Effect Of Sodium Carbonate Research Articles

Effect of Sodium Carbonate on the Cloud Point in Alkyl Ether/Brine Systems: Apparent Relation with Dynamic Interfacial Tension Minimum

AbstractThe effect of Na2CO3 on the cloud point in Na2CO3/surfactant/brine was investigated using two series of nonionic surfactants, C13EOx and C17EOx. The cloud point, Tcp, was found to decrease linearly with increasing Na2CO3 concentration. This was attributed to Na+ and particularly to CO32−salting‐out effect. The slope a = dTcp/d[Na2CO3] became more and more negative as the degree of ethoxylation is increased, suggesting that the higher the number of ethylene oxide (EO) groups the stronger is the cloud point depression for a given increment in Na+and CO32−ions in solution. This was also illustrated by the linear variation of ΔTcp = Tcp,0 − Tcp,[Na2CO3] with the surfactant degree of ethoxylation.

The effect of sodium carbonate on the dispersion behaviour and froth flotation of a nickel ore

The effect of sodium carbonate on the dispersion behaviour and froth flotation of a nickel ore

Diesel Fuel From Waste Lubricating Oil by Pyrolitic Distillation

Recycling and rerefining are the applicable processes for upgrading of petroleum-based wastes by converting them into reusable products such as gasoline, diesel fuel, and heavy oil. Possible acceptable processes are cracking and pyrolysis. The aim of the study was to obtain diesel fuel from waste lubricating oil by pyrolitic distillation method, which can be used in diesel engines. If the purpose were to maximize the yield of distillate products resulting from crude oil pyrolysis, a low temperature, high heating rate, and short gas residence time process would be required. The effect of sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) as an additive on density, viscosity, flash point, sulfur content, higher heating value, and pyrolytic distillation yields was investigated. The purified oil samples are blended separately with additives having mass basis of 2%, 6%, and 10%. The mixed samples were exposed to pyrolytic distillation process to produce fuels to be used in engines.

The Influence of Blowing Agent on Physical Performance of Porous Glass-Ceramics by Using Waste Glass

Use calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate and barium carbonate as blowing agent, polyethylene glycol as binder,Cr2O3 as nucleating agent,TiO2 as nucleating agent,CaF2 as a flux in glass powder, we can produce porous glass-ceramics, and after above research, the apparent density, powder density, porosity, the main phase, microscopic characteristics and thermal performance of the samples would be test. The results show that: considering the physical and mechanical performance of porous glass-ceramics, the froth effect of sodium carbonate is most ideal. When the dosage is 6%, the apparent density is minimum, the porosity is maximum and the thermal conductivity is maximum and the main phase is wollastonite.

Effects of sodium carbonate on the carbothermic reduction of siderite ore with high phosphorus content

Siderite ore with high phosphorus content was reduced isothermally at 1,050° C with pulverized coal and different dosages of sodium carbonate. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive analysis of X-rays (EDAX) were used to characterize the samples. The influence of sodium carbonate on the carbothermic reduction process was investigated. Sodium carbonate and its dosage played a considerable role in the carbothermic reduction. The iron particle size in the reduced ore was below 20 µm, and fayalite was abundant without sodium carbonate additive. With a mass ratio of Na2CO3-to-ore of 5% additive, the iron particle size in the reduced ore was generally above 50 µm, and the diffraction intensity associated with metallic iron in the XRD pattern increased. The effect of sodium carbonate on the phase transformation of fluorapatite during carbothermic reduction was also addressed via thermodynamic calculations and aqueous leaching experiments. The results showed that the fluorapatite was not reduced to P2 at 1,050° C, and a portion of the fluorapatite was converted to soluble phosphate. The reduction of siderite can be catalyzed by adding an appropriate amount of sodium carbonate. This catalytic activity was caused by an increase in the reducing reaction activity of FeO and the acceleration of the carbon gasification reactions. The decrease in phosphorous content in the iron concentrate was attributed to an improvement in the separation of the iron phase from the slag phase when sodium carbonate was added and with the formation of soluble phosphate.

Effect of Na 2CO 3 on hexagonal boron nitride prepared from urea and boric acid

Formation of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) from a precursor obtained by the reaction of urea and boric acid was studied in nitrogen, ammonia and argon atmospheres in 700–1200 °C temperature range. Effect of sodium carbonate (Na 2CO 3) addition on this process was investigated. Reaction products were subjected to X-ray diffraction, particle size distribution, gravimetric and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy analyses. Particle size and crystallite thickness of the formed hBN were seen to increase from about 60 nm and 5 nm at 700 °C to 230 nm and 19 nm at 1200 °C, respectively in NH 3 atmosphere with Na 2CO 3 addition. Highest conversion of boron in the precursor into hBN was achieved as 73.6% when Na 2CO 3 added precursor was reacted at 1200 °C in NH 3. hBN powder with high yield and relatively large particle size was obtained at low temperature such as 1200 °C with Na 2CO 3 addition. Role of Na 2CO 3 addition was suggested to be formation of a sodium borate melt from which hBN crystallized via the reaction of borate and nitrogen ions in the melt. Obtained hBN has the potential for utilization as a clean starting material for synthesis of B or N containing compounds.

Effect of sodium carbonate on some properties of magnesia cement

Effect of sodium carbonate on some properties of magnesia cement

Mooney scorch time and cure index of epoxidized natural rubber in presence of sodium carbonate

AbstractThe effect of sodium carbonate on the Mooney scorch time and cure index of epoxidized natural rubber (ENR 50) was studied with concentrations of 0–2 phr and 100–160°C temperatures. A conventional vulcanization system based on an ASTM formulation was used throughout the investigation on the gum and carbon black filled rubber compound. The results indicated that the scorch time and cure index for the gum and filled compounds increased to a maximum value at 0.15 phr of sodium carbonate, and further loading of sodium carbonate caused it to decrease. This observation was attributed to the neutralization of the residual acid in ENR 50 in the initial stage, thus reducing the formation of ether crosslinks via an acid‐catalyzed ring‐opening reaction with the epoxide group in ENR 50. However, as the sodium carbonate was increased beyond 0.15 phr, the excess sodium carbonate enhanced the vulcanization rate as shown by the drop of the scorch time and cure index. The peak maximum was more evident at lower temperature and its peak height decreased with increasing temperature, suggesting that the neutralization effect by sodium carbonate was overshadowed by the faster cure rate resulting from the availability of thermal energy to overcome the activation energy of vulcanization as the temperature was elevated. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 82: 1352–1355, 2001

The effect of Na2CO3 on the catalytic gasification of rice straw over nickel catalysts supported on kieselguhr

Rice straw was catalytically gasified over nickel catalysts supported on kieselguhr. Ni catalyst activated the gasification step from the formed oil. The effect of sodium carbonate on the formation of carbonized solid, oil and gas composition was also investigated. With the addition of sodium carbonate, the gas yield was largely increased and the formation of oil through liquefaction also increased. A reaction pathway on the gasification of rice straw was discussed.

Spectrophotometric determination of 1,4-dihydroxyanthraquinone

A spectrophotometric method for the determination of 1,4-dihydroxyanthraquinone in a mixed solvent system consisting of sulfuric acid and N,N-dimethylformamide is described. The effect of sodium carbonate, anthraquinone and mechanical impurities (dust) on the results is discussed. The accuracy of the measurements is better than 1%.

Effects of different carbon sources on the growth of anabaena sphaerica

本文研究了有机碳源和无机碳源对球胞鱼腥藻生长的影响, 结果表明:有机碳源中葡萄糖以0.5—1.0μg/mL、蔗糖以5.0μg/mL促进其生长效果最好;无机碳源中, 碳酸钠以10.0—15.0μg/mL、碳酸氢钠以10.0μg/mL效果最好。葡萄糖和蔗糖的浓度高低对球孢鱼腥藻叶绿素a的含量没有明显影响, 但前者略高于后者。碳酸钠和碳酸氢钠的浓度在5.0μg/mL时均提高了叶绿素a含量。四种碳源都提高了球孢鱼腥藻的同氮活性, 有机碳源中蔗糖优于葡萄塘, 无机碳源中碳酸钠优于碳酸氢钠。;The effects of organic and inorganic sources on the growth of Anabaena syhaaerica HB 1017 are studied. The result shows that in organic carbon sources，the most effective concentrations of glucose and sucrose are 0. 5-1. 0 pg/mL and 5. 0 pg/mL respectively;while in the inorganic carbon soureces，the most effective concentrations of sodium carbonat and bicarbonat are 10. 0-15. 0 pg/mL and 10. Oug/mL respectively. The concentration of glucose or sucrose have no influence on the chlorophyll., but A. sphaerica HB 1017 bit a little more chlorophyll a when cultured in medium containing glucose than in containing suerose. Both sourcess carbonate of the four carbon and bicarbonate raise chlorophyll_a at the concentration of 5. 0 pg/mL. All sources can in the organic carbon sources enhance the nitrogen-fixing ability of A. sphaeria HB 1017，but sucrose has greater effect than glucose;while in the inorganic carbon sources，the effect of sodium carbonate is greater than that of sodium bicarbonate.

Combined effect of lignosulfonate and carbonate on pure portland clinker compounds hydration. V. Hydration of dicalcium silicate alone and in the presence of tricalcium aluminate

The effect of sodium carbonate and/or sodium lignosulfonate on the hydration of C 2S alone and in the presence of C 3A has been examinated by DTG and TG curves and by zeta potential measurements. The combined addition of sodium carbonate and lignosulfonate retards the C 2S hydration to a lower extent than that observed for the C 3S hydration. The retarding effect on the C 2S hydration is significantly lower in the presence of 20% C 3A. On the other hand, the early C 3A hydration is completely blocked by admixtures simultaneously added. Addition of 0.9% sodium carbonate without lignosulfonate blocks the early hydration of both C 3A and C 2S. This effect was not found in the C 3SC 3A system.

ChemInform Abstract: EFFECT OF SODIUM CARBONATE ON THE HYDRATION OF TRICALCIUM SILICATE

AbstractWie Be‐ Stimmungen der Gehalte an freiem CaO, nicht verdampfbarem H2O, an Ca"‐ und OH′‐Ionen in der flüssigen Phase sowie calorimetrische Messungen und Messungen des Zeta‐Potentials und der Druckfestigkeit zeigen, läßt sich die beschleunigende Wirkung von 2% Na2OO3 auf die Hydratationsreaktion von C38 auf Ionenadsorption zurückfuhren.

Effect of Sodium Carbonate on the Hydration of Tricalcium Silicate

The effect of sodium carbonate (2%) on the hydration of tricalcium silicate was studied. Free lime, nonevaporable water content, calorimetric measurements, analysis of the liquid phase for Ca2+ and OH− ions, zeta potential measurements, and compressive strength measurements were made. The accelerating action of sodium carbonate can be interpreted in terms of adsorption of ions. Further, since sodium carbonate is a structure breaker for water, more free water will be available in the presence of sodium carbonate, which may accelerate the reaction.

Effect of sodium carbonate on the ability of cellulose to undergo viscose formation

Effect of sodium carbonate on the ability of cellulose to undergo viscose formation

Effect of Sodium Carbonate on Low-Temperature Reduction of Iron Ores

Effect of Sodium Carbonate on Low-Temperature Reduction of Iron Ores

Effect of Sodium Carbonate upon Gasification of Carbon and Production of Producer Gas

Effect of Sodium Carbonate upon Gasification of Carbon and Production of Producer Gas

REGULATION OF RESPIRATION. —THE EFFECT UPON SALIVARY SECRETION OF THE INTRAVENOUS ADMINISTRATION OF SODIUM BICARBONATE, SODIUM CARBONATE, SODIUM HYDROXIDE, SODIUM CHLORIDE, AND SODIUM SULPHATE

In the dog salivary secretion, elicited by continuous administration of pilocarpine, is decreased by intravenous injection of sodium bicarbonate, of sodium carbonate, or of sodium hydroxide. The decrease in secretion produced by sodium bicarbonate is greater the larger the dose, and is obtained in like degree whether the bicarbonate is injected in isotonic or in hypertonic solution. The effect of sodium carbonate upon secretion is greater than that of sodium bicarbonate, and the effect of sodium hydroxide greater than that of either of the other two substances.Intravenously administered sodium bicarbonate prevents almost completely the augmenting effect upon salivary secretion of a ten minute period of re‐breathing, though carbon dioxide accumulated in the re‐breathing tank to the same extent as in a similar period of re‐breathing without sodium bicarbonate administration.Each of the three alkaline agents increases submaxillary blood‐volume flow as a rule.Sodium chloride or sodium sulphate intravenously administered in isotonic solution increases submaxillary secretion and blood‐volume flow. Both agents administered in hypertonic solution decrease salivary secretion but increase more markedly submaxillary blood‐volume flow. The effect upon secretion of isotonic and hypertonic solutions of sodium chloride and sodium sulphate appears to be due to the increase in blood‐flow and to their influence upon the fluid available to the gland cells by withdrawal of water from the tissues.The described effects of the alkaline substances and neutral salts were obtained with the chorda tympani cut, and were not affected by cutting also the vago‐sympathetic.It is suggested that the effects upon salivary secretion of intravenous injection of sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, and sodium hydroxide are due mainly to changes in acid base equilibrium, in which the hydrogen‐ion concentration of the interior of the cell may be a major factor.A comparison of the effects of carbon dioxide, of sodium bicarbonate, and of sodium carbonate on pulmonary ventilation, mean blood‐pressure, and salivary secretion is made.

Studies in Wood Decay IV. The Effect of Sodium Carbonate, Bicarbonate, Sulphate, and Chlorid on the Rate of Decay of Douglas Fir Sawdust Induced by Lenzites saepiaria fr. With Special Reference to the Effect of Alkaline Soils on the Rate of Decay of Wood in Contact with Them

Studies in Wood Decay IV. The Effect of Sodium Carbonate, Bicarbonate, Sulphate, and Chlorid on the Rate of Decay of Douglas Fir Sawdust Induced by Lenzites saepiaria fr. With Special Reference to the Effect of Alkaline Soils on the Rate of Decay of Wood in Contact with Them

The moisture equivalent of heavy soils

(1) The moisture equivalent of a normal soil diminishes as the weight of soil taken for the determination increases.(2) Some soils are particularly impermeable to water in thick layers: in these cases the moisture equivalent increases with the weight of soil taken and may become very large owing to waterlogging. A soil may, however, have a very high moisture equivalent without showing waterlogging.(3) Dilute solutions of flocculating salts such as calcium sulphate, or ammonium nitrate or sulphate, reduce the moisture equivalent, and sodium carbonate increases it.(4) The effect of sodium carbonate is complicated: with gradually increasing concentration, the moisture equivalent first diminishes and then increases to a maximum, after which there is further diminution.(5) The soil samples which easily showed waterlogging in the Briggs-McLane apparatus had a higher concentration of hydroxyl-ions (pH) than those which did not.(6) Whilst the colloidal content of a clay seems related to its moisture equivalent, no such connection appears to exist for substances such as kaolin or aluminium hydroxide.