Effect Of Stabilizers Research Articles

Effect of oxygen tolerant probiotic strain, stabilizers and copper addition on the storage stability of Aloe vera supplemented synbiotic lassi

In the present investigation, attempts were made to increase the storage stability of Aloe vera synbiotic lassi (ASL) by adding different stabilizers HMP (High Methoxy Pectin) and CMC (Carboxy Methyl Cellulose), and copper as an anti-microbial agent. Addition of HMP increased pH and apparent viscosity, decreased acidity and serum separation, and improved the consistency and sensory attributes. Addition of CMC increased whey syneresis, and decreased viscosity and sensory attributes. Considering the physico-chemical and sensory attributes, addition of HMP (0.3 g/100 g ASL) was found suitable for its addition in ASL. Copper was added at 2.5 and 5 mg/kg level of ASL. Copper addition significantly (p < 0.05) decreased serum separation and increased oxidation in ASL. Probiotic count remained above 7.5log CFU/mL during the 16 days of refrigerated storage. Both control and copper added samples were stable upto 16 days of storage at refrigerated temperature (5±1 °C) in Low density polyethylene (LDPE) pouches.

Investigation of the effect of amino-alcohol stabilizers on crystal structure, band gap and blue luminescence of Cu-doped ZnO nanoparticles prepared by sol-gel method

Investigation of the effect of amino-alcohol stabilizers on crystal structure, band gap and blue luminescence of Cu-doped ZnO nanoparticles prepared by sol-gel method

Effects of a conventional mood stabilizer alone or in combination with second‐generation antipsychotics on recurrence rate and discontinuation rate in bipolar I disorder in the maintenance phase: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized, placebo‐controlled trials

A systematic review and meta-analysis of double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trials were conducted to examine how soon an increase in recurrence risk could be observed among bipolar I disorder (BDI) patients who were clinically stable with the combination therapy of mood stabilizers with second-generation antipsychotics (SGA+MS) treatment following second-generation antipsychotics discontinuation (i.e., MS alone) compared with SGA+MS maintenance. Embase, PubMed, and CENTRAL databases were used for systematic literature searches until May/22/2020. The primary outcome was the recurrence rate of any mood episode at 6months. The secondary outcomes were the recurrence rates of manic/hypomanic/mixed and depressive episodes and all-cause discontinuation at 6months. The recurrence rates at 1, 2, 3, 9, and 12months were also investigated. Eight studies (mean study duration=58.25±33.63weeks) were identified (SGA+MS group [n=1,456: 3 aripiprazole+MS studies, 1 lurasidone+MS study, 1 olanzapine+MS study, 2 quetiapine+MS studies, 1 ziprasidone+MS study] and placebo+MS group [n=1,476]). Pooled SGA+MS exhibited lower recurrence rates of any mood episode, manic/hypomanic/mixed episodes, and depressive episodes as well as reduced all-cause discontinuation at every observational point. The risk ratios (95% confidence interval) of the recurrence rate at 6months were 0.51 (0.39-0.86) for any mood episode, 0.42 (0.30-0.59) for manic/hypomanic/mixed episodes, and 0.39 (0.28-0.54) for depressive episodes. The RR for all-cause discontinuation was 0.67 (0.50-0.89). Both aripiprazole+MS and quetiapine+MS outperformed placebo+MS in the recurrence of any mood, manic/hypomanic/mixed, and depressive episodes at 6months. SGA+MS prevented recurrence for up to 12months for BDI compared with placebo+MS.

The use of photogenerated iodine in determination of the dibazol content in solid and liquid dosage formulations

A rapid method for the determination of Dibazol (bendazol hydrochloride) in liquid and solid dosage forms (DF) has been developed. The method is based on converting the drug into an analytical form and titrating the physiologically active compound (PAC) with a solution of photogenerated iodine obtained by irradiation of an auxiliary solution containing potassium iodide, a mixture of sensitizers (sodium eosinate: fluorescein: auramine, taken in a molar ratio of 1:1:1) and an acetate buffer solution (pH 5.6). A decrease in the titrant content in the cell due to interaction with Dibazol was recorded by a decrease in the current in the amperometric circuit. Stabilization of the current in the circuit indicated the completeness of the reaction, thus providing for estimation of the PAC content in a DF. Further irradiation of the solution and measurement of the generation time required to replenish the titrant loss in the cell also ensure the quantitative estimation of the PAC content in the preparation. The method has been tested on solid dosage form and sterile solutions of Dibazol intended for intramuscular and intravenous administration. A slight effect of stabilizers (hydrochloric acid, ethanol) and auxiliary substances (potato starch) present in the DF on the photogeneration of the titrant was observed. The determined Dibazol content in solid and liquid DF falls within the range recommended by the order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (26.10.2015 No. 751n) and OFS.1.4.2.0009.15, which indicates that the quality of the drug meets the GMP standards. The linear dependence of the analytical signal on the Dibazol concentration is observed in the range of 13.5 – 134.7 mg for the drug «Dibazol-UBF, tablets, 20 mg». The calculated limits of Dibazol detection and quantitative determination by changes in the current strength and generation time are (4.71; 3.56) and (14.26; 10.77) mg, respectively. The use of developed technique in the analysis of drugs containing Dibazol reduces both the time of single determination due to the absence of the need for standardization of solutions, and the cost of a single analysis, since it does not require the use of expensive equipment and reagents.

Calcium superphosphate as an inorganic stabilizer for modified-Fenton treatment of diesel-contaminated soil with two different exogenous iron sources

Catalyzed hydrogen peroxide propagation (CHP) processes are widely applied for the remediation of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soils, but greatly limited by the rapid decomposition of H2O2. Although phosphate stabilizer can extend the lifetime of H2O2 in the soil systems, it is unclear about the effect of stabilizers on the processes with different exogenous iron species that are frequently added to accelerate the Fenton-like reactions. Herein, calcium superphosphate (CAP) was used as a H2O2 stabilizer in the modified-Fenton treatment of the diesel spiked soil with two exogenous iron species, a citrate chelated ferric complex (IC) and an iron mineral (γ-Fe2O3 immobilizing on montmorillonite, IB). A ratio of CAP to soil (RCS) at 1/10 can retain 49% of H2O2 within 24 h in the soil. The diesel removal efficiency in the IC based process reached 70% at 10 h after adding 480 mM H2O2 when IC and RCS were 90 mM and 1/10, which is much higher than that in the IB based process. In the latter system, only 23% diesel removal can be achieved at 48 h after adding the same dosage of H2O2 and CAP. This can be attributed to the higher concentration of hydroxyl radicals produced in the former process. The O2 detection showed that CAP can effectively retard H2O2 decomposition into O2 in the both processes. A relatively high dosage of CAP should be applied in the IC process to retain H2O2 and extend ·OH production for diesel degradation, while a relatively low dosage of CAP can promote the diesel removal by altering the O2 production through a superoxide radical mediated pathway.

A new method for designing bis-uracil derivatives as highly efficient and transparent PVC thermal stabilizer with excellent migration resistance

A bis-uracil derivative with a long aliphatic chain of 11 carbon atoms, USU-C, was synthesized by an optimized method. The migration rate test indicated that USU-C had better migration resistance compared to OSU. This advantage enabled the PVC samples containing USU-C to maintain good transparency and low haze for a long time. It had also been proven USU-C has better thermal stability and whiteness retention than OSU by the thermal stability tests. Based on summarizing this work and our previous studies, a new design method was proposed to enhance the transparency and thermal stability effect of thermal stabilizers on PVC based on Hansen solubility parameters (HSP) theory. Impressively, the quantitative mathematical function between the HSP and the carbon atom number in the long aliphatic chain of bis-uracil derivatives was also derived, which could be used to guide the structure design of new bis-uracil derivatives with long term migration resistance, preeminent transparency, and high thermal stability for PVC in the follow-up study, even other organic thermal stabilizers.

Comprehensive small-signal stability analysis of islanded synchronous generator-based microgrids

This paper presents a comprehensive small-signal stability analysis for synchronous generator (SG)-based microgrids (MGs) considering the control type of SGs and wide range of loading condition. The original aim is to evaluate the effect of loading conditions on the small-signal stability of droop-controlled and PQ-controlled SGs which has not been adequately addressed in the literature. To this purpose, complete state–space small-signal model of a typical medium voltage AC MG involving both droop-controlled and PQ-controlled SGs is developed. This facilitates stability studies by means of eigenvalue analysis. Results show that the small-signal stability behavior of droop-controlled SGs is different from that of PQ-controlled SGs. It is found that droop-controlled SGs show weaker stability or even instability in light loading condition. It is found that operation of PQ-controlled SGs in the presence of droop-controlled SGs can result in better stability of SG-based MG at light loading conditions. Effect of reference powers of PQ-controlled SGs on small-signal stability is also investigated. Moreover, the effect of Power System Stabilizer (PSS) on the damping of the weak stability or instability observed in low loading conditions of droop-controlled SG-based MGs is investigated. Time-domain simulations are used in order to verify the proposed theoretical analysis. • Droop and PQ-controlled synchronous generators (SGs) are modeled in state-space. • Stability of droop and PQ-controlled SGs is investigated in wide range of loadings. • Droop-controlled SGs show weaker stability or even instability in light loadings. • Operation of some SGs in PQ mode instead of droop results in better stability.

Valproate Reverses Mania-Like Behavior of Clock delta19 Mouse and Alters Monoamine Neurotransmitters Metabolism in the Hippocampus.

BackgroundMice with a deletion at exon 19 of the circadian locomotor output cycles Kaput gene (Clockdelta19) exhibit mania-like behavior and have been one of the most common animal models for bipolar disorder (BD). The predictive validity of the Clockdelta19 was investigated via studies using lithium previously. Determination of effects of other mood stabilizers on Clockdelta19 mouse would be helpful for better understanding of the mechanism underlined.MethodsWildtype (WT) and Clockdelta19 mice were treated with saline (n = 10 for WT and n=10 for Clockdelta19) or valproate (VPA) (n = 10 for WT and n=10 for Clockdelta19) for 10 days. The hyperactivity, anxiety-like behaviors and depression-like behaviors were tested. The concentration of monoamine neurotransmitters and their metabolites in the hippocampus of saline or VPA treated WT and Clockdelta19 mouse (n = 8 for each) were also determined.ResultsVPA can reverse hyperactivity, lower level of anxiety-like and depression-like behaviors of the Clockdelta19 mouse. Clockdelta19 mouse exhibited lower levels of serotonin (5-HT) and dopamine (DA) in right hippocampus compared to WT mouse. Chronic VPA treatment did not affect the levels of 5-HT and DA, but can reduce the level of levodopa (L-DOPA) in the right hippocampus of Clockdelta19 mouse.ConclusionOur results indicated that chronic VPA treatment can reverse the mania-like behaviors of the Clockdelta19 mouse and further consolidate the validity of the Clockdelta19 mouse as a model of BD. Monoamine neurotransmitters and their metabolites in the hippocampus are partly regulated by mutation of the Clock gene or VPA treatment.

Grafted UV absorber as voltage stabilizer against electrical degradation and breakdown in cross-linked polyethylene for high voltage cable insulation

Voltage stabilizers are widely used to improve the resistance to electrical treeing degradation and breakdown of cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) insulating materials. However, the effects of voltage stabilizers under high temperatures are not fully investigated by now, and the long-term effect of voltage stabilizers is still a concern due to its poor compatibility with polymer. In this work, the UV absorber 4-allyloxy-2-hydroxybenzophenone (AOHBP) which contains an unsaturated graftable vinyl group was demonstrated as a high-efficiency voltage stabilizer and compared with an ungraftable UV absorber as reference. Characterization by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) indicated that the AOHBP could be grafted onto the macromolecules of XLPE through radical addition reaction on the vinyl during peroxide cross-linking process. The test results of electrical tree initiation, electrical tree propagation and breakdown strength indicated that the grafted voltage stabilizer AOHBP exhibited higher efficiency than the ungrafted UV absorber and could comprehensively improve the electrical tree initiation voltage, inhibit the electrical tree propagation and improve the breakdown strength of XLPE at different temperatures. Through the electrical aging test with the longest aging time of up to 6000h, the AOHBP was confirmed to still maintain the initial effect on improving the breakdown strength after aging, which indicated that the migration and precipitation of AOHBP was restrained by the grafting reaction. The mechanism of AOHBP improving the electrical properties by scavenging high-energy electrons was analyzed by theoretical calculation based on density functional theory (DFT). It was proposed that the graftable AOHBP is a promising voltage stabilizer.

Influence of stabilizers on the sustaintending of cellulose polymer systems

This article provides information on the formation of polymer systems, dispersion of cellulose, the effect of stabilizers on the stability of polymer systems and polymer stabilizers. Polymer systems obtained with the help of stabilizers and their fields of application are considered. The stability of polymeric materials is related to their susceptibility to chemical exchange. of the natural polymers, cellulose is one of the polymers used for many purposes in many industries. of the synthetic polymers, polyvinyl chloride is one of the most widely used.

ECB Communication as a Stabilization and Coordination Device: Evidence from Ex-Ante Inflation Uncertainty

This paper investigates the impact of ECB communication of its assessment of the economic outlook on ex-ante inflation uncertainty and sheds light on how central bank information shocks operate. The paper finds that ECB communication of new outlook information not only reduces professional forecasters’ disagreement (i.e., the cross-sectional dispersion of their average point forecasts of inflation) but also makes forecasters less uncertain about their own beliefs, thus reducing ex-ante average individual uncertainty. By combining and exploiting these types of ex-ante inflation uncertainty, results suggest that central bank information acts as a “coordination device” able to influence opinions and actions. Most importantly, it generates a “stabilizer effect” by substantially decreasing the dispersion among the inflation point forecasts, which converge towards their unconditional aggregate mean. The results of this paper not only help to explain the impact of new central bank information, but they are also useful for policymakers to define a communication strategy that attenuates ex-ante inflation uncertainty in the most effective way. JEL Classification: D83, E52, E58, E65, G14

Acute and Long Term Treatment of Manic Episodes in Bipolar Disorder.

Bipolar disorder is a disabling psychiatric disorder which causes premature death and loss of quality of life. Despite the developments, novel treatments are partially effective and insufficient responses to treatment may cause loss of quality of life. Contemporary approaches to treatment planning involve taking the current symptoms and the personal treatment history of the patient into account and tailoring them for the treatment of each patient, i.e. individualized treatment. In this article, effects and side effects of antipsychotics, mood stabilizers and sedative hypnotic medications are reviewed and presented briefly for clinicians. Although novel developments have been observed in the literature about mixed states and psychotic symptoms, evidence-based options are still limited. Efficacy of mood stabilizers may be prolonged and additional medications may also be needed frequently in patients treated with mood stabilizers. Antipsychotics may cause several side effects and cannot be maintained for a long time in some of those patients. These factors may limit the use of mood stabilizers or antipsychotics. Therefore, the experience of the clinician and personal history of the patient still have importance in the procedure.

REVIEW ENHANCEMENT OF THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY AND HEAT TRANSFER USING CARBON NANOTUBE FOR NANOFLUIDS AND IONANOFLUIDS

This paper attempts to present a clearer picture, a detailed and up to date review of the heat transfer enhancement and thermal conductivity improvement for conventional fluids by adding carbon nanotubes or hybrid carbon nanotubes in the base fluid to obtain nanofluids or ionanofluid. Carbon nanotubes have attracted the interest of different researchers because of their high thermal conductivity that exceeds other equivalent types of nanoparticles. In view of this, the effect of different key factors like concentration, temperature and shape type of nanoparticles on the thermal conductivity improvement in nanofluids were reviewed. Moreover, the effect of surfactant stabilizers on the carbon nanotubes nanofluids distribution was evaluated. The results that have been obtained from the valuable studies have been analyzed and some gaps have been found that need to be re-reviewed by the researchers

Effect of the addition of enological stabilizers on the wine filterability index: application of simplex-centroid

The search for quality improvement in wine has intensified the use of products and additives in the different stages of winemaking, from the receipt of the grapes until the bottling. Among the additives employed at the end of the process, we can cite the arabic gum, mannoproteins and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC). However, the addition of these products most of the times, is performed immediately before the final filtration, which can lead to inefficiency due to membrane clogging and also causing the retention of these stabilizers. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of different oenological stabilizers on the wine filterability index (FI) and its turbidity. The products were added to a white wine after tangential filtration (0.22 μm). Experimental design was used for mixtures, simplex-centroid. The maximum limits for each additive were established according to the current brazilian legislation, using the following products and doses: 0.3 g L -1 Arabic gum, 0.15 g L -1 of Mannoprotein and 0.1 g L -1 of CMC. The index was measured using specific software connected to the Vessel Data Filterability Index, developed and owned by AEB Engineering. The addition of mannoprotein compromises the filterability index and increases the turbidity of the wine. The application of CMC and arabic gum does not result in an IF enhancement that makes filtration impossible, the same effect occurs with turbidity. The presence of CMC and/or arabic gum produces an antagonistic effect, reducing the filterability index that the mannoprotein alone would result.

Ir-Ni based mono and bimetallic nanocrystals: synthesis, characterization and effect of cationic, anionic, and non-ionic stabilizers

Nickel based bimetallic nanocrystals, iridium-nickel play an imperative role in catalysis, electrocatalysis, and magnetic applications. In the present work Ir-Ni bimetallic nanoalloys were synthesized by modified polyol reduction method with different cationic, anionic, and non-ionic surface active agents like CTAB, SDS, TSC, and PVP. The non-ionic surface active agent PVP produced a better effect on nanoparticle size than cationic and anionic surfactants. The synthesized bimetallic nanocrystals were characterized by UV-Vis, XRD, FTIR, FESEM, and HRTEM techniques. XRD and FTIR verify the nature of synthesized bimetallic nanocrystals and the interaction between stabilizers and nanoparticles. HRTEM studies reveal that the PVP stabilized Ir-Ni (3:1) and Ir-Ni (1:1) bimetallic nanocrystals are small in size and less dispersed. Particle size range of these nanoparticles is from (1.77-2.36) nm. FESEM images show that nanoparticles are in quasi spherical shape. EDX analysis indicates that the resultant particles are core shell structure with Ni core and Ir shell.

The Effect of MgO Stabilizer on the Phase Composition and Microstructure of Zirconia Metering Nozzle Matrix

The phase composition and microstructure of ZrO2 metering nozzle matrix doped with different content stabilizer were researched by XRD, SEM and EDS. Result showed that the content of cubic phase increased accompanied with monoclinic phase decreased after sintering, different content of stabilizer made phase transition not the same; After sintering in the solid solution formed by MgO and ZrO2, with closer location to the MgO particles, substitution degree was more obvious, but the diffusion and solid solution state of the stabilizer were far from uniform.

Vibration Reduction Effect of Stabilizer with Valve Opened by Contact for Off-pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting

Vibration Reduction Effect of Stabilizer with Valve Opened by Contact for Off-pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting

Influence of “Nicoflok” Polymer-Mineral with Portland Cement on Granular Soils and Recycled Asphalt Material

In road construction projects, due to the high volume of soil materials, the costs of supplying and transporting high-quality materials are very high, they may also include the crossing between different geotechnical lands with different types of soils and soil stabilization used to modify resistance characteristics of soil materials in different layers of the road. Addition of a stabilizing agent can improve the properties of aggregates and subgrade soils. In this study, the effect caused by the combined action of polymer-mineral composition “Nicoflok” and cement stabilization on the strength characteristics and durability of local materials, adopted from under-construction Ilkhchi highway project, was investigated. In addition, the effects of stabilizers on the recycled asphalt materials was studied to assess the possibility of using them in the pavement structure. Samples with 0, 0.5, 0.9 and 1.3 percent of Nicoflok combined with varying percentages of cement content were made and CBR tests were conducted after curing. Strength degradation of samples under 50 cycles of freeze-thaw was also investigated. The results show that addition of cement- Nicoflok admixture to the subgrade soil considerably increases CBR values, which leads to reduction of the required material amount. The efficiency of this polymer with Portland cement depends on several factors, such as the amount of cement, curing time, size and shape of soil grains. The optimum dosage of Nicoflok was 0.9% mixed with 1% cement. Stabilizing the base and recycled asphalt materials with cement and Nicoflok also improves the long-term performance of the pavement.

Scientific Justification of Acute Toxicity Parameters of Semi-finished Proteins and Carbohydrates with Food Systems’ Stabilizer

The topicality. Today, the use of traditional stabilizers, such as flour, starch, gelatin, is ineffective. To improve the properties of semi-finished protein-carbohydrate (NBV) was chosen stabilizer of food systems “Astri Gel”, consisting of 8 additives with an index of E and d-glucose. Each of the E-components, provided excessive intakes, can cause intoxication. Therefore, scientific studies aimed at determining the parameters of acute toxicity of NBV using the stabilizer “Astri Gel” are relevant.The purpose of the article is to identify possible manifestations of acute toxicity from the consumption of NBV with stabilizer of food systems “Astri Gel” and determine the class of its toxicity. The research methods on biological objects have been used (in vivo), experimental planning, the method of Probit-analysis of Litchfield and Wilcoxon.Results. The effect of food stabilizer has been investigated “Astri Gel” on the body of white linear rats. The general fluidity of a clinical picture at acute toxicity at laboratory animals after introduction of NBV with the “Astri Gel” stabilizer has been studied. Thus, no animal died during the experiment, only some of them experienced moderate poisoning due to the introduction of maximum doses of NBV (7.5 ... 9.0 g per rat). The dependence of “effect-dose” after consumption by rats of NBV with the stabilizer “Astri Gel” has been established on the basis of which parameters of acute toxicity of the stabilizer have been calculated: indicators of lethal and effective doses, degree of its safety. Thus, according to the results of in vivo studies, the LD50 for NBV in terms of stabi­lizer “Astri Gel” was 17.87 g / kg (with estimated values of LD16 = 4.75 g / kg, LD84 = 67.20 g / kg, and LD99 =395.95 g / kg), which corresponds to the fifth class of toxicity of additives and certifies its practical non-toxicity.Conclusions and discussions. The safety of the stabilizer for the mammalian body indicates its feasibility in the technology of food and semi-finished products, including NBV and dessert products.

Development of bio-based stabilizers and their effects on the performance of SBS-modified asphalt

Polymer-modified asphalt has been widely used in pavement engineering thanks to its excellent road performance. However, differences in the molecular structure, molecular weight, and density of polymer modifiers and base asphalt binders make modified asphalts prone to phase separate into the modifier and the base asphalt binder during static processes, such as transportation and storage. To ensure the storage stability of polymer-modified asphalt, stabilizers are usually added in the polymer-modified asphalt preparation process. Sulfur powder is a commonly used stabilizer with a good stabilizing effect for the preparation of modified asphalt but faces the problems of fire hazard and environmental pollution. In this study, based on the compounding process, three environmentally friendly and safe bio-based sulfur stabilizers were developed. Based on the preparation and performance evaluation of styrene-butadienestyrene block copolymer–modified asphalt under the same conditions, the effects of bio-based stabilizers on the performance of the modified asphalt were investigated. A comparative evaluation of the physical properties of modified asphalts was used to infer the high-temperature performance from the rutting factor measured by a dynamic shear rheological test. The low-temperature performance was inferred from the stiffness S and the m value measured by the bending beam rheological test. The elastic recovery performance of asphalt was characterized in terms of the average percent recovery R and the nonrecoverable creep compliance Jnr, as measured by a multiple stress creep recovery test. The microscopic morphology of the modified asphalt was observed under a fluorescence microscope. The results showed that the modified asphalts prepared with bio-based stabilizers all had low 135 °C viscosity and good high- and low-temperature performance. The best rheological parameters were found for modified asphalt prepared with Stabilizer A, followed by that prepared with Stabilizer C and then Stabilizer B. Both the original and the short-term-aged modified asphalt containing Stabilizer A showed good network structure under the fluorescence microscope. In addition, the costs of bio-based stabilizers were similar to that of traditional sulfur powder.