Effects Of Regular Aerobic Exercise Research Articles

Effect of Regular Aerobic Exercise on Cognitive Function, Depression Level and Regulative Role of Neurotrophic Factor: A Prospective Cohort Study in the Young and the Middle-Aged Sample.

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and depressive disorder (DD), which are associated with unhealthy lifestyles, are prevalent worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the effects of regular aerobic exercise on cognitive function, depression, and the regulatory role of neurotrophic growth factors for providing scientific basis in preventing MCI and DD in healthy individuals. Eighty members of the fitness center and 80 community residents were recruited, who were administered by the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glial cell-line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in the peripheral blood were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The RBANS and other factor scores, except for visuospatial abilities, were higher and PHQ-9 scores were lower in the study group than in the control group. The concentrations of BDNF and GDNF in the study group were higher than those in the control group. RBANS and its factor scores positively and PHQ-9 negatively correlated with BDNF and GDNF levels. Finally, multiple regression analysis showed that BDNF, as a predictor of RBANS, could explain 59.90% of its variance and that GDNF was a predictor of PHQ-9 could explain 12.30% of the variance. Regular aerobic exercise can improve cognitive function and depressive symptoms by increasing the BDNF and GDNF levels.

Effects of Regular Aerobic Exercise on Cardiovascular Health Factors and Heart Function in Sedentary Male Office Workers

OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the effects of regular aerobic exercise on cardiovascular health factors and heart function in sedentary male office workers.METHODS To achieve this aim, 20 individuals were selected as subjects: 10 in the exercise group (who have been regularly exercising for over 5 years, more than 4 times per week, for 1 hour or more per workout) and 10 in the control group (defines sedentary behavior more of moderate-intensity exercise for 30 minutes or longer, at least three days a week ). For data processing, the average and standard deviation were calculated using the SPSS 21.0 statistical program, and the difference in the mean value change between groups was verified by performing an independent t-test.RESULTS There were significant differences between groups in factors related to cardiovascular health, such as resting heart rate, maximum systolic blood pressure, maximum oxygen intake, and exercise duration. Regarding heart function, there were significant differences between both groups in peak velocities of early and atrial fillings, as well as in early and late diastolic annulus velocities.CONCLUSIONS Taken together, regular aerobic exercise appears to have a positive impact on cardiovascular health factors and heart function in sedentary male office workers.

규칙적인 유산소운동이 성인비만여성들의 신체적 스트레스와 지질대사요인에 미치는 영향

The purpose of this study is to verify and present the effects of regular aerobic exercise on physical stress and lipid metabolism factors in obese women. The population was divided into 12 people in a group that regularly performed aerobic exercise and 12 people in a control group that did not exercise. Exercise group E.G performed regular aerobic exercise for a total of 10 weeks of research, HRmax 60% strength at frequency 3 times a week for 50 minutes. The research results are as follows. In obese women, through regular aerobic exercise, a significant decrease in ɑ-amylase under physical stress and a difference in effect were found between groups. A significant decrease in LDL-C and TG, a significant increase in HDL-C, and differences in effects between groups were found. Therefore, in the case of obese women, it was confirmed that regular aerobic exercise for 10 weeks positively changes physical stress and lipid metabolism factors, which are effective in improving. It is judged to be valuable as an exercise program that can reduce obesity and improve health.

The role of Aerobic Exercise in Bronchial Asthma: A review

Purpose of review: Asthma occurs as one of the most prevalent chronic disorders among children and adults in developed nations. Poor asthma control persists despite international treatment guidelines, resulting in frequent school and job absences, emergency room visits, and hospitalizations. Numerous asthmatic patients cite exercise as an asthma trigger, which likely results in exercise avoidance as a strategy of symptom control. Emerging evidence suggests that regular aerobic exercise may assist improve certain elements of asthma control. This article reviews on the effects of regular aerobic exercise on significant asthma-related outcomes, including symptoms, lung function, and quality of life. Recent findings: Many Randomized Control Trial, systematic reviews and meta-analysis in recent years have found that regular exercise is safe for children and adults with asthma. Asthma symptoms and quality of life appear to benefit with aerobic exercise, although gains in lung function and airway hyper responsiveness have been less consistent. Summary: Our review showed that frequent continuous moderate intensity aerobic exercise improved asthma symptoms and quality of life. Swimming or treadmill exercises are good possibilities.

Regular Aerobic Exercise Attenuates Pain and Anxiety in Mice by Restoring Serotonin-Modulated Synaptic Plasticity in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex.

ABSTRACTPurposeClinical studies found that regular aerobic exercise has analgesic and antianxiety effects; however, the underlying neural mechanisms remain unclear. Multiple studies have suggested that regular aerobic exercise may exert brain-protective effects by promoting the release of serotonin, which may be a pain modulator. Anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is a key brain area for pain information processing, receiving dense serotonergic innervation. As a result, we hypothesized that exercise may increase the release of serotonin in the ACC, thus improving pain and anxiety behaviors.MethodsIntegrative methods were used, including behavioral, electrophysiological, pharmacological, biochemical, and genetic approaches, to explore the effects of regular aerobic exercise and the underlying neural mechanisms.ResultsRegular aerobic exercise in the form of voluntary wheel running for 30 min daily for 15 d showed significant effectiveness in relieving pain and concomitant anxiety in complete Freund’s adjuvant–induced chronic inflammation pain models. c-Fos staining and multielectrode array recordings revealed alterations in neuronal activities and synaptic plasticity in the ACC. Moreover, systemic pharmacological treatment with 4-chloro-dl-phenylalanine (PCPA) to deplete endogenous serotonin and local delivery of serotonin to the ACC revealed that exercise-related serotonin release in the ACC bidirectionally modulates pain sensitization and anxiety behaviors by modulating synaptic plasticity in the ACC. Furthermore, we found that 5-HT1A and 5-HT7 receptors mediated the serotonin modulation effects under conditions of regular aerobic exercise through local infusion of a selective antagonist and shRNA in the ACC.ConclusionsOur results reveal that regular aerobic exercise can increase serotonin release and modulate synaptic plasticity in the ACC, ultimately improving pain and concomitant anxiety behaviors through the functions of the 5-HT1A and 5-HT7 receptors.

The Effect of Regular Aerobic Exercise Training and Pumpkin Seed Extract on the Heart and Aorta Apoptosis Biomarkers in Arsenic-Intoxicated Rats

Background: Arsenic as a widely inadvertently-used metal can trigger oxidative stress, leading to heart diseases. Objectives: In this regard, this study aimed to evaluate the simultaneous effect of regular aerobic exercise and pumpkin seed extract on the heart and aorta endothelial cells' apoptosis in rats poisoned with arsenic. Methods: To this end, 56 male Wistar rats were divided into seven groups: (1) TC (toxic control), (2) AE (aerobic exercise training), (3) TAP1 (toxic aerobic exercise training + 300 mg/kg/day pumpkin seed extract consumption), (4) TAP2 (toxic aerobic exercise training + 600 mg/kg/day pumpkin seed extract consumption), (5) TP1 (300 mg/kg/day toxic pumpkin seed extract consumption), (6) TP2 (600 mg/kg/day toxic pumpkin seed extract consumption), and (7) HC (healthy control). All the groups (with the exception of HC) were exposed to 25 ppm arsenic per day for 16 weeks. Then aerobic exercise training program or pumpkin seed extract, or both, were administered to rats depending on the groups for eight weeks. Twenty-four hours after the last intervention session, the rats were killed, and their tissues were collected. Statistical analyses were performed, and P < 0.05 was set as the significance level. Results: The results showed that pumpkin seed extract lowered BCL2-associated X protein (Bax) and caspase-3 levels and increased B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2) significantly only at a dose of 600 mg/kg; however, no change was observed when only aerobic exercise training was performed. The groups who received both interventions had more significant changes in the heart and aorta tissues for all factors. Conclusions: It was concluded that the concurrent administration of aerobic exercise training and pumpkin seed extract could decrease apoptosis more significantly in both tissues in arsenic-intoxicated rats, compared to each individual intervention

تأثیر تمرین هوازی و مکملگیری ویتامین D بر میزان Fas و c-FLIP کبدی رتهای قرار گرفته در معرض آب اکسیژنه

Introduction: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of regular aerobic exercise and vitamin D supplementation on hepatic apoptosis in rats exposed to oxygenated water (H2O2). Methods: For this purpose, 60 adult male Wistar rats weighed 220±20 g were randomly divided into ten groups (n=6 in each group) including: control group (C), H2O2 (H), double H2O2 (2H), H2O2 + Vitamin D3 Supplement (HD), double H2O2 + Vitamin D3 Supplement (2HD), H2O2+ Exercise (HE), double H2O2+ Exercise (2HE), H2O2 + Vitamin D3 Supplement + Exercise (HDE), double H2O2 + Vitamin D3 + Exercise (2HDE) and Dimethyl Sulfoxide + Saline (DMSO). Then, the animals were exposed to oxidative stress (intraperitoneal injection of H2O2 3 times a week), vitamin D3 (intraperitoneal injection daily) and daily treadmill exercise for 8 weeks (duration of training sessions 30 to 60 min, at speeds of 8 to 20 m/min). The rats were sacrificed 24 hours after the last training session and liver tissue was extracted and Fas and c-FLIP protein concentration was measured by ELISA method. One-way ANOVA was used to compare the between groups differences. Results: The results showed that Fas protein levels were higher in the H, 2H, HD and 2HD groups compared to the control group (P<0.05) and of c-FLIP protein level was lower in the H and 2H groups compared to the control group (P<0.05). The 2HE and 2HDE groups also showed less Fas protein level compared to the 2H group (P<0.05). In addition, the HE group compared to the H group and 2HE and 2HDE groups compared to the 2H group showed higher levels of c-FLIP protein concentration (P<0.05). Conclusion: Overall, the results of the present study showed that exposure of rats to H2O2 initiates apoptotic cascade in liver tissue. However, regular treadmill exercise was able to attenuate this effect to a large extent, but vitamin D3 supplementation did not.

The effect of regular aerobic exercise on sleep quality and fatigue among female student dormitory residents

BackgroundEmerging research shows a high prevalence of fatigue and sleep problems among university students. The present study evaluates the effects of regular aerobic exercise on sleep quality and fatigue level among female students (ages 18–26) who reside in dormitories.MethodsThis quasi-experimental study involving 67 participants consisted of one experimental group (i.e., assigned aerobic exercise) and one control group (i.e., not assigned aerobic exercise). Participants in the experimental group received three one-hour sessions aerobic exercise weekly ranging from mild to moderate intensity for eight-week. Sleep quality and fatigue level were evaluated using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and standard Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI-20), respectively. These variables were assessed at baseline, week four, and week eight of the study.ResultsAfter four and 8 weeks of the intervention, participants in the aerobic group showed improvement in the score of sleep quality (p < 0.001 and p < 0.0001, respectively) and its components (except for sleep duration after 4 weeks intervention). Also, aerobic exercise resulted in a significant reduction of the total score of fatigue and its dimensions in weeks four and eight, compared to the control group (p < 0.001).ConclusionsFour-week aerobic exercise with mild intensity had no significant effect on sleep duration. Conversely, intensified aerobic exercise for 8 weeks influenced all components of sleep quality.Trial registrationThe study was registered on 6/2/2015 in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT) with number IRCT201412282324N15.

화학적 발암원을 투여한 마우스 모델에서 규칙적인 유산소운동의 대장암 형성 억제효과

We investigated the effect of regular aerobic exercise on colon tumorigenesis associated with inflammatory factors, such as interleukin-1β(IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), monocyte chemoatractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), in azoxymethan/dextran sulfate sodium (AOM/DSS) -administrated mice. ICR mice (5 weeks o ld) were divided into three g roups of 10 animals each, consisting of a control group (CON), an AOM/DSS treatment group (AOM/DSS), and an AOM/DSS treatment plus exercise group (AOM/DSS+Ex). The AOM/DSS+Ex group performed five times per week, for a total of 45 minutes, at a speed of 20 m per minute, using a treadmill with a gradient of 5% for 12 weeks. To investigate the effects of regular aerobic exercises on inflammation and formation of colorectal cancer, we carried out colorectal histopathologic analysis, colon tumor number counting and tumor-related inflammatory cytokine analysis. The number of colon tumors in the AOM/DSS+Ex group was approximately 25% lower than in the AOM/DSS group, but no statistically significant. In colon weight and length, there was no significantly difference between AOM/DSS group and AOM/DSS+Ex group. On the other hand, there were significant reductions in tumor-related inflammatory cytokines, IL-6 and TNF-α(P＜.05) between AOM/DSS group and AOM/DSS+Ex group, but not in IL-1β and MCP-1. In conclusion, this exercise protocol resulted in partial anti-inflammatory and -tumor effects. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out further studies by diverse exercise protocols to establish colon cancer prevention program.

Regular aerobic exercise improves sexual function assessed by the Aging Males’ Symptoms questionnaire in adult men

The leading cause of aging-induced male-specific disorders such as physical, mental and/or sexual symptoms is testosterone deficiency. Although aerobic exercise is suggested to improves circulating testosterone levels, physical fitness, depressive symptoms, and sexual function, the effect of regular aerobic exercise on aging-induced disorders has not yet been clarified. Here we performed cross-sectional and interventional studies to identify the effect of aerobic exercise on aging-induced disorders assessed by the Aging Males’ Symptoms questionnaire (AMS). In study 1, the relationship between aerobic exercise capacity (i.e. peak oxygen consumption) and AMS scores were cross-sectionally examined in 169 adult men. In study 2, the effect of a 12-week regular aerobic exercise on AMS scores was longitudinally investigated in 18 adult men. In study 1, the AMS-total, AMS-somatic, AMS-psychological, and AMS-sexual scores were significantly correlated to aerobic exercise capacity even after considering age and testosterone levels. In study 2, 12-week aerobic exercise training significantly improved AMS-sexual and tended to improve AMS-total scores. Additionally, an increase in vigorous physical activity was correlated to improve in the AMS-sexual score. These results suggest that regular aerobic exercise is an effective strategy to improve aging-induced disorders in men.

Regular Aerobic Exercise-Alleviated Dysregulation of CAMKIIα Carbonylation to Mitigate Parkinsonism via Homeostasis of Apoptosis With Autophagy.

This study investigated carbonylation of proteins with oxidative modification profiling in the striatum of aging and Parkinson disease (PD) rats, as well as the long-term effects of regular aerobic exercise on the carbonylation process and the damaging effects of PD vs habitual sedentary behavior. Regular aerobic exercise improved the PD rats' rotational behavior, increased tyrosine hydroxylase expression in both the striatum and substantia nigra pars compacta, and decreased α-synuclein expression significantly. Interestingly, apoptotic nuclei and autophagosomes were increased in the aerobic exercise PD rat striatum. Carbonylated protein Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase alpha (CAMKIIα) was present in the middle-aged and aged groups but only in the sedentary, not the exercise, PD rat striatum. Notably, CAMKIIα was characterized by a 4-hydroxynonenal adduct. Regular aerobic exercise upregulated CAMKIIα expression level, activated the CAMK signaling pathway, and promoted the expression of autophagy markers Beclin1 and microtubule-associated proteins 1 A/1B light chain 3II. Aberrant carbonylation of CAMKII initiated age-related changes and might be useful as a potential biomarker of PD. Regular aerobic exercise alleviated protein carbonylation modification of CAMKIIα and regulated the CAMK signaling pathway, thereby affecting and regulating the homeostasis of apoptosis and autophagy in the striatum to alleviate the neurodegenerative process of PD lesions.

Effect of aerobic exercise training along with omega-3 supplementation on CRP and IL-6 in obese older women

Background: lack of mobility has an important role in the development of obesity in the elderly population. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of regular aerobic exercise and omega-3 supplementation on serum levels of CRP and IL-6 in elderly women were obese. Methods: In a double-blind study, 40 obese women (BMI ≥ 30) 61.65±7.42 years old were selected as easily-accessible way and randomly categorized into 4 groups of 10 subjects an exercise, supplementation, exercise – supplementation (combination), and placebo (control) groups. Subjects in the supplement and combination groups consumed 2080 mg omega-3 supplement daily for 8 weeks and control groups used sunflower oil as placebo produced in Zachariah Company. Exercise program included aerobic activity at 45 to 55 percent of maximum heart rate for 8 weeks, 40 minute and 3 sessions per week. Blood samples before and 24 hours after the training period in the fasting state were collected. Data analysis was done by paired-t test and two-way ANOVA test using SPSS software (version 16). Results: Statistical test results showed that the concentration of IL-6 and CRP were significantly decreased in the groups of exercise with supplements (p<0/05). Conclusion: The result of this study, carried out 8 weeks of aerobic training with omega-3 supplementation improves the inflammatory status Caused by exercise training combined with omega 3.

Combined Effects of Regular Aerobic Exercise with Vitamin D Supplementation on Some Apoptosis Indices in the Lung of Rats Exposed to Hydrogen Peroxide

Combined Effects of Regular Aerobic Exercise with Vitamin D Supplementation on Some Apoptosis Indices in the Lung of Rats Exposed to Hydrogen Peroxide

유산소운동이 성장기 비만 쥐 시상하부의 IL-6, TNF-αmRNA 발현에 미치는 영향

This study was conducted to Obesity was induced in C57BL/6 male mice (n=30) with high fat diet and aerobic exercise. by high-fat diet, which were divided into three experimental groups, control group(CG), control group with obese(HDG), aerobic exercise group with obese(OEG) aerobic exercise of 8 weeks were treated, and as a result of analysis of dependent variables, the following conclusion was induced. After completion of experiment, OEG was shown to be effective in weight reduction compared with other groups(p.001). Also, as OCG of IL-6 and TNF-α in the hypothalamus was shown significantly higher compared with other groups. The effects of regular aerobic exercise on the inflammatory f actors o f the g rowing r ats were a nalyzed. T he m id-intensity a erobic exercise i ntensity showed that hypothalamic inflammation was minimized.BR Therefore, the anti - inflammatory effect through exercise is effective in the treatment of obesity in growing children or adolescents, and various exercise programs should be developed for this.

Effects of Regular Aerobic Exercise and Resistance Training on High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels in Taiwanese Adults.

Increased levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) can improve endothelial function. This may help reduce cardiovascular risks and mortality. Evidence has been provided on the association between cardiometabolic traits, such as HDL-C and exercise modalities. However, there is the absence of studies investigating this association in Taiwan. We assessed the relationship between exercise type and HDL-C among Taiwanese adults. Data were collected from Taiwan Biobank (TWB), a national biomedical research database that contains the genetic information of ethnic Taiwanese residents gathered from 2008 to 2016. We enrolled 24,856 participants aged 30 to 70 years who completed a questionnaire about their recent health behaviors including smoking, drinking, and exercise. Regular exercise was categorized as non-aerobic exercise (separated as weight training, ball game, and mixed exercise) and strict aerobic exercise. Linear regression models were used to assess the effects of exercise in a questionnaire-based manner. After multivariate adjustments, HDL-C was positively associated with aerobic (β = 1.33748, p < 0.0001) and non-aerobic (β = 2.56210; p < 0.0001) exercise. Positive associations were also found for resistance training (β = 4.01828, p = 0.0020), ballgame (β = 2.43815, p = 0.0001), and mixed exercise (β = 2.47021, p < 0.0001). This study demonstrated that both aerobic and non-aerobic exercise have positive effects on HDL-C among Taiwanese adults. Among the non-aerobic exercise groups, resistance training had the greatest effect.

Aerobic exercise training for migraine prevention: A trigger-based analysis

Background: Although aerobic exercise has been recommended for migraine management, no study has yet explored the effects of regular aerobic exercise on migraine triggers profile. Objective: To evaluate the effects of a 12-week aerobic exercise intervention on migraine triggers profile. Methods: We conducted a secondary, post hoc analysis of a randomized, controlled clinical trial. Triggers were recorded in a paper-based headache diary with a formal list including 8 common migraine triggers. Results: Twenty-five patients concluded the protocol and were analysed (exercise: n = 12; waitlist: n = 13). In the whole cohort, the most common triggers were stress/irritability (60 %), sleep deprivation (60 %), fasting (28 %), and foods (28 %). Most patients (52 %) had ≥ 3 triggers. The exercise group showed a higher baseline proportion of patients with ≥ 3 triggers (69 %) compared to waitlist group (25 %) (p = 0.041). After intervention period, there was no difference in the proportion of patients with ≥ 3 triggers between waitlist (16.6 %) and exercise (30 %) groups (p = 0.502). The exercise group showed greater numeric reductions (from group’s sum) than waitlist group for triggers stress/irritability (-14 vs -9), fatigue (-12 vs -6), and menstruation (-9 vs -5). This seemed to reflect the reduced number of attacks in the exercise group [mean (CI95 %): -2.5 (-3.7, -1), p = 0.002] vs waitlist [0.9 (2.4, -0.8), p = 0.341]. Conclusion: Tracking migraine triggers during exercise interventions may help to unravel specific clinical effects of regular exercise. Trial registration: #NCT01972607.

Treinamento físico aeróbico na prevenção da migrânea: Uma análise de fatores desencadeantes

Background: Although aerobic exercise has been recommended for migraine management, no study has yet explored the effects of regular aerobic exercise on migraine triggers profile. Objective: To evaluate the effects of a 12-week aerobic exercise intervention on migraine triggers profile. Methods: We conducted a secondary, post hoc analysis of a randomized, controlled clinical trial. Triggers were recorded in a paper-based headache diary with a formal list including 8 common migraine triggers. Results: Twenty-five patients concluded the protocol and were analysed (exercise: n = 12; waitlist: n = 13). In the whole cohort, the most common triggers were stress/irritability (60 %), sleep deprivation (60 %), fasting (28 %), and foods (28 %). Most patients (52 %) had ≥ 3 triggers. The exercise group showed a higher baseline proportion of patients with ≥ 3 triggers (69 %) compared to waitlist group (25 %) (p = 0.041). After intervention period, there was no difference in the proportion of patients with ≥ 3 triggers between waitlist (16.6 %) and exercise (30 %) groups (p = 0.502). The exercise group showed greater numeric reductions (from group’s sum) than waitlist group for triggers stress/irritability (-14 vs -9), fatigue (-12 vs -6), and menstruation (-9 vs -5). This seemed to reflect the reduced number of attacks in the exercise group [mean (CI95 %): -2.5 (-3.7, -1), p = 0.002] vs waitlist [0.9 (2.4, -0.8), p = 0.341]. Conclusion: Tracking migraine triggers during exercise interventions may help to unravel specific clinical effects of regular exercise. Trial registration: #NCT01972607.

Effects of Aerobic Exercise Alone on Lipids in Healthy East Asians: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Aim: The purpose of the current work was to review the effects of regular aerobic exercise on serum lipid and lipoprotein levels in East Asians using meta-analysis.Methods: The randomized controlled trials analyzed involved healthy adults who were East Asians with a mean age ≥ 40 years, an exercise group that only performed regular aerobic exercise, and a control group that did not carry out exercise-related intervention; the trials indicated mean high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), or triglyceride (TG). The mean difference (MD) was defined as the difference (mean value at post-intervention in the exercise group − mean value at baseline in the exercise group) − (mean value at post-intervention in the control group − mean value at baseline in the control group) in HDL-C, LDL-C, TC, and TG and was calculated for each trial. The weighted MD was calculated with a random-effects model.Results: The meta-analysis examined 994 subjects in 25 studies. The weighted MD in HDL-C, TC, and TG improved significantly (HDL-C, 2.2 mg/dL; TC, − 5.8 mg/dL; TG, − 13.7 mg/dL). The weighted MD in HDL-C and TC contained significant heterogeneity (HDL-C, I2 = 45.1%; TC, I2 = 56.2%). When trials were limited to those involving moderate-intensity exercise (55%–69% of the maximum heart rate) or an exercise volume ≥ 150 min/week, the weighted MD in HDL-C, LDL-C, TC, and TG improved significantly and did not contain significant heterogeneity.Conclusions: The findings suggest that the ideal form of exercise to improve lipid and lipoprotein levels in East Asians is exercise of moderate-intensity and in a volume ≥ 150 min/week.

New indices of arterial stiffness measured with an upper-arm oscillometric device in active versus inactive women.

Arterial velocity pulse index (AVI) and arterial pressure‐volume index (API), new indicators of arterial stiffness, are risk factors for the development of cardiovascular disease. Regular aerobic exercise decreases arterial stiffness. In fact, pulse wave velocity (PWV), index of arterial stiffness, is lower in endurance‐trained than in untrained young adults. However, the effect of regular aerobic exercise on AVI and API remains unknown. This study investigates the effect of regular aerobic exercise on AVI and API, new indicators of arterial stiffness. We gathered data from 18 recreationally active females (active group, age: 18 ± 1 years, 2 ± 2 h/week, 3 ± 2 times/week, ≥2 years of aerobic endurance training) and 18 recreationally inactive females (inactive group, age: 18 ± 1 years, ≥2 years without such training) in a cross‐sectional study. Height, body weight, body mass index, AVI, API, brachial blood pressure, heart rate, and 20‐m multistage shuttle run test were measured in a quiet room at a temperature between 24°C and 25°C. AVI and API were lower in the active group than in the inactive group (P < 0.01). Number of 20‐m shuttles was negatively correlated with AVI (P < 0.01, r = −0.8) and API (P < 0.01, r = −0.8). These results suggest that regular aerobic exercise training decreases AVI and API in young females.

Effect of Regular Aerobic Exercise on Physical Fitness Index

Effect of Regular Aerobic Exercise on Physical Fitness Index