Effect Of Roentgen Irradiation Research Articles

The effect of roentgen irradiation upon the cellular elements in the human saliva

T HERE can be found in the saliva so many white blood caells migrated by leucopedesis that the oral cavity is sometimes called the graveyard of the white cells. The nature and origin of these so-called salivary corpuscles have often been discussed to clarify the fate of leucocytes. Comparatively little consideration, however, has been given to the cytology in the dental literature, which may be due to the fact, as Orban has pointed out, that this subject seems to fit into no branch of dental research. In other words, the cytology of the saliva has been the stepchild of dental research. Since Koelliker (1850) described salivary corpuscles as white globules of the blood which have penetrated into the glandular cul-de-sac (Retterer15), their nature and origin have been discussed by many authors: some considered them of lymphatic origin and others of polymorphonuclear, or other origins. The following clinical studies have been made : Sicard and Dopter (1905) observed epithclial cells and various kinds of leuvocytes in the saliva taken by a catheter through Stensen’s duct in the case of parotitis (Miura”‘) . Laque? (1912, 1913) estimated the number of salivary corpuscles per CITLIII. and pointed out that the count seems to show a rise in catarrhal infection of t,he air passages. I IammerschlagS (I 916) observed diurnal fluctuation of the number of cells, which shows an important individual index. In order to examine the white blood cells of the saliva and to determine their number, type, degree of vitality, and variations in health and disease, and their behavior after roentgen therapy, Isaacs and l)anieliang (1927) gave an extensive description of the cell count of tm normal. in(lividlials and sixty-eight pnticnts with leueemia: cancer. or anemia. They tried to determine the indication of roentgen irradiation In the CIISP of market1 initia,l leucnpenia. Mariani” (1931) stuclieil the utoq~hology 01’ the saliva of fifty patients with gastrointestinal disorders, blood dyxcrasias, and pulmonary tuberculosis, and found that there is often a great number of polymorphonuclear leucocytes

Effects of Roentgen Irradiation on Germ Plasm in Relation to Infertility

Effects of Roentgen Irradiation on Germ Plasm in Relation to Infertility

The Effect of Roentgen Irradiation on Antibody Formation in Rabbits

Summary and Conclusions A review and discussion of the literature concerning the effects of roentgen irradiation on antibody formation are presented. Also an analysis of current concepts of the relationship of lymphoid tissue and lymphocytes to antibody-production is given. Exposure of rabbits to 250 r whole-body roentgen irradiation results in a marked lymphopenia which lasts 30 to 40 days, and a mild depression of the polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Injections of antigen 8 hours after exposure to this amount of x-ray elicits an antibody response which is greatly depressed as measured by the titer of circulating antibody. This depressant action of x-ray on antibody formation is of a transient nature; the animals regained their ability to respond normally to antigen injection 40 days after exposure to x-ray. Whether this regained ability to produce antibody can be related to the return of the blood picture to normal cannot be stated. A non-specific “anamnestic response” of the antibody titer could not be elicited by exposure of the rabbits to either 20 r or 250 r whole-body irradiation. Exposure of rabbits to 250 r whole-body roentgen irradiation after the onset of antibody formation, but before a maximal titer is attained, in no way impairs the ability of the irradiated animal to produce circulating antibodies. In spite of marked depression of lymphoid tissue activity, as measured by the level of circulating lymphocytes, antibody-production proceeds at a normal rate, the titers reached being comparable to those of normal rabbits. A brief discussion of the experimental data is presented. It is concluded that the depressant effect of x-ray on antibody production cannot be related entirely to depression of lymphoid tissue. An adequate explanation for the remarkable difference in the effect of x-ray on antibody formation depending upon whether it is given before or after the onset of antibody production is not apparent. It is suggested that reserve sources of tissue must be capable of carrying out antibody formation once it has begun even though the major portion of lymphoid tissue has been damaged.

Effect of Roentgen Irradiation on the Hormone Content and Secretion of the Adrenal Medulla

The effect of roentgen rays upon the adrenal glands is of practical interest in view of the various indications for roentgen irradiation of the adrenal region. Beneficial effects of such irradiation have been reported in thromboangiitis obliterans and peripheral arteriosclerosis of the extremities (Philips and Tunick; Zimmern, Chavany, and Brunet; Delherm and Beau; Langeron and Desplats; Gilbert and Babaiantz; Hippe and Hähle; Raab, a), angina pectoris (Hutton; Raab, b; Schittenhelm; Hadorn; Lippross), hypertensive crises (Langeron and Desplats), Cushing's syndrome (Cushing; Jamin; Dattner), and essential hypertension (Zimmern and Cottenot: Sergent and Cottenot; Quadrone; Hutton). In the last of this group, however, the results are controversial, a number of investigators having failed to observe any therapeutic effect on the increased blood pressure (Groedel; Weinstein; Levy-Dorn and Weinstein; Desjardins, and Marquis; Seyfried and Wachner; Raab, c). Also, the effects reported by some authors in diabetes mellitus (Dresel; Beumer; Hutton) appear dubious and could not be confirmed (Desjardins; Raab, c). It is to be borne in mind, however, that Hutton combined irradiation of the adrenal region with irradiation of the hypophysis, as did also the workers recording favorable results in Cushing's syndrome. A considerable amount of experimental work has been carried out in regard to the effect of roentgen rays on the adrenal glands, dealing chiefly with morphological changes. The literature on this subject was reviewed in 1937 by Engelstad and Torgersen. These Norwegian investigators observed in rabbits treated with single doses of 2,200 to 2,500 r an initial hyperemia of the adrenal cortex beginning within ten hours after treatment and receding during the first two to three days. Pronounced degenerative changes were found from the sixth day on, reaching a maximum within three months after treatment. Doses of 1,000 r did not suffice to produce this effect (Engelstad). No significant structural changes were seen in the medulla, a finding in accord with observations of Frey, Cottenot, Holfelder and Peiper, and Celotti. Other workers (v. Decastello, Tsuzuki, Strauss, Gabriel, Rogers and Martin) reported hemorrhages and atrophic changes within the medulla after the administration of large doses. Experimental observations regarding the functional response of the adrenal glands to roentgen irradiation are scarce. Hesse examined irradiated adrenal glands of guinea-pigs by Folin's colorimetric method. Doses of 700 to 800 e were followed by a diminution of the adrenalin content, reaching 50 per cent in some instances. Smaller doses (120 to 250 e) had a weaker effect or none at all. The animals were killed within eight days after treatment. A diminution of the adrenalin content of the adrenal glands eight days after application of 1 H.E.D. was also observed by a colorimetric method by David and Hirsch.

Effects of roentgen irradiation upon linear rate of flow in cutaneous lymphatics of humans: Ane, J. N., and Burch, George E.: Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 48: 471, 1941

Effects of roentgen irradiation upon linear rate of flow in cutaneous lymphatics of humans: Ane, J. N., and Burch, George E.: Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 48: 471, 1941

Abnormal Suprarenal Discharges in Angina Pectoris and Their Control by X-ray Therapy

IN A PREVIOUS PAPER1 the theory was advanced that angina pectoris accompanying effort is brought about by the anoxiating metabolic effect of sudden discharges of adrenalin upon the heart muscle whose sclerotic arteries are incapable of dilating sufficiently to compensate for the acute loss of oxygen caused by adrenalin in the myocardial tissue. The therapeutic effect of roentgen irradiation of the supra renal glands in 100 cases of typical angina pectoris was reported in detail. Indirect evidence could be pointed out in favor of this theory, such as the artificial provocation of typi cal anginal symptoms through injection of adrenalin, the common occurrence of anginal attacks in persons with tumors of the suprarenal medulla, and the anal ogy between the occurrence of physiological adrenalin discharges and of anginal attacks accompanying effort, emotion and cold. However, direct objective evidence in regard to the behavior of suprarenal secretory activity in angina patients both before and after treat ment...

Effects of Roentgen Irradiation upon Linear Rate of Flow in Cutaneous Lymphatics of Humans

SummaryThe data tend to indicate that small doses of X-ray (220-450 r) to the skin of humans are not likely to disturb the linear flow of lymph in the cutaneous lymphatics, while large doses sufficient to produce a first degree skin reaction probably will reduce the rate of lymph flow.

Effect of Roentgen Irradiation upon Lymphatic Flow in Rats

The reactions of tissue to roentgen rays and radium have been studied and described for years. Throughout this time, however, little has been learned concerning the reactions of lymph channels and the flow of lymph to these forms of radiant energy. This may be attributed, as Ewing (1) pointed out, to the difficulty with which changes in lymphatics are followed experimentally. The purpose of the present communication is to report observations on the effect of roentgen irradiation upon lymphatic flow in rats. The use of thorium dioxide as a contrast medium for roentgen visualization of lymphatics in animals has been described by Menville and Ané (4), and Pomeranz (5). The ease with which colloidal thorium is absorbed by the lymphatics and concentrated in neighboring lymph nodes, where it may be demonstrated roentgenographically, suggested to us its use for studying the adequacy of lymphatic flow following roentgen therapy. Under normal circumstances 0.05 c.c. of thorium dioxide injected subcutaneously into the hind foot of a rat may almost invariably be seen radiographically in the region of the popliteal or inguinal node within an hour following the injection. If both hind feet are injected simultaneously, the appearance time in the respective lymph nodes is about the same. It seemed reasonable, therefore, to attempt testing the competency of lymphatic flow following irradiation by irradiating one leg and using the contralateral extremity as a control. If the popliteal or inguinal nodes failed to appear on the irradiated side. one might assume that lymphatic flow had been interfered with by the irradiation. If, however, thorotrast could be demonstrated in the nodes on both sides it would seem that irradiation, under the particular conditions, had not influenced the flow of lymph. White rats were used throughout the experiment. Intraperitoneal nembutal anesthesia was used as a sedative during the treatment, and nembutal or ether while the animals were being radiographed. One hind leg of each animal was irradiated, the contralateral leg being used as a control. Care was taken to alternate between the right and left legs, so that one-half of the series of rats were treated over the right leg, and the remaining half over the left leg. The animal was protected with lead sheeting, the only region exposed being a small area over the leg between the ankle and the thigh, measuring about 1 cm. square. Two series of experiments were undertaken, one with rays generated at 135 kv., the other at 200 kv. The first experimental group included 21 rats. The physical factors employed were as follows: 1:36 kv., 4 ma., 0.25 mm. Cu plus 1 mm. Al filtration, 30 cm. TSD. The total dose delivered to the skin3 was 2250 r (in air) given at one time in about forty minutes. This produced epilation and a moderately severe skin reaction in the treated area within two weeks after exposure, which healed readily.

The effect of roentgen irradiation on the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland: Gumbrecht, Keller and Loeser: Klin. Wchnschr. 17: 801, 1938

The effect of roentgen irradiation on the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland: Gumbrecht, Keller and Loeser: Klin. Wchnschr. 17: 801, 1938

The Effect of Roentgen Irradiation upon Erythrocytes.

The Effect of Roentgen Irradiation upon Erythrocytes.

ABSORPTION OF ROENTGEN RAYS BY THE SKIN

The biologic effect of roentgen irradiation depends on absorption of the rays applied to the site of the pathologic process. In different cutaneous lesions this site is situated at different levels in the skin and subcutaneous tissues; hence it is necessary to determine the optimal quality and quantity of radiation to use in each specific case. It was therefore deemed advisable to determine the amount of radiation of the qualities used in dermatologic practice which is absorbed in successive millimeters of skin. MATERIAL AND METHOD Determinations of absorption were made with live and dead rabbit skin, ear and thigh, fresh human skin obtained from the operating room, water and aluminum. Our measurements were all made in air, to avoid the effect of scattering. The apparatus used was a mechanical rectifier with a universal type Coolidge tube. The peak kilovoltage was 100, the milliamperage was 3 and the skin focal distance

The Effect of Roentgen Irradiation of the Entire Animal on the Phosphatase Activity and Electrolyte Content of its Water Extract

IT was found in a previous study (1) that exposure of growing dog bone to moderate doses of roentgen rays is followed by a period of lowered phosphatase activity beginning a few days after exposure and showing a tendency to return to normal after from three to five weeks. Since the enzyme phosphatase is so widely distributed in the animal body it was felt that a study of the phosphatase activity of the entire body after exposure to x-rays would be of interest. Also, we desired to determine the concentration of certain electrolytes, some of which are known to influence the activity of the enzyme. Loiseleur and Van der Schueren (2) and Adler and Wiederhold (3) have studied the metabolism of several inorganic substances in the rabbit following x-ray irradiation. Kinard and Chanutin (4) found that the phosphatase activity of the whole rat was increased following large doses of irradiated ergosterol. Analytical Methods.—The phosphatase determinations were made by a technic similar to that described by Jenner a...

The Effect of Roentgen Irradiation on the Interrelation between Malignant Tumors and Their HostsThe Effect of Roentgen Irradiation on the Interrelation between Malignant Tumors and Their Hosts. By KrebsCarl, M.D. Supplement VIII toActa Radiologica. Stockholm, Sweden, 1929; 133 pages and 3 plates. Price, $6.90.

The Effect of Roentgen Irradiation on the Interrelation between Malignant Tumors and Their Hosts<scp>The Effect of Roentgen Irradiation on the Interrelation between Malignant Tumors and Their Hosts</scp>. By KrebsCarl, M.D. Supplement VIII to<i>Acta Radiologica</i>. Stockholm, Sweden, 1929; 133 pages and 3 plates. Price, $6.90.

Earlier Investigations concerning the Effect of Roentgen Irradiation on Neoplastic Tissue in Vitro and in Situ and the Lethal Dose for Such Tissue

Earlier Investigations concerning the Effect of Roentgen Irradiation on Neoplastic Tissue in Vitro and in Situ and the Lethal Dose for Such Tissue

Some effects of roentgen irradiation in rheumatic carditis: Levy, Robert L., and Golden, Ross: Am. Jour. Roentgen. and Rad. Therapy, 1927, xviii, 103

Some effects of roentgen irradiation in rheumatic carditis: Levy, Robert L., and Golden, Ross: Am. Jour. Roentgen. and Rad. Therapy, 1927, xviii, 103

Proliferations Of The Epithelium Induced By Sudan III, Scharlach Roth, And Paraffin; And The Effects Of Roentgen Irradiation Upon The Same

Journal Article Proliferations Of The Epithelium Induced By Sudan III, Scharlach Roth, And Paraffin; And The Effects Of Roentgen Irradiation Upon The Same Get access Robert Livingston Dixon Robert Livingston Dixon Pathological Laboratory, University of Michigan,Ann Arbor Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 6, Issue 2, 2 April 1909, Pages 205–216, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/6.2.205 Published: 02 April 1909 Article history Received: 28 January 1909 Published: 02 April 1909