Effect Of Soaking Research Articles

The effect of black glutinous rice soaking on decreasing blood sugar levels in patients’ with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Batam

<p><strong><em>Background</em></strong> :Diabetes Mellitus, as abbreviated as DM, is a chronic disease characterized by an increase in glucose levels in the blood due to insulin damage, which can reduce the amount of glucose that enters into cells. Administration of black glutinous water soaking can reduce the need for chemical drugs, because with minimal resources it can increase the coverage and extend of nursing services without geographic boundaries.</p><p><strong><em>Objectives</em></strong> :This research aimed to determine the effect of black glutinous water soaking on the decrease in blood sugar levels in patient with type 2 diabetes.</p><p><strong><em>Methods</em></strong> :Research methods used quasi experimental. The sample consisted of 50 respondents with the inclusion criteria for type 2 DM patients who do not have gangrene complications and the data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test.</p><p><strong><em>Results </em></strong>: The results showed that the most age in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus is between the ages of 50-59 years (80%). Gender is most women than men, as many as 35 participants (70%. The blood sugar level of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients’ before giving black glutinous water soaking was 262.72 mg / dl, until the third week there was a significant change, where the blood sugar level had an average of 132.02 mg/dl. The statistical test results obtained between blood sugar levels up to the third week had a p-value <0.05, which is 0.00, it showed that there was an effect of giving black glutinous water soaking to a decrease in blood sugar levels in patients’ with type 2 diabetes.</p><p><strong><em>Conclusions</em></strong> : Based on this, it is recommended that the provision of black glutinous rice is one of the non pharmacological references in the implementation method of reducing blood sugar levels in clients with type 2 DM.</p>

Effects of soaking and cutting wound on the water status and sensory quality of garlic clove

Effects of soaking and cutting wound on the water status and sensory quality of garlic clove

Effect of soaking and heating stimulation on the formation of isothiocyanates in Eruca sativa Mill. seeds and sprouts

The present work investigated the effects of soaking followed by heating on the metabolism of glucosinolates (GLs) in rocket seeds and sprouts. Soaking for 1 h increased myrosinases (MYR) activity of seeds. Heating at 70°C for 10 min after soaking resulted in the highest isothiocyanates (ITCs) formation in seeds. Both immerse-heating and steam-heating decreased the total GLs content in seeds and 2-day old sprouts. However, steam-heating showed minor effect on total GLs content when compared with immerse-heating. Both methods showed a decreased MYR activity in seeds and sprouts. Nevertheless, heating had a positive impact on ITCs formation. Under immerse-heating, ITCs formation was the highest in seeds and sprouts at 70°C heating. However, under steam-heating, ITCs formation in seeds and sprouts was higher at 70 and 60°C, respectively. The results indicated that steam-heating treatment was effective for improving ITCs formation in rocket seeds and 2-day old sprouts.

Effect of soak and smear on [14C]-hydrocortisone in vitro human skin percutaneous penetration

Introduction ‘Soak and smear’ method, water soaking to induce skin hydration followed by topical corticoids application suggests effectiveness in clinical dermatological practice. We investigate one possible mechanism of soaking times effect on drug partitioning and diffusion rates in skin and its proposed efficacy. Methods Utilizing an in vitro flow-through diffusion system to evaluate efficacy of the ‘soak and smear’ method following 0.5, 8, and 20 min water soaking and [14C]-hydrocortisone topical application on human skin to probe the possibility of percutaneous penetration enhancement. Results In water-soak groups, more [14C]-hydrocortisone was absorbed and retained in stratum corneum and epidermis, whereas, in the control (no soak) more was in the deep skin–dermis and receptor fluid. These differences between water-soak groups and the control are statistically significant (p < .05). Conclusion Effect of ‘soak and smear’ on skin absorption and penetration depends on interaction of individual drug’s physicochemical property, stratum corneum hydration, and stratum corneum–epidermoid barrier status. Water soaking ( 20 min) induced skin hydration increases [14C]-hydrocortisone absorption and retention into the upper skin layer but not deep layers. This could support the proposed hypothesis of clinical dermatological treatment of hydrocortisone to local skin inflammations should the epidermis be found to be a key target for atopic dermatitis therapy.

Effect of different soaking and germination methods on bioactive compounds of germinated brown rice

SummaryGermination of brown rice can be completed by full soaking and partial soaking methods. This study aimed to analyse the influence of germination methods on the bioactive accumulations in germinated brown rice (GBR). Germination was conducted in four treatments: (i) membrane reactor with full (RFS) and (ii) partial soaking method soaking (RAG), (iii) manual soaking for complete germination (MFS) and (iv) partial manual soaking in combination with atmospheric germination (MAG). The results showed that soaking BR in membrane reactor accelerated the shoots' growth and increased GABA (γ‐aminobutyric acid) content compared with the manual soaking method. The RAG treatment achieved higher GABA content (up to 125 mg/100 g), total phenolic and flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity than other germination methods. The main finding of this research indicates that membrane reactor effectively enhances the growth of sprouts. The combination of partial soaking in membrane reactor and atmospheric germination (RAG) is a suited method to increase GABA accumulation in GBR.

The effect of soaking in salt and atung (Parinarium glaberium, Hassk) on the quality of dried salted tongkol (Auxis thazard).

The study on the effect of soaking in salt and atung (Parinarium glaberimum, Hassk) has been conducted to investigate the quality of dried salted frigate tuna (Auxis thazard). There were 4 treatments of soaking in salt and atung applied in this study and a single soaking treatment in 25% salt concentration as control. Qualities parameter tested consists of objective tests i.e. the yield, water content, protein content, salt content, peroxide number, and TPC (Total Plate Count), and subjective tests consist of: appearance, smell, taste, and texture. The result of the research showed the yield of dried salted frigate tuna obtained through gradual soaking in salt and atung was ranged from 44.66% – 45.35%, while the yield obtained through single soaking salt treatment was 50.20%. Quality of dried salted frigate tuna objectively obtained through gradual soaking in salt and atung for water content, protein content, salt content, peroxide number and TPC (Total Plate Count), were 30.29 – 32.53%, 59.82 – 63.16%, 3.62 – 5.28%, 0,00 – 0,12 mg.eq./g, and 2.17 – 2.95 (Log X) or 1.48 – 8.91 × 102 CFU respectively, while for single soaking in salt 25% were 36.13%, 55.92%, 7.87, 0.27 mg eq./g and 2.21 (Log X) or 1.62 x 102 CFU respectively. Quality of dried salted frigate tuna subjectively obtained through gradual soaking in salt and atung for appearance, smells, taste and texture were 7.1–7.9, 7.0–7.7, 7,0– 7.9, and 7.0 – 7.7 respectively, while single soaking in salt were 7.2, 6.8, 6.9 and 7.0 respectively.

The Effect Of Warm Foot Sound On Blood Pressure In Pregnant Women With Essential Hypertension

Preliminary surveys at Public Health Center Watubangga for the last 3 months, namely in October-December 2020, consists of 7 working areas, 4 villages and 3 urban villages. The number of pregnant women was 157, and those experiencing essential hypertension were 15 pregnant women. This study was to determine the effect of foot soaking in warm water on blood pressure in pregnant women with essential hypertension at the Watubangga Public Health Center. This study was a quasi-experimental study design one group Pre and Post test. The study population was all normal deliveries of 138 people. The sampling technique used was total sampling with a total sample of 15 respondents of pregnant women who experienced essential hypertension. The results of statistical tests with Wilcoxon show that there is an effect of warm foot soaking on blood pressure in pregnant women with essential hypertension at the Puskesmas Watubangga with a p-value in systole (0.001), while diastole has a p-value (0.001). The conclusion is that there is Soaking feet with warm water affecting blood pressure in pregnant women with essential hypertension at the Watubangga Health Center. It is hoped that This program can be applied to clinical midwifery practice, especially for pregnant women who have hypertension and can be a reference for further research.

Impact of Soaking and Germination Processes on Starch and Non-Starch Polysaccharides in some Egyptian Barley Cultivars

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of soaking and germination processes on free sugars, starch and non- starch polysaccharides contents of selected Egyptian barley cultivars. Three barley grain cultivars, namely, Giza128, Giza130, and Giza 2000, were investigated. Reducing, non-reducing and total sugars content were increased in all treated barley samples as affected by soaking and germination processes. Starch content of raw barley grains being 59.42, 65.30, and 45.74 % in Giza128, Giza130, and Giza 2000, respectively, while β-Glucan content recorded 4.01, 4.76 and 3.54 %, respectively. Pentosans content in untreated barley samples was 5.09, 3.29 and 4.53% of the same varieties, respectively. Soaking (12 h) for these grains decreased starch, β-Glucan, pentosan content by 2.9-5.3, 5.0- 7.6 and 2.4-6.7%, respectively. Also, germination process had a great efficiency role on the starch and non- starch polysaccharides of selected barley grains. A large number of negatively valued components in the grains such as starch and, β-Glucan, pentosan contents of barley decreased prolonging germination time. After 96h of germination, starch, β-Glucan, pentosans content of barely grain samples was decreased by 27.3-32.0, 41.0- 42.7 and 33.6-36.0%, respectively. So this study recommended that, the produced flour from soaked and 48h-germinated barley grains increase their nutritional and therapeutic properties can be used to produce improved functional foods.

Thin film cadmium telluride solar cells on ultra‐thin glass in low earth orbit—3 years of performance data on the AlSat‐1N CubeSat mission

AbstractThis paper details 3 years of cadmium telluride (CdTe) photovoltaic performance onboard the AlSat‐1N CubeSat in low earth orbit. These are the first CdTe solar cells to yield I–V measurements from space and help to strengthen the argument for further development of this technology for space application. The data have been collected over some 17 000 orbits by the CubeSat with the cells showing no signs of delamination, no deterioration in short circuit current or series resistance. The latter indicating that the aluminium‐doped zinc oxide transparent front electrode performance remained stable over the duration. Effects of temperature on open circuit voltage (Voc) were observed with a calculated temperature coefficient for Voc of −0.19%/°C. Light soaking effects were also observed to increase the Voc. The fill factor decreased over the duration of the mission with a major contribution being a decrease in shunt resistance of all four of the cells. The decrease in shunt resistance is speculated to result from gold diffusion from the rear contacts into the absorber and through to the front interface. This has likely resulted in the formation of a deep trap state within the CdTe and micro shunts formed between the rear and front contact. Further development of this technology should therefore utilise more stable back contacting methodologies more commonly employed for terrestrial CdTe modules.

Effect of Soaking with in Acid Solution on Sunflower Helianthus anuus L. Germination and Field Emergence.

A field experiment was conducted in a private field in Anbar Governorate, adjacent to the Euphrates River, for the growing season 2020/2021. In order to study the effect of soaking the seeds of sunflower varieties (Hysun), (Lulio), (Ishaqi 1) and (Sakha), with a solution of ascorbic acid (0, 50, 100 and 150 mg.L−1 ), on germination some qualities of field emergence . The results showed the significant superiority of soaking in all the studied traits, Where the concentration (150 mg. L−1 ) achieved the best results in the rates of the studied traits, 79.25% emergence percentage, 72.78% germination energy, 4.75 days to germination, 16.33 cm shoot and 9.35 cm root length .The results also showed the superiority of the (Hysun) cultivar in the characteristic of the final emergence percentage, (90.3%), while the cultivar Ishaqi 1 scored the lowest average for the trait, 43.1%, and the variety Sakha gave the highest rate of germination capacity (66.7%), while the variety gave Lulio recorded the lowest rate (36.7%), The cultivar Lulio gave the lowest average germination time, reached 4 days, while the Lulio cultivar gave the longest average ( 9 days ) . In terms of shoot length, the Hysun variety recorded the highest rate of 16.55 cm., While the Ishqi cultivar recorded the lowest, shoot length (8.93 cm), The variety (Sakha 1) recorded the highest average for the length of the rootstock which was 16.33 cm, while the (Lulio) variety recorded the lowest rates (10.64 cm).

Fire risk of dripping flame: Piloted ignition and soaking effect

The dripping of thermoplastic fuels is a significant fire hazard, but the complex dripping-ignition process is still not fully understood. In this work, we investigate the ignition capability of continual polyethylene drips with the size of 2.6–4.6 mg and the frequency of 0.3–1 Hz. These flaming drips land on four groups of materials, cardstock papers (>0.1 mm), thin papers (≤0.1 mm), cotton, and porous mineral materials. For igniting cardstock papers, the minimum drip number decreases with the drip size and frequency, and the ignition time follows the piloted-ignition theory. The thin permeable paper and cotton are soaked by drips, so ignition only requires a small and fixed number of drips. The soaking effect also helps anchor the flame on drips absorbed by other porous mineral materials, showing a notable fire risk. Theoretical analysis of the ignition limit and delay time is proposed to identify the boundary between the piloted dripping ignition and the flame anchored on drip-soaked material. This research reveals different ignition mechanisms of dripping fire and helps understand the fire hazard regarding the transport and soaking effect of molten fuels.

Pengaruh Rendam Kaki Air Hangat Terhadap Kualitas Tidur Pada Lansia Penderita Hipertensi Di Kelurahan Lodoyong Kecamatan Ambarawa Kabupaten Semarang

Sleep disorders attack 50% elderly. Elderly people are at risk of having sleep disorder caused by many factors, one of which is hypertension. Poor sleep quality can cause physiological and psychological balance disorders. Warm water foot soak as one alternative action for increase sleeping quality in elderly with hypertension because of the relaxation effect. This study aim to determine the effect of warm water foot soak toward sleeping quality in elderly with hypertension at Lodoyong Village Ambarawa Subdistrict Semarang Regency. Methods is Pre experimental with one group pre test-post test design. The samples of 26 people were taken by purposive sampling method. Data analysis bivariate (Wilcoxon Statistics Test). 26 elderly have good sleeping quality (100%). Bivariate analysis shows there is effect of warm water foot soak toward sleeping quality in elderly with hypertension at Lodoyong Village Ambarawa Subdistrict Semarang Regency with p Value 0,001. As one alternative action for increase sleeping quality in elderly with hypertension. The elderly with hypertension should do warm water foot soak so that it can be done continuously on night. So there isn’t decrease in sleeping quality.Key words: warm water foot soak, sleeping quality, hypertension, elderly

The Effect of Foot Soaking in Warm Water with Galangal Mixture on Edema Foot of Third Trimester Pregnant Women in Poli Obstetry and Gynecology Rsud Dr. Hasri Ainun Habibie Gorontalo

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of foot soaking in warm water with galangal mixture on edema feet of third trimester pregnant women. This type of research is an analytical survey with a research design that is true experiment design with pre-test-post-test with control group approach using purposive sampling technique with a total sample of 32 respondents. The results showed that there was an effect of foot soaking in warm water with a mixture of galangal on the edema feet of third trimester pregnant women at the Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic, dr. Hasri Ainun Habibie Gorontalo shows that based on the alternative Wilcoxon test, the p value is = 0.001. It is recommended that the results of this study be used as input in the process of teaching and learning activities and as a reference, especially for further research.

Estimation of resilient behavior of crushed waste rocks using repeated load CBR tests

Crushed waste rocks (CWR), generated from mining operations, have been widely used for the construction of mine haul roads because of their low-cost, high-strength, and availability. Resilient modulus is a necessary input to mechanistic design for mine haul roads, but its determination usually requires advanced and complex equipment such as repeated load triaxial (RLT) test. Repeated load CBR (RLCBR) tests are simpler and more often available, and were therefore investigated in this study to estimate CWR resilient behavior under low and high stress levels. RLCBR equivalent modulus calculated using various equations were validated using RLT resilient modulus. The MR-θ model showed good representation and prediction of CWR resilient behavior under both low and high stress levels. A new equation was also proposed to predict more precisely the equivalent modulus of CWR based on RLCBR tests. Results showed that the impact of loading frequency and waveform was limited, while the measured equivalent modulus increased significantly with contact stress (especially when contact stress < 10%). The effect of dry density and soaking on equivalent modulus was negligible, but specimen drying resulted in a marked increase of the equivalent modulus. The good agreement between RLCBR equivalent modulus and RLT resilient modulus indicates that RLCBR tests could be an effective alternative to RLT tests to estimate resilient behavior of CWR used in mine haul roads.

Soybean Oil and Nonthermal Plasma Pretreatment to Dye Para‐Aramid Woven Fabrics with Disperse Dye Using a Glycerol‐Based Dye Bath

AbstractHigh‐performance para‐aramid fibers offer a number of uses as strong, lightweight materials for protective vests, helmets, tires, and other applications. The chemically inert nature of the fibers makes them difficult to dye or durably print by conventional dyeing techniques for textiles, and solution dyeing during production of the fibers can limit the color of para‐aramid fabrics to the color of the spun yarn prior to weaving or knitting and thereby limit the practical applications of these textiles as protective outerwear. This study presents a new method developed to improve the dyeing of woven para‐aramid fabrics with a disperse dye. Specifically, sequential experimentation proves the beneficial effects of first soaking para‐aramid fabrics in soybean oil followed by surface treatment with atmospheric nonthermal plasma and using glycerol as the dispersant and sodium chloride as an electrolyte without the addition of other auxiliary chemicals. Under the optimized treatment conditions of this study, the color strength (K/S value) of dyed para‐aramid fabrics increased to 3.89 from 0.35 of the untreated samples as determined from spectral analysis of the sample reflectance in the visible range. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis revealed that the high content of unsaturated fatty acids in soybean oil and their interaction with reactive species in the ambient nonthermal plasma were the primary factors for improving the color strength of the dyed para‐aramid fabrics.

Effects of vacuum soaking on the hydration, steaming, and physiochemical properties of japonica rice

Soaking is an essential step in the processing of various rice products. In this study, the influences of vacuum soaking on hydration, steaming, and physiochemical properties of rice were investigated. Results showed that vacuum soaking accelerated water absorption as well as affected the mobility and density of water protons inside rice during soaking. Vacuum soaking could considerably shorten the optimal steaming time from 58 to 32 min and reduce the adhesiveness of steamed rice. Microstructure analysis of rice revealed that porous structure was formed on rice surface and the arrangement of starch granules became loosened after vacuum soaking. Moreover, vacuum soaking slightly reduced the relative crystallinity of rice starches without altering the crystalline type. The gelatinization temperature as well as the peak and trough viscosity was also decreased after vacuum soaking. Our study suggested that vacuum soaking was conducive to improve the soaking and steaming properties of rice.

Comparative study of physicochemical and functional properties of soaked, germinated and pressure cooked Faba bean.

Faba bean flours (germinated, soaked, cooked and raw) were evaluated for physiochemical and functional properties. The flour samples exhibited considerable amounts of carbohydrates (58.79-66.19g/100g) and proteins (21.9-29.1g/100g). Soaked faba bean (SFB) (29.1g/100g) and raw faba bean (RFB) (25.70g/100g) flour contained significantly higher amount of protein than germinated faba bean (GFB) and pressure cooked faba bean (PCFB). The physicochemical and functional composition of GFB and PCFB were improved compare to raw flour. Physical and functional properties such as water absorption index (2.97g/g) and foaming stability (140.13mL/100mL) were increased by germination. The functional properties of pressure-cooked faba bean such as water solubility index (2.12g/100g) and water absorption capacity (2.02g/g) were higher than other flour samples. The microstructure of legume flour samples explained that the starch granules of raw flours were smooth, oval and granular structure whereas soaked, germinated and cooked flours showed damaged starch granules. The effect of soaking, germination and pressure-cooking demonstrated significant variations in functionals characteristics of faba bean flour. Therefore, various processing conditions can be combined to obtain the desired characteristics in faba bean-based food products.

Effect of soaking time of blood cockle (Anadara sp.) shells powder with hydrochloric acid on the characteristics of nano calcium

Nanotechnology is an applied science at the atomic scale. Nanotechnology engages the construction of small structures and devices by manipulating each of the molecules and atoms that has unique and strong characteristics. The aim of this research is to know the effect of long soaking of blood cockle (Anadara sp.) shells powder in the hydrochloric acid on the characteristics of nano calcium, which include particle size analysis, analysis of the levels of minerals, yield, and analysis of proximate (moisture and ash). The research using RAL with 4 treatments (control, soaking 24 hour, soaking 48 hour, soaking 72 hour) with 5 replicates. Particle size, levels of minerals, and analysis of proximate (moisture and ash) analyzed by descriptive methods, while the yield data were analyzed with statistic. The best result is on 48 hour treatment. It can be seen from the size of particles, the levels of minerals, and yield.

The dormancy breaking of garlic seeds through thermal shock storage methods and soaking in gibberellin acid

Garlic seed production is constrained by a long dormancy period, which is 5-6 months. This study aimed to analyses the effect of thermal shock storage methods and soaking in gibberellin acid on the dormancy breaking of garlic seeds. Raw material used in this study was garlic bulbs variety Sangga Sembalun. The experiment was conducted in randomized block design with treatments of storage temperature (low temperature / 12-14°C, high temperature / 38-42°C + low temperature / 12-14°C, high temperature / 38-42°C + room temperature / 28-30°C, and room temperature) and gibberellin acid concentration (0, 125, 250, 375 ppm), with two replications. Total storage duration was 4, 8, and 12 weeks. The results of analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that storage temperature was significantly different of their germination (p<0.05). Storage of garlic seeds by the thermal shock method can shorten the dormancy period from 5-6 months to 12 weeks. Germination capacity resulting from combination of high temperature (38-42°C) storage for 6 weeks and low temperature (12-14°C) for 6 weeks (a total of 12 weeks) is higher than continuous storage of low temperature and room temperature without requiring the addition gibberellin acid.

STUDI KOMPARATIF MODEL ASUHAN KEPERAWATAN PROFESIONAL (MAKP) TIM DAN FUNGSIONAL DENGAN TINGKAT KEPUASAN PASIEN DI RUMAH SAKIT UMUM DABO KECAMATAN SINGKEP KABUPATEN LINGGA TAHUN 2019

Age is one of the determinants of the length of sleep that the body needs. This problem often occurs in the elderly, so it has an impact on the quality of sleep. The Lingga Regency PPKB Health Office reports that 20-60% of elderly people experience poor sleep quality. This study aims to determine and observe whether there is an effect of warm water bathing on the quality of old age sleep in Posyandu in Singkep District, Lingga Regency. This study used a quasi experiment method with a pre-test and post-test without control design. The sample used was total sampling with the number of respondents as many as 30 people. Analysis of research data using the Wilcoxon Test which had previously been tested in the Normality of Shapiro Wilk. The intervention used is foot soak (warm water). The results showed a significant change, in which the p-value was 0,000 &lt;0,05 with an average increase in sleep quality before foot soaking 10.00 and after intervention 1.60. So that it can be concluded that there is the effect of foot soak (warm water) on the quality of old sleep. It is hoped that the elderly will apply this relaxation technique to maintain their sleep quality.