield better agreement with the experiment.

Evaluation of the static electric field effects on freezing parameters of some food systems

In present study the effect of freezing in the absence and presence of static electric field (SEF) on selected freezing parameters of liquid and solid food including: distilled water, NaCl solutions, mushroom extract and mushroom were investigated. The static electric field was applied at the intensities of 0.0–9.6 × 105 V/m during freezing at -30 ± 1 °C. The freezing parameters of different samples were evaluated from the freezing curve of them. Results showed that among the different samples, the pure water had the highest freezing temperature, supercooling degree and shortest phase transition period in the absence of electric field. By applying the electric field, the nucleation temperature and phase transition period of the samples increased. The highest nucleation temperature was observed in the pure water under 6.4 × 105 V/m electric field. The nucleation temperature of the other samples showed an optimum value in the intensity of 3.2 × 105 V/m.

Numerical Modeling of the Static Electric Field Effect on the Director of the Nematic Liquid Crystal Director

A two-dimensional model of the Frederiks effect is used to investigate the static electric field effect on the orientation of the nematic liquid crystal (LC) director in a side-electrode cell. The solutions are obtained by the standard finite-difference methods. The programs for the numerical solution of a two-dimensional parabolic partial differential equation are developed both in FORTRAN and C/C++. The Frederiks transition threshold for the central part of the cell and the dependences of the director’s orientation distribution on a high electric field are obtained. The results of the calculation are compared with the experimental data.