Price Effects Research Articles

Pengaruh Kualitas Produk, Harga, serta Promosi terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Sepeda Motor Yamaha Deta Jogja

Yamaha Deta Jogja as a dealer faces challenges in attracting customers due to increasingly tight competition. This study aims to analyze the effect of product quality, price, and promotion on motorcycle purchasing decisions at Yamaha Deta Jogja. This study uses a quantitative method with data analysis techniques in the form of multiple linear regression. This study found that quality, price, promotion partially and simultaneously have a positive effect on motorcycle purchasing decisions at Yamaha Deta Jogja. Each of these variables shows a significant contribution to consumer decisions in choosing a product, where product quality determines attractiveness based on its durability and reliability. Prices that are in accordance with consumer perceptions are also an important factor, where the match between price and value received increases consumer desire to buy. Effective promotions, through various communication strategies carried out by the company, have succeeded in attracting consumer attention and influencing purchasing decisions.

Customer satisfaction scores: New models to estimate the number of fake reviews

In this paper we develop new models for the distribution of customer satisfaction scores. This leads to new approaches for estimating the number of fake reviews in empirical data. Modifications of the basic model are presented that account for the propensity of extreme positive and negative reviews, and a potential lack of engagement on the part of reviewers. Further work to incorporate price and cultural effects is proposed.

Pengaruh Kepercayaan dan Harga Terhadap Loyalitas dengan Kepuasan Sebagai Variabel Intervening: Studi Kasus pada Pasien Klinik Sukaraya Medika Bekasi

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of trust and price on satisfaction, both partially and simultaneously, as well as the effect of trust, price, and satisfaction on loyalty, both partially and simultaneously. Additionally, the study examines the direct and indirect effects of trust and price on loyalty by introducing satisfaction as an intervening variable. This research is associative in nature with a quantitative approach. The population in this study includes all patients who have received treatment at Sukaraya Medika Clinic, with a sample size of 100 respondents calculated using the Purba formula. The sampling technique employed is incidental sampling. The research instrument is a questionnaire using a Likert scale, distributed via Google Forms as well as printed copies. Data validity and reliability were measured through validity and reliability tests, and data analysis was conducted using path analysis with the help of SPSS software. The results of this study indicate that the variables of trust and price have a positive and significant effect on patient satisfaction, both partially and simultaneously. Furthermore, the variables of trust, price, and satisfaction have a positive and significant effect on patient loyalty, both partially and simultaneously. The indirect effects of trust and price on loyalty through satisfaction as an intervening variable are greater than the direct effects of trust and price on loyalty.

The Effect Of Transfer Pricing And Political Connections On Tax Avoidance With Profitability As A Moderating Variable

Tax avoidance is an effort taken to reduce tax liabilities and maximize after-tax income that is carried out legally and safely for taxpayers because it does not conflict with tax provisions. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of transfer pricing, political connections, on tax avoidance with profitability as a moderating variable in multinational companies in the manufacturing sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2018-2022. The data obtained in this study come from the annual reports of multinational companies in the manufacturing sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2018-2022. The data analysis technique used in this study was purposive sampling and obtained 66 companies with a research period of 5 years, namely 2018-2022 so that 330 samples were obtained. The analysis method used in this research is multiple linear regression analysis and MRA. The results of this study indicate that the transfer pricing variable has a negative effect on tax avoidance but the transfer pricing variable has a positive effect on tax avoidance with moderating profitability, while political connections have no effect on tax avoidance even with moderating profitability.

The Influence Analysis of Marketing Mix on Customer Satisfaction “X” Books Store in the Faculty of Engineering, University Oo Sam Ratulangi Manado

Marketing mix or marketing mix is a set of marketing tools that companies use continuously to achieve their marketing goals in accordance with the market or target. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of product, price, place, and promotion on customer satisfaction of “X” Books Store at the Faculty of Engineering, Sam Ratulangi University Manado. The type of research used in this research is quantitative with an explanatory research approach. Data collection was carried out by filling out questionnaires by respondents. The population of this study were students of the Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture totaling 1196, of which a sample of 93 students was taken based on the slovin calculation. Data analysis was carried out using Coefficient of Determination, and Ttest. Simultaneously using the Coefficient of Determination test, the 4P variables, namely product, price, place, and promotion, have an effect on customer satisfaction at the X “Books Store at the Faculty of Engineering, Sam Ratulangi University Manado with a percentage of 39.6%. Based on the Pasal test using the T test, the 4P variable hypothesis, namely product and promotion, does not have a significant effect on customer satisfaction with a percentage of 12% and 10.5%. Meanwhile, price and place have a significant effect on customer satisfaction with a percentage of 26.7% and 35.1% at the Faculty of Engineering, Sam Ratulangi University Manado. This research has implications for the importance of effective marketing mix management at “X” Books Store in order to increase customer satisfaction.

Does industry monopolization widen wage residual inequality In China?

Fair income distribution is crucial for achieving common prosperity. This study used data from the China General Social Survey and Herfindahl–Hirschman index to explore the relation between industry monopoly and wage residual inequality, with a specific focus on the mediating role of informal employment. We found that industry monopoly significantly increased wage residual inequality, indirectly affecting lower-income groups through informal employment and exhibiting an inverted U shape. The DiNardo–Fortin–Lemieux counterfactual decomposition method shows that changes in residual inequality were primarily due to price effects, whereas structural effects were minimal but helped reduce wage residual inequality. This study provides key insights for understanding industry wage gaps and promoting high-quality employment.

INFLUENCE OF PRODUCT QUALITY AND PRICE ON CONSUMER SATISFACTION: A CASE STUDY OF VINTANCAKE

This study aims to determine the influence of product quality and price on consumer satisfaction (Y) in the Vintancake business. The sampling technique used in this study was non-probability sampling, specifically convenience sampling. A total of 50 respondents who had previously purchased Vintancake products were included as the sample for this study. The data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 25. The findings indicate that product quality has a positive and significant effect on consumer satisfaction, with a positive effect of product quality (x1) = 0.199 and a significance value of 0.000 (0.000 < 0.05). Similarly, price also has a positive and significant effect on consumer satisfaction, with a positive effect of price (x2) = 0.294 and a significance value of 0.000 (0.000 < 0.05). Both product quality and price jointly influence consumer satisfaction, with product quality (X1) and price (X2) showing that when both are at 0, consumer satisfaction (Y) increases to 14.892.

ENDS function as a complement for cigarillos in sexual and gender minority young adult women.

Cigarillos are the second most used tobacco product among younger populations. The highest prevalence of use of cigars is among sexual and gender minority (SGM) women. Policy interventions like flavor bans and the availability of alternative tobacco products may have a disparate effect. The current study utilized an online store analog, The Experimental Tobacco Marketplace (ETM), to investigate the effects of cigarillo and ENDS flavor bans on tobacco product purchasing. SGM (n=72) and cisgender heterosexual (Cis-Het; n =46) women viewed conditions in which cigarillo flavors were available or unavailable and ENDS flavors available or unavailable and the interaction between the two. Mixed models were conducted on each dependent variable with condition, price, and SGM identity as predictors and nicotine dependence, annual income, and race/ethnicity as covariates. Simple linear regressions were performed to determine the substitution profile for each tobacco product. Condition showed no effect. We found a main effect of price on cigarillo purchasing and a main effect of SGM identity in which SGM women purchased more ENDS than CisHet women. A complementary association between cigarillos and ENDS in which ENDS purchasing decreased as cigarillo purchasing decreased was found. This association was irrespective of flavor ban conditions and among SGM women only. These results suggest that flavor availability of cigarillos and ENDS may not influence women who use cigarillos to move to another tobacco product and that women SGM cigarillo users are not likely to substitute their cigarillo smoking behavior with ENDS. The results of this study suggest that SGM women are not likely to quit using cigarillos if flavors are removed from the market and instead will use unflavored products. Substituting their cigarillo use with ENDS does not appear likely given the complementary relation found between cigarillos and ENDS. The substitution patterns found for cigarettes and ENDS are not found for cigarillos and ENDS among young adult women who use cigarillos, further demonstrating the need for research on the conditions in which people who use cigarillos will decrease consumption or switch to a potentially less harmful product.

Carbon Taxes and CO2 Emissions: A Replication of Andersson (American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, 2019)

Abstract Do carbon taxes reduce CO2 emissions in the countries that adopt it? Andersson (2019. Carbon taxes and CO2 emissions: Sweden as a case study. American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, 11(4), 1–30) provides a clear, affirmative answer. His article has been widely cited as evidence that carbon taxes “work.” To check whether the estimates from Andersson (2019) are reliable, I replicate his article using its publicly available data and codes. I modify his synthetic control method (SCM) by using a more restricted set of control units (excluding one potentially treated unit). I also use a more efficient methodology, the Prais-Winsten estimator, to estimate price effects on gasoline consumption. In addition, I compute prediction intervals (PIs) and add these to the SCM estimates, using the newly developed scpi R package. My best estimate is that carbon taxes reduced per-capita CO2 emissions in Sweden’s transport sector by 7.7%, confirming Andersson’s main finding. I then extend Andersson’s approach to the Norwegian transport sector, estimating a smaller reduction of 2.4%. However, this effect falls within the PIs of the estimates assuming no carbon taxes. When I extend the analysis to the national level in Sweden, I estimate wide PIs and obtain inconclusive results.

The Effect Of Stock Price, Earning Per Share, Current Year Profit, Inflation, Interest And Exchange Rate On Construction Investment In Pt. Total Bangun Persada Tbk During 2013-2022

Indonesia is vigorously promoting progress in the construction sector, a key aspect of infrastructure development aimed at achieving equitable distribution across the country and preventing economic disparities (Willar, Waney, Pangemanan, & Mait, 2019). Infrastructure development is an essential program that continues to be advanced to enhance infrastructure and ensure economic equality throughout Indonesia. One of the primary infrastructure sectors targeted for development is construction (Pridayanti, 2014). Construction plays a vital role in supporting economic growth and improving the quality of life by providing necessary facilities and amenities. The construction of roads, bridges, buildings, and other infrastructures not only enhances connectivity and logistics efficiency but creates jobs and attracts investment. Therefore, the construction sector is a priority in the government's efforts to strengthen national competitiveness and catch up with other countries. One solution to support infrastructure development, particularly in construction, is through investment. Investment in the construction sector is crucial as it provides the necessary funds to build and improve existing and new infrastructures (Tambunan, Sabijono, & Lambey, 2019). Moreover, investment can attract reputable and competent construction companies, such as PT Total Bangun Persada Tbk, a private company engaged in construction. Investment also plays a role in creating new jobs, enhancing local workforce skills, and fostering economic growth (Mara, 2022). In making investment decisions, several factors need to be considered, such as the impact of stock prices, Earnings Per Share (EPS), current profit, inflation, interest rates, and exchange rates. Stock prices reflect the company's performance and market perception of prospects, while EPS indicates the profit earned per share, providing insight into the company's financial health. Current profit shows the profitability generated from daily operations. Inflation and interest rates are macroeconomic indicators that affect purchasing power and capital costs. Exchange rates, on the other hand, influence the cost of importing raw materials and the company's exposure to international markets. All these factors must be comprehensively considered to make wise and beneficial investment decisions.

Pengaruh Kemudahan dan Harga Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Mahasiswa Secara Online dengan Diskon sebagai Moderasi

With the increasing development of technology, buying and selling businesses also follow technological development trends by using the internet network. Business people must always understand customer needs in order to attract customers' interest in buying, one of which is always following changes and rapid developments in business tastes. This type of research is quantitative research. This research aims to determine the effect of convenience and price on students' online purchasing decisions with discounts as moderation. The sampling technique in quantitative research is carried out randomly, data collection uses research instruments, statistical data analysis with the aim of testing predetermined hypotheses. The population in this study were students who had shopped online, consisting of 160 respondents. The results of this research found that convenience and price influence students' online purchasing decisions. Discounts as moderation are able to moderate the influence of convenience and price on students' online purchasing decisions.

The Effect of Price and Product Quality on Consumer Satisfaction Levels

The Effect of Price and Product Quality on Consumer Satisfaction Levels

The power of mineral: Shock of the global supply chain from resource nationalism

State intervention has long affected the stability of the global mineral and raw material markets. Global energy transition has continued to boost demand for copper, lithium, cobalt, and nickel. It has exacerbated the global prevalence of resource nationalism. Research on resource nationalism has focused on the interaction of economic, political, cultural, and social elements within countries. The lack of understanding of the global economic effects of resource nationalism limits our flexibility in responding to upheavals in the global resource order. We combine time series counterfactual analysis and input–output modeling to advance our understanding of the worldwide supply chain effects of resource nationalism. We analyze the impacts of resource political behavior on global supply chains based on several representative episodes of resource nationalism. While major industrialized countries suffer more absolute welfare losses, formerly developed countries in the Global South face higher price effects. Moreover, nationalist resource shocks are not the only cause of welfare losses in the metals supply chain sector. Still, they are also harming various industries and groups, from food and energy to services. Such differences in price and welfare effects depend on the type of mineral and the resource power of the event-initiating country, on the one hand, and are influenced by the global industrial division of labor, on the other. More losses in developing countries come from the agricultural sector and primary manufacturing than from the severity of the losses suffered by the manufacturing and service sectors in industrial and rich countries. This is a reminder to pay more attention to the unequal distribution of economic pressures across countries and sectors in the global energy transition.

Coal price shocks and economic growth: A province-level study of China

Coal is the predominant energy source in China and exerts a significant influence on China's economic growth. This paper uses panel data to examine the impact of coal price shocks, which are decomposed into different types using the S-VAR method, on provincial economic growth in China from 2007 to 2021. Our results show that: (1) The impact of coal price shocks driven by the contemporaneous supply on economic growth is most significant. (2) The difference of the elasticity of GDP to coal prices becomes explicit when we differentiate the exporting and importing provinces. (3) Furthermore, we differentiate positive and negative coal price shocks and observe asymmetric impact pathways, which are mainly driven by exporters. Overall, our research proves the critical effect of coal prices on economic growth, especially for coal-exporting provinces. The economic impact of coal phase-out in China should be considered discreetly.

The Effect of Facilities, Quality, and Price on Consumer Satisfaction at Welijo Cafe and Freshmarket

The Effect of Facilities, Quality, and Price on Consumer Satisfaction at Welijo Cafe and Freshmarket

Different effects of carbon pricing and border adjustment in Germany and Spain

This study examines the effects of carbon pricing in Germany, Spain, and the broader European context using the dynamic, three-region environmental multisector general equilibrium model, EMuSe. Our findings indicate that unilateral carbon pricing in Germany or Spain leads to a sustained negative output. The marginal increase in production costs outweighs modest reductions in emissions. However, when Europe collectively adopts carbon pricing, the long-term output effects become positive, although there are more significant transition costs due to close trade relations within Europe. We find evidence of carbon leakage, which is marginally mitigated by a border adjustment mechanism. However, this mechanism mainly protects domestic carbon-intensive sectors and produces inconsistent country outcomes; Germany gains, while Spain loses. Notably, Spain’s energy sector emerges as a long-term beneficiary due to its relatively lower emission intensity. The findings highlight the strategic importance for Europe to engage global partners in carbon pricing as it reduces the economic downturn phase and increases long-term gains.

The Effect of Price, Halal Label, Length of Operating Hours on Users of Online Food Delivery Services in Medan City

The Effect of Price, Halal Label, Length of Operating Hours on Users of Online Food Delivery Services in Medan City

The Effect of Transfer Pricing and Profitability on Tax Avoidance Empirical Study in Industrial Sector Companies

This study aims to evaluate the influence of transfer pricing and profitability on tax avoidance in industrial sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the period 2019-2023. The analytical methods employed include descriptive statistical analysis, classical assumption tests, multiple linear regression analysis, t-tests, and the determination coefficient test using SPSS software with a 5% significance level. The sample used in this study consists of 139 observations. The results indicate that transfer pricing has a significant effect on tax avoidance, while profitability does not have a significant impact on tax avoidance. These findings suggest that companies tend to use transfer pricing strategies to minimize tax burdens and increase after-tax profits. Conversely, changes in profitability levels cannot be considered a reliable indicator to predict changes in corporate tax avoidance behavior. Thus, this study highlights the importance of transfer pricing as a key factor in corporate tax avoidance strategies, while profitability does not show a significant relationship with tax avoidance. These findings contribute to the literature on tax avoidance and can serve as a reference for policymakers in understanding the dynamics of tax avoidance in the industrial sector.

The Effect of Influencer Marketing, Live Streaming, Brand Awareness and Price on Purchasing Decisions for TikTok Users

The Effect of Influencer Marketing, Live Streaming, Brand Awareness and Price on Purchasing Decisions for TikTok Users

Strategic Alliances and Lending Relationships

ABSTRACT We study how proprietary information flows in strategic alliances facilitate banks’ information collection in private debt markets. We argue that lenders that have previously worked with a borrower’s alliance partners have an information advantage and show that firms entering a strategic alliance receive a lower interest spread on loans from banks that have previously lent to their strategic partners than loans from other banks. Cross-sectional tests on alliances’ economic importance and participants’ information environment support our hypothesis that the loan price effect is driven by reduced information asymmetry between borrowers and their partners’ relationship banks. Last, we find borrowers are more likely to obtain debt financing from alliance-related banks than from other banks. Overall, our findings are consistent with lenders that have previously worked with an alliance counterparty possessing debt contracting-relevant information about the soft nature of alliance value and the partners’ commitment to alliances. Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources cited in the text. JEL Classifications: G10; G21; G32.