Effect of Soaking with in Acid Solution on Sunflower Helianthus anuus L. Germination and Field Emergence.

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted in a private field in Anbar Governorate, adjacent to the Euphrates River, for the growing season 2020/2021. In order to study the effect of soaking the seeds of sunflower varieties (Hysun), (Lulio), (Ishaqi 1) and (Sakha), with a solution of ascorbic acid (0, 50, 100 and 150 mg.L−1 ), on germination some qualities of field emergence . The results showed the significant superiority of soaking in all the studied traits, Where the concentration (150 mg. L−1 ) achieved the best results in the rates of the studied traits, 79.25% emergence percentage, 72.78% germination energy, 4.75 days to germination, 16.33 cm shoot and 9.35 cm root length .The results also showed the superiority of the (Hysun) cultivar in the characteristic of the final emergence percentage, (90.3%), while the cultivar Ishaqi 1 scored the lowest average for the trait, 43.1%, and the variety Sakha gave the highest rate of germination capacity (66.7%), while the variety gave Lulio recorded the lowest rate (36.7%), The cultivar Lulio gave the lowest average germination time, reached 4 days, while the Lulio cultivar gave the longest average ( 9 days ) . In terms of shoot length, the Hysun variety recorded the highest rate of 16.55 cm., While the Ishqi cultivar recorded the lowest, shoot length (8.93 cm), The variety (Sakha 1) recorded the highest average for the length of the rootstock which was 16.33 cm, while the (Lulio) variety recorded the lowest rates (10.64 cm).