Effectiveness Of Positive Psychology Interventions Research Articles

Positive psychology intervention (PPI) coaching: an experimental application of coaching to improve the effectiveness of a gratitude intervention

ABSTRACT Combining positive psychology with coaching is a complex matter. While most positive psychology coaching research promotes the use of positive psychology interventions in a coaching practice, the current study attempted to turn it on its head, and use coaching to amplify the effect of positive psychology interventions. In one-week-long randomised controlled trial with 45 participants, 24 (wait/control group) of them completed a gratitude-only intervention, whilst the remaining 21 (experimental group) engaged in a gratitude-and-coaching intervention. Three measures were used to identify the wellbeing differences of wait/control and experimental groups pre-intervention and immediately after the intervention. Paired-sample t-test results showed that participants in the gratitude-only intervention enhanced aspects of their subjective wellbeing, whereas those in the gratitude-and-coaching intervention increased an aspect of their eudaimonic wellbeing and dispositional gratitude. The study provided preliminary evidence that coaching can be used to amplify the effect of positive psychology interventions. The implications of the study are discussed along with the recommendations for future research.

Positive psychology interventions in in-patients with depression: influences of comorbidity and subjective evaluation of the training programme.

Studies on positive psychology interventions (PPIs) have frequently demonstrated benefits for healthy participants and patients. However, effect sizes are moderate, and underlying inter-individual differences in responses were rarely investigated. We investigated whether severity of depression and subjective evaluation of PPIs are relevant sources of variance in this respect. A 4-week group PPI programme (one 45-min session per week) was offered to 38 in-patients with depression. The control group (n = 38) was carefully matched and received treatment as usual. In the PPI group, emotional states were recorded before and after each session (responsiveness). Beck Depression Inventory-II scores at hospital admission and discharge were used to evaluate clinical effectiveness. The number of comorbidities (as an indicator of severity of disease) and patients' evaluations of the PPI sessions were used as additional independent factors for overall treatment outcome. The PPI induced a highly significant improvement in positive emotional state and decrease in negative emotional state, indicating responsiveness. Moreover, positive affectivity increased from week to week only in patients with a low number of comorbidities (indicating effectiveness). With respect to overall treatment outcome (Beck Depression Inventory-II scores), positive attitude toward the PPI resulted in the largest improvement. The results partly explain the variance in the effectiveness of PPIs. Moreover, they support the idea of personalised psychotherapy, and may inform discussion on whether patients with depression should be included in PPIs. However, additional individual characteristics should increase knowledge about individual predictors for effectiveness.

The effect of positive psychology intervention on quality of life among women with unintended pregnancy.

BACKGROUND:Studies have shown that quality of life in women with unintended pregnancy is significantly less than the ones with wanted gestation. Therefore, this study was aimed to determine the effect of intervention based on the positive psychology interventions on women's QoL with unintended pregnancies in Kermanshah, Iran.MATERIALS AND METHODS:In this randomized clinical trial, 40 women with unintended pregnancy met the eligibility criteria and were randomized into experimental (n = 20) or control (n = 20) groups. The Short-form 36-item Questionnaire (SF-36) was administered at pretest, post-test, and six weeks after the intervention. Positive psychology interventions were performed in each session once a week for 10 weeks, with a duration of 90 minutes. The Friedman test and Mann–Whitney U-test were used to analyze QoL and all eight domains for within-group and between-group comparisons, respectively. The level of confidence was set at 0.05 significant.RESULTS:Distribution of matched variables was not significantly different between the two trial groups. Over the intervention period, the mean of total scores of QoL and seven dimensions showed significant improvement among the experimental group, whereas in the control group, it decreased significantly (P < 0.05). In addition, in the posttest and follow-up stages, the mean score of six dimensions of QoL was higher than the control group (P < 0.05).CONCLUSION:According to the results of the present study, unintended pregnancy has side effects on QoL in women. Positive counseling interventions can improve the quality of life in women with unintended pregnancy.

The Effects of Positive Psychology Intervention on competitive State Anxiety and Perceived Performance of a University Baseball Player

The Effects of Positive Psychology Intervention on competitive State Anxiety and Perceived Performance of a University Baseball Player

Effectiveness of positive psychology interventions: a systematic review and meta-analysis

ABSTRACT A meta-analysis of positive psychology intervention (PPIs) studies was conducted. PPIs were defined as interventions in which the goal of wellbeing enhancement was achieved through pathways consistent with positive psychology theory. Data were extracted from 347 studies involving over 72,000 participants from clinical and non-clinical child and adult populations in 41 countries. The effect of PPIs with an average of ten sessions over six weeks offered in multiple formats and contexts was evaluated. At post-test, PPIs had a significant small to medium effect on wellbeing (g = 0.39), strengths (g = 0.46), QoL (g = 0.48), depression (g = −0.39), anxiety (g = −0.62), and stress (g = −0.58). Gains were maintained at three months follow-up. Individuals in non-western countries with clinical problems, who engaged in longer individual or group therapy programs containing multiple PPIs benefited most. This meta-analysis shows that PPIs have an extensive evidence base supporting their effectiveness.

Effects of Positive Psychological Intervention for College Students

Effects of Positive Psychological Intervention for College Students

Measuring Positive Emotion Outcomes in Positive Psychology Interventions: A Literature Review

Accumulating evidence for the unique social, behavioral, and physical health benefits of positive emotion and related well-being constructs has led to the development and testing of positive psychological interventions (PPIs) to increase emotional well-being and enhance health promotion and disease prevention. PPIs are specifically aimed at improving emotional well-being and consist of practices such as gratitude, savoring, and acts of kindness. The purpose of this narrative review was to examine the literature on PPIs with a particular focus on positive emotion outcomes. We evaluated the evidence on the effects of PPIs on positive emotion specifically, and discussed the range of evidence regarding the relative responsiveness of emotion measures to PPIs in order to gain a better understanding of the specific emotional pathways through which PPIs influence psychological and physical well-being. We conclude with recommendations for best evaluating effects of PPIs on positive emotion outcomes.

Effects of a Community-Based Multicomponent Positive Psychology Intervention on Mental Health of Rural Adults in Ghana.

There is growing evidence that positive psychology interventions (PPIs) enhance positive mental health and lead to a decrease in symptoms of psychopathology. This study examines the effectiveness of a 10-week multicomponent PPI (the Inspired Life Program; ILP) in promoting positive mental health and reducing symptoms of depression and negative affect in a sample of rural poor adults in Ghana. Using a quasi-randomized controlled trial design, participants from four rural poor communities were randomly allocated to intervention (n=40) or control (n=42) conditions. The intervention group participated in the 10-week ILP. Both groups completed a battery of mental health measures, including the Mental Health Continuum-Short Form, at pre-intervention, immediately after the intervention, and at 3 months follow-up. Hierarchical linear modeling was applied to evaluate whether the intervention was effective. There was a greater improvement in positive mental health, with a marked reduction in symptoms of depression in the intervention group compared to the control group, immediately and 3 months after the intervention. There were also larger increases in the proportion of flourishers in the intervention group compared to the control group, immediately and three months after the intervention. The observed effects of the ILP intervention program suggest that group-based PPIs can promote positive mental health and buffer against psychopathology among people living in rural poor communities in sub-Saharan Africa.

The effect of positive psychology interventions on well-being and psychopathology in patients with severe mental illness: A systematic review and meta-analysis

ABSTRACT There is a growing number of studies evaluating the impact of positive psychology interventions (PPI’s) in people with severe mental illnesses (SMI). The results of these studies have not been quantitatively reviewed yet. In this study, we conduct a meta-analysis on the effects of PPI’s on mental health in people with SMI across studies. Sixteen studies are included (nine RCTs), representing 729 patients. Meta-analyses were performed for well-being as the primary outcome at post-treatment. We found no significant effects on both well-being en psychopathology for the PPI’s in comparison with the control conditions. Within-group effects revealed a moderate effect (Hedge’s g = 0.40) on well-being and a large effect on psychopathology (g = 0.70). Though there is at present no evidence that PPIs are more effective in comparison with other active interventions, our findings demonstrated that people with SMI do benefit from PPIs in terms of enhancement of mental health.

Positive psychological interventions and cognition

ABSTRACT Positive Psychological Interventions (PPIs) such as the gratitude letter appear to increase subjective well-being and decrease depression. Previous research suggests that cognitive changes may explain PPIs' positive effects on emotion regulation, thereby changing how individuals experience the world around them. Specifically, PPIs may produce attentional deployment and cognitive reappraisal. Preliminary research examining the influence of the gratitude letter intervention on the semantic information processing and memory produced mixed results. Though we did not find strong evidence that this PPI influences the processing or memory of negative and positive stimuli, further investigation is needed to illuminate what cognitive changes may produce the emotional regulating effects of PPIs.

Epistemological fruit salad: Broadening methodology in positive psychology research to develop contextualised interventions and understandings of well-being

ABSTRACT The newly developing field of positive psychology has largely ignored the context of the individual in both research design and reporting. Limited knowledge exists about how people in different contexts (as opposed to cultures) experience well-being. Consequently, many positive psychological interventions (PPIs) are de-contextualised and applied universally. We argue that it is critical for the positive psychology field to adopt different research paradigms and methods to generate more contextual knowledge about well-being. We aim to demonstrate that contextual knowledge of well-being will generate more meaningful and useful information that can be used to inform future applied interventional research. The current article showcases combinations of different methodologies and demonstrates how each has led to varying understandings of well-being in different occupational contexts. The authors argue that contextualised knowledge of well-being can benefit the applied nature of positive psychology and increase the effectiveness of PPIs.

The Effectiveness of Positive Psychology Intervention in Turkey: A Meta-Analysis

The aim of this study is to determine the effect of the results intervention designed in experimental and quasi-experimental model within certain fields of positive psychology in Turkey by using meta-analysis method. The National Thesis Center database and Google Scholar was used to collect the data. Experimental thesis and articles conducted in Turkey between 2000-2019 were included in the study. Relevant thesis and articles are gathered by searching with the keywords “positive psychology”, “psychological well-being”, “psychological resilience”, “mental well-being”, “hope”, “optimism”, “happiness”, “resilience”. The research focused on experimental and quasi-experimental studies, and studies with pre-test and post-test patterns were reviewed. Comprehensive Meta-Analysis program was used in the analysis of the research data. After the analysis of the data, effect sizes in various sub-dimensions were calculated. In this study, the dependent and independent variables in experimental studies carried out by the researchers in Turkey on certain topics of positive psychology and the effectiveness of the independent variables used together with the effect size calculation were examined. In order to make some calculations related to the meta-analysis of the thesis and articles included in the research, studies with the required arithmetic mean, standard deviation and sample number were examined. Studies outside the field of Psychological Counseling and Guidance, qualitative studies and studies in which related values couldn’t be calculated were not included in the research. 16 studies (2 for positive psychology, 1 for psychological well-being, 2 for psychological resilience, 4 for subjective well-being, 1 for hope, 3 for optimism, 1 for happiness, 2 for resilience) were included in meta-analysis. As a result; according to a random model this study general effect size found 0,8 (0,32-1,27), also fixed model effect size 0,6 (0,43-0,78). The data obtained has indicated that the experimental studies have effective results in acquiring certain social skills related to positive psychology and providing more psychologically happy, hopeful and positive perspectives. The small number of experimental studies reached is an important indicator of the need for different experimental studies in the field of positive psychology.

Effect of Positive Psychology Interventions on the Quality of Prenatal Care Offered by Midwives: A Field Trial.

Background:The quality of prenatal care has been recognized as critical to the effectiveness of care in optimizing maternal and child health outcomes. This study examined the effect of positive psychology interventions on the quality of prenatal care offered by midwives.Materials and Methods:This field trial was conducted on 60 midwives working in community health centers in Mashhad, Iran, from September 23, 2015 to March 20, 2016. Initially, centers No. 1 and No. 3 were selected via cluster sampling from among the five healthcare centers of Mashhad. Then, all subsidiaries of these centers were listed and assigned to intervention and control groups through simple random sampling. Thus, 60 midwives were randomly assigned to two equal intervention and control groups. The intervention, based on Seligman's Well-Being Theory, was presented weekly with homework in eight 2-h sessions. Before the interventions and immediately after the intervention, the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (OHQ) and Ryff's Scales of Psychological Well-Being (SPWB) were completed by the midwives, and the Quality of Prenatal Care Questionnaire (QPCQ) was completed by two pregnant women for each midwife.Results:After the intervention, the mean [Standard Deviation (SD)] score of the overall quality of prenatal care in the intervention group was significantly higher than that of the control group [mean (SD) = 1.51 (0.49) vs. 0.05 (0.21); t43,12= 18.7, p < 0.001].Conclusions:It seems that improving the well-being of midwives through positive psychology interventions is effective on the quality of prenatal care provided by them.

Positive Psychology Intervention for Promoting Mental Health, Life Satisfaction and Happiness Level among Adolescents

Background: Adolescents’ behavioral and emotional disorders denote a considerable public health problem in developing countries. Hence, positive psychology intervention plays a prominent role in promoting mental health and increase happiness among adolescents. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of positive psychology intervention for promoting mental health, life satisfaction, and happiness level among adolescents. Method: A quasi-experimental research one group pre-test and post-test design were used with baseline data collected from second and third-year preparatory students from Saris Alliyan Aljadida preparatory school, Menoufia governorate, Egypt. Seven instruments were utilized; a constructed interview questionnaire, Brief Symptom Inventory, General Self-Efficacy Scale, Life Orientation Test-Revised, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Satisfaction with Life Scale, and The Oxford Happiness Questionnaires. Result: the current study's findings proved there were significantly greater increases in self-efficacy, self-esteem, optimism, and life satisfaction scores from pre-intervention to post-intervention. Also, there was significantly greater increases in happiness level from pre-intervention to post-intervention. Conclusion: This study showed the importance of the application of positive psychology intervention for promoting mental health and increase life satisfaction and happiness levels among adolescents. Recommendation: Based on the study's findings, it was recommended the school nurse regularly assess all adolescents to identify those with low levels of happiness and life satisfaction. Also, the school nurse applies positive psychology intervention to prevent depression, promote mental health and increase life satisfaction and happiness levels among adolescents in the school setting. How to Cite this Article Pubmed Style Amal A. El-Abbassy, Alyaa Hosam El Din Salam, Kariema I. EL Berry, Reda Elfeshawy. Psychology Intervention for Promoting Mental Health, Life Satisfaction and Happiness Level among SRP. 2020; 11(10): 996-1008. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.10.149 Web Style Amal A. El-Abbassy, Alyaa Hosam El Din Salam, Kariema I. EL Berry, Reda Elfeshawy. Psychology Intervention for Promoting Mental Health, Life Satisfaction and Happiness Level among http://www.sysrevpharm.org/?mno=43681 [Access: March 30, 2021]. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.10.149 AMA (American Medical Association) Style Amal A. El-Abbassy, Alyaa Hosam El Din Salam, Kariema I. EL Berry, Reda Elfeshawy. Psychology Intervention for Promoting Mental Health, Life Satisfaction and Happiness Level among SRP. 2020; 11(10): 996-1008. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.10.149 Vancouver/ICMJE Style Amal A. El-Abbassy, Alyaa Hosam El Din Salam, Kariema I. EL Berry, Reda Elfeshawy. Psychology Intervention for Promoting Mental Health, Life Satisfaction and Happiness Level among SRP. (2020), [cited March 30, 2021]; 11(10): 996-1008. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.10.149 Harvard Style Amal A. El-Abbassy, Alyaa Hosam El Din Salam, Kariema I. EL Berry, Reda Elfeshawy (2020) Psychology Intervention for Promoting Mental Health, Life Satisfaction and Happiness Level among SRP, 11 (10), 996-1008. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.10.149 Turabian Style Amal A. El-Abbassy, Alyaa Hosam El Din Salam, Kariema I. EL Berry, Reda Elfeshawy. 2020. Psychology Intervention for Promoting Mental Health, Life Satisfaction and Happiness Level among Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy, 11 (10), 996-1008. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.10.149 Chicago Style Amal A. El-Abbassy, Alyaa Hosam El Din Salam, Kariema I. EL Berry, Reda Elfeshawy. Positive Psychology Intervention for Promoting Mental Health, Life Satisfaction and Happiness Level among Adolescents. Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy 11 (2020), 996-1008. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.10.149 MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style Amal A. El-Abbassy, Alyaa Hosam El Din Salam, Kariema I. EL Berry, Reda Elfeshawy. Positive Psychology Intervention for Promoting Mental Health, Life Satisfaction and Happiness Level among Adolescents. Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy 11.10 (2020), 996-1008. Print. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.10.149 APA (American Psychological Association) Style Amal A. El-Abbassy, Alyaa Hosam El Din Salam, Kariema I. EL Berry, Reda Elfeshawy (2020) Psychology Intervention for Promoting Mental Health, Life Satisfaction and Happiness Level among Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy, 11 (10), 996-1008. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.10.149

Positive Psychology Interventions to Improve Wellbeing and Health Behaviour Adherence in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Scoping Review and Meta-analyses

The aim of this review was to evaluate the effectiveness of positive psychological interventions (PPIs) to improve well-being and health behaviour adherence among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Medline, PsycINFO, the Cochrane register, EMBASE, and Google Scholar were systematically searched to find relevant studies until January 2020. The primary outcome was reduction in risk factors of cardiovascular disease including HbA1c, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure along with improvement in positive affect, optimism, self-efficacy, and health behaviour adherence such as diet, exercise and medication. The secondary outcomes were reduction in depression, anxiety and stress. A random-effect model was used to compare group effect size at post-test. We identified a total of 11 studies (N=1594 participants) with substantial variability in the interventions. Overall, the results provide evidence that multi-component PPIs have a small but significant effect on positive affect, optimism, health behaviour, self-care and BMI. Further, the review demonstrates that PPIs can be effective in the reduction of anxiety and stress symptoms. However, studies included in this review are heterogenous due to methodological variation, therefore, in future more studies across a wide range of PP interventions needs to be included in order to validate the findings and for conclusive evidence.

Positive Psychological Interventions to Prevent Well-Being Issues, Aggression and Bullying in School Students

Data obtained by Russian psychologists and sociologists is used to substantiate the need for school-based interventions to improve school climate and reduce overall peer aggression. Positive psychological interventions (PPIs) for wellbeing have a number of advantages over programs designed to reduce or eliminate negative behavioral manifestations, such as anti-bullying, anti-smoking, depression prevention, or violence prevention programs. In particular, PPIs are universal, flexible, and wide-reaching; they have a strong influence on such important life outcomes as positive emotions, involvement in something that one loves, harmonious social relations, adequate self-esteem, and the feeling of significance. Effectiveness of PPIs is evaluated using international literature as compared with descriptive studies of Russian researchers.

Evaluating Positive Psychology Interventions at Work: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Positive psychology interventions (PPIs) in the workplace aim to improve important outcomes, such as increased work engagement, job performance, and reduced job stress. Numerous empirical studies have been conducted in recent years to verify the effects of these interventions. This paper provides a systematic review and the first meta-analysis of PPIs at work, highlighting intervention studies explicitly aligned within the theoretical traditions of positive work and organizations (PWO). We draw from streams of PWO, including positive organizational scholarship (POS), positive organizational behavior (POB) and positive organizational psychology literature (POP) to evaluate PPIs at work. The meta-analytic findings from 22 studies showed that the five workplace positive psychology interventions had a small positive effect on improving desirable work outcomes (g = .25), and a small to moderate effect on reducing undesirable work outcomes (g = −.34). Thus, this paper provides valuable insight on the effectiveness of PPIs at work and future directions for scholars and practitioners.

The Effects of Positive Psychological Interventions on Medical Patients' Anxiety: A Meta-analysis.

Positive psychology interventions, which involve systematic completion of activities designed to promote well-being, are being increasingly studied in medically ill patients. However, the extent to which these interventions ameliorate patient anxiety remains unclear. Therefore, the aim of the study was to conduct a meta-analysis to determine the efficacy of positive psychology interventions in reducing anxiety in medical patients. Electronic databases Medline, PsycINFO, SciELO, Cochrane (Central), and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched from inception to June 18, 2018, to identify studies of positive psychology interventions that included a validated measure of anxiety as an outcome measure. The search generated a total of 1024 studies. Twelve randomized controlled trials (n = 1131) delivered to medical patients were included in the review, and a further 11 nonrandomized trials (n = 300) were included in a secondary analysis. Positive psychology interventions were effective at reducing patient anxiety relative to a control with a small to medium effect size (g = -0.34, 95% confidence interval = -0.50 to -0.18), and results were maintained at a mean of 8-week follow-up (g = -0.31, 95% confidence interval = -0.54 to -0.08). Clinician-led interventions seemed to be more effective than self-administered interventions, and longer interventions were more effective than shorter interventions. Secondary analysis of nonrandomized trials also found that positive psychology interventions are associated with reduced anxiety. Positive psychology interventions seem to be effective at reducing medical patient anxiety. Future research is needed to determine optimal intervention characteristics, including dose and intervention content, that maximize the observed treatment effects.

Meta-analyses of positive psychology interventions: The effects are much smaller than previously reported.

For at least four decades, researchers have studied the effectiveness of interventions designed to increase well-being. These interventions have become known as positive psychology interventions (PPIs). Two highly cited meta-analyses examined the effectiveness of PPIs on well-being and depression: Sin and Lyubomirsky (2009) and Bolier et al. (2013). Sin and Lyubomirsky reported larger effects of PPIs on well-being (r = .29) and depression (r = .31) than Bolier et al. reported for subjective well-being (r = .17), psychological well-being (r = .10), and depression (r = .11). A detailed examination of the two meta-analyses reveals that the authors employed different approaches, used different inclusion and exclusion criteria, analyzed different sets of studies, described their methods with insufficient detail to compare them clearly, and did not report or properly account for significant small sample size bias. The first objective of the current study was to reanalyze the studies selected in each of the published meta-analyses, while taking into account small sample size bias. The second objective was to replicate each meta-analysis by extracting relevant effect sizes directly from the primary studies included in the meta-analyses. The present study revealed three key findings: (1) many of the primary studies used a small sample size; (2) small sample size bias was pronounced in many of the analyses; and (3) when small sample size bias was taken into account, the effect of PPIs on well-being were small but significant (approximately r = .10), whereas the effect of PPIs on depression were variable, dependent on outliers, and generally not statistically significant. Future PPI research needs to focus on increasing sample sizes. A future meta-analyses of this research needs to assess cumulative effects from a comprehensive collection of primary studies while being mindful of issues such as small sample size bias.

The Effect of Positive Psychology Intervention on the Psychological Well-Being of Adolescents

The Effect of Positive Psychology Intervention on the Psychological Well-Being of Adolescents