Effects Of Plyometric Training Research Articles

Plyometric Training in Normobaric Hypoxia improves Jump Performance.

Strength training in hypoxia has been shown to enhance hypertrophy and function of skeletal muscle, however, the effects of plyometric training in hypoxia is relatively unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effects of plyometric training in hypoxia compared to normoxia on body composition, sprint and jump parameters. Twenty-three male physical education students (20.4±2.0 years, mean±SD) participated in the study and were divided into a plyometric training in hypoxia (PTH, n=8), plyometric training in normoxia (PTN, n=7) or control group (C, n=8). The PTH group trained in normobaric hypoxia (approximately 3536 m) 3 days/week for 8 weeks, while the PTN trained in normoxia. PTH induced significant improvements from baseline to post-testing in countermovement-jump (37.8±6.7 cm, 43.4±5.0 cm, p<0.05), squat-jump (35.4±6.2 cm, 41.1±5.7 cm, p<0.05), drop-jump height (32.8±6 cm, 38.1±6 cm, p<0.05) and 20-m sprint performance (3257.1±109.5 ms, 3145.8±83.6 ms, p<0.05); whereas PTN produced significant improvement only in countermovement-jump (37.3±4.8 cm, 40.5±4.5 cm, p<0.05) and 20-m sprint performance (3209.: 3±76.1 ms, 3126.6±100.4 ms, p<0.05). Plyometric training under hypoxic conditions induces greater improvement in some jump measures (drop-jump and squat-jump) compared to similar training in normoxia.

The Effect of Plyometric Training on Improving Values of Some Biokinematics Variables of High-Jump Shooting Skill with the Accuracy in Handball

This study aimed to find out the effect of plyometric training on improving values of some kinematicsvariables of high-jump shooting skill and accuracy in Handball.The researcher used the single group experimental design. The research sample was the players of NaftAl-Janoob Club, season 2020- 2021, they were chosen intentionally. The researcher photographed theresearch sample using a camera. “Sony” (250 images/sec), And he conducted the kinematic analysisusing the “dart-fish” program. The implementation of the proposed training curriculum continued for(8) weeks at (24) training units and a rate of (3) training units per week. The researcher took intoaccount the time specified for each training unit and the number of training units per week, and thegeneral capabilities of the players, as well as the availability of devices and tools, as the researcher wasensured that the curriculum vocabulary is consistent with the scheduled exercises prepared previouslyfor the team. the researcher concluded that there was an improvement in the values of kinematicsvariables while applying the plyometric training through the results of pre and posttests and for thefavor of posttest, as well as the used training method that included plyometric training improved theshooting accuracy performance in high shooting in the post-test due to the use of the same exercisesof the motor pathway. The researcher recommended using plyometric training to develop the values ofkinematics variables of high-jump shooting skill.

Effects of plyometric training on muscle-tendon mechanical properties and behavior of fascicles during jumping.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of plyometric training on the muscle–tendon mechanical properties and behavior of fascicles during jumping in order to elucidate the mechanisms of improved jump performance due to plyometric training. Eleven subjects completed a 12‐week unilateral training program for plantar flexors. Active muscle stiffness with (100°·s−1) and without (250°·s−1) stretch reflex were calculated according to changes in muscle force and fascicle length during fast stretching after submaximal isometric contractions. Stiffness and hysteresis of tendon were measured using ultrasonography during ramp and ballistic contractions. Three kinds of unilateral jump heights using only ankle joint (no counter‐movement jump: no‐CMJ; counter‐movement jump: CMJ; drop jump: DJ) on sledge apparatus were measured. During jumping, electromyographic activities (mEMG) of plantar flexors and fascicle length of the medial gastrocnemius muscle were measured. Active muscle stiffness at 250 and 100°·s−1 and maximal tendon elongation during ballistic contraction significantly increased after training. Tendon hysteresis during ballistic contraction significantly decreased after training, whereas that during ramp contraction did not. The heights of three jump tests, the ratio of mEMG during eccentric to that during concentric phases for CMJ, and the amount of fascicle shortening and shortening velocity during eccentric phase of DJ significantly increased after training. These results suggest that an increase in CMJ height was associated with changes in the muscle–tendon mechanical properties and muscle activation strategy, whereas an increase in DJ height could be explained by changes in the muscle–tendon mechanical properties, but not muscle activation strategy.

Post-exercise hypotension effects in response to plyometric training of 7- to 9-year-old boys with overweight/obesity: a randomized controlled study.

Physical activity plays an important role on children with obesity. This study evaluated the effects of plyometric training on the anthropometry, body composition, and the blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) of boys with obesity. Boys aged 7 to 9 years old were divided in: non-trained (N.=12) and trained (N.=29). The plyometric training program consisted of jumps on nonconsecutive days for twelve weeks. Anthropometry and body composition, BP and HR were evaluated. BP, HR and rate-pressure product were recorded at rest and 2 minutes after the section. Two-way repeated factors ANOVA was used. Trained group had a reduction in skinfolds and an increase in free fat mass (within and between-groups) and a large effect size for most anthropometric and body composition variables. Late systolic response was reduced from 122±1.1 (immediately post-exercise at the first week) to 112±1.0 at the end of plyometric training period. Diastolic reduction was seen two minutes after each session of exercise (from 68±1.1 to 62±1.2). HR was reduced in response to plyometric training (108 bpm to 97 bpm). Our findings strengthen previous studies that suggest that intense exercise has significant adaptive effects on BP and HR.

The Effect of Plyometric Training and Strength Training among Male College Volleyball Players - A Comparative Study

Introduction: The performance of sports persons can be enhanced through scientific inputs from physiotherapists, as demonstrated in this study.Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of plyometric training versus strength training in improving the power, standing broad jump, and vertical jump performance of college-level volleyball players.Methodology: Fifty subjects were randomly assigned to either of one group equally after assessment. Subjects in Group 1 were trained with plyometric training while subjects in Group 2 (n = 25) were trained with strength training. The pre-test and post-test data of standing broad jump, power, vertical jump performance were taken before and after the intervention respectively using standing long jump test, power by Sayer’s formula, and vertical jump test.Results: In Group 1, average power before the intervention was 3409.39 ± 290.19 watts and after the intervention, it was 3912.30 ± 100.00 watts. In Group 2, average power before the intervention was 3318.30 ± 236.17 watts, and after the intervention, it was 3709.2 ± 298.86 watts. Thus, in both the groups, intervention led to a significant improvement in power. In Group 1, average vertical jump height before the intervention was 42.16 ± 4.52 cm and after the intervention, it was 49.68 ± 4.95 cm. In Group 2, average vertical jump height before the intervention was 40.96 ± 3.93 cm and after intervention, it was 47.08 ± 4.76 cm. Conclusion: Both the groups showed improvement after the training, but the group trained with plyometric training showed better results than the strength training group.

Effects of Three Preseason Training Programs on Speed, Change-of-Direction, and Endurance in Recreationally Trained Soccer Players.

Background: Modern coaches experience a drastic reduction of the available training time with an increasingly large number of competitions during the competitive season. Thus, they must choose wisely the most efficient methods to improve the physical fitness of their players during the preseason. Among all the methods, this study compared the effects of plyometric training (PT), sprint interval training (SIT), and small-sided games (SSGs) on the performance of recreationally trained soccer players.Methods: Seventy-three participants were randomly assigned in one of the three experimental groups (i.e., PT [n = 23], SIT [n = 26] or SSGs [n = 24]) and completed two sessions per week for a total of 3 weeks. Meanwhile, the whole group maintained their habitual soccer-specific training program who do not interfere in the preparation of the season. Repeated sprint ability (RSA), maximal aerobic speed (MAS), and a 30-m sprint were assessed at baseline (PRE) and post-training (POST).Results: Performance in SSGs decreased for the average speed from 0 to 10 m (V0−10m; −0.84 km h−1, −4 ± 5%, p < 0.001), the maximal distance (Dmax) covered in the 30-s RSA test (−3.65 m, −3 ± 6%, p < 0.01) and MAS (−0.52 km h−1, −3 ± 6%, p < 0.01). PT increased the mean distance (Dmean) covered in the 30-s RSA test (+5.98 m, 5 ± 4%, p < 0.001) and MAS (+0.58 km h−1, 7 ± 5%, p < 0.01) while an improvement of all parameters but the maximal sprint speed reached during the 30-m trip (Vmax) was found in the SIT group (V0−10m: +1.462 km h−1, 8 ± 5%, p < 0.001; Dmax: +7.89 m, 6 ± 5%, p < 0.001; Dmean: +8.69 m, 7 ± 5%, p < 0.001 and MAS: +1.74 km h−1, 12 ± 8%, p < 0.001). All SSG POST values were significantly lower than PT and SIT (p < 0.01). Dmean and MAS in POST were also significantly higher in SIT than in the PT group (p < 0.001).Conclusion: This study suggests that both PT and SIT could be a better alternative to SSGs to boost performances during preseason. Moreover, SIT seems to produce higher improvements in physical performances than PT.

Effects of Plyometric Training on Electromechanical Delay of College Women.

The article's abstract is not available.

The effects of plyometric training with additional weight applied to football athletes-students on some physical and physiological features and chronic muscle damage

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of plyometric training with additional weight on physical performance and muscle damage findings in faculty of sports sciences athlete-students. Physical performance tests and blood samples of the athlete-students (male 23.41 ± 3.2 years old) were collected both from sample and the control groups at the first week of the study and at the last training of the twelfth week. During the study, plyometric training programs were applied to the additional weight group (AWG) and no additional weight group (AG). By the end of first and twelfth week, players’ BMI and body fat percentage tests were applied together with the physical tests of shuttle, yoyo, vertical jump, horizontal jump, agility and sprint performance tests. Blood samples were also taken to check muscle damage control markers (CK and LDH). Results: According to the results of tests performed at the end of first and twelfth weeks’ plyometric trainings on group with additional weight group (AWG), shuttle, yoyo and horizontal jumping were found to be significantly increased, while sprint performance, BMI and body fat performance tests were significantly decreased. The test results of the group without additional weight (AG) was; significant increase in shuttle, yoyo and vertical jump while significant decrease in sprint performance and fat %. By the end of twelve week plyometric trainings, no muscle damage has been observed in (AWG), CK pre-training (229,00 ± 155,25) and post training values (242,33 ± 193,67) and LDH pre-training (169,75 ± 40,85) and post-training (174,33 ± 39,12) values. As a result of the study, 12-week plyometric training with additional weight applied to football athletes-students not only increased their physical performance, but also muscle damage (CK and LDH) was not observed.

The Effect of Plyometric Training up and downstairs and obstacle jumping on the improvement of squat style long jump results for male participants in the DKI Jakarta Athletic Club

The objectives of this study were 1) To improve the hurdle jumping training on the long jump results of the squat style in the male participants of the DKI Jakarta club. 2) Increasing the plyometric training up and downstairs to the results of the squat-style long jump in the male participants of the DKI Jakarta club. 3) This is more influential between the plyometric training of hurdle jumping and plyometric training up and downstairs to improve the squat style long jump results for male participants in the DKI Jakarta club. The method to be used is an experimental method, namely the research design using "(Pre-Test and Post Test Two Group Design (pretest-posttest randomized group design)", namely to determine the independent and dependent variables (Ronny, 2007: 138). The initial and final tests using the hurdle jump obtained an average deviation of MD = 0.26 standard deviation SD = 0.07 and the standard error mean SEMD = 0.03 these results produce at-table at degrees of freedom (DK) = 5-1 = 4 with a significant level 5% obtained the critical value of t-table = 2.776 with these results, then H0 is rejected because t-count = 7.63 which means that t-count ≥ t-table then H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted, where the hypothesis is Ha = there is an increase in obstacle jump training to the long jump results squat style on club athletes in DKI Jakarta.

Effects of Plyometric Training on Soft and Hard Surfaces for Improving Running Economy.

The present study investigated the effects of plyometric jump training on hard and soft surfaces on running economy (RE), maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), running performance and the rate of force development in orienteers. Nineteen orienteers (11 women and 8 men, body mass 61.1 ± 7.3 kg, age 21 ± 5.8 yrs) were randomly stratified based on sex, age, VO2max and RE to plyometric jumping training (8 sessions over 4 weeks) on either a hard or a soft surface. RE, VO2max and running performance were assessed on a treadmill and outdoor on- and off-trail loops. Moreover, ground reaction forces and force development were assessed during a one leg drop-jump test. The training intervention led to an overall 2-7% improvement in treadmill and off-trail RE, independent of the jumping surface and running velocity assessed. These improvements were not explained by force development during drop jump tests, which remained unchanged following the intervention. The changes in time-trial performance were associated with changes in RE. Plyometric training improved RE with no difference between the hard or the soft training surface and improved RE was also independent of the running speed assessed. Furthermore, improved running performance was associated with changes in RE after the intervention.

Plyometric training effects on explosive power, sprint and direction change speed in basketball: A review

Plyometric training involves the use of exercises in which the actual muscles after eccentric contraction become concentric. The aim of this narrative review was to determine the significance and role of plyometric training in basketball, ie this review aimed to determine the influence of plyometric training on the explosive power, sprint, and the change of direction speed of basketball players. The results of this review indicate that plyometric training is an effective method that has a positive effect on short-term maximum performance in basketball. However, some studies have indicated that the effect may be absent on sprint and change of direction speed in basketball players. The general factors of application of plyometric training are age, warm-up, exercises, performance technique, equipment, and surface. The effects of plyometric training can vary depending on factors such as athlete's level, gender, sports activity, duration, type of plyometric training. Therefore, further original studies are needed, in order to further clarify the effect of plyometric training on short-term maximum performance, especially on sprint and change of direction speed of basketball players.

Effects of Plyometric Training on Selected Motor Components in Semi-Professional Kabaddi Players – A Randomised Control Study

Background: In Kabaddi, players requirequick reflexes, dynamic balance, agility, neuromuscularcoordination and individual proficiency.Plyometric exercises wereutilized to enhance sportsperformance byeliciting numerous positive changes in neural and musculoskeletal system of healthyplayers. The purposeof this study was to evaluate the effects of Plyometric training on selected motor components in semiprofessionalKabaddi players.Methods: 30semi-professional Kabaddi players with an age range of 12-20 years were assigned randomlyas Group A performed plyometric training and Group B did their regular training programs. Agility, sprint,explosive power were measured before and after the intervention by agility ‘t’ test, 60m sprint test andsargent jump test respectively.Results: Group A showed significant improvement in agility time (p=0.021; &lt;0.05), Sprinting time(p=0.0001; &lt;0.05) and jumping performance (p=0.0004; &lt;0.05), and that of group B.Conclusion: This study proved that the plyometric training is effective in improving Agility, Sprint andExplosive power in semi-professional kabaddi players.

Impact of Drop Jump Index For17-18 Year Old Volleyball Players in Albania

Volleyball is characterized by the activity of vertical jump performance in the technical elements of attack, block and service. The study focuses on young Female &amp; Male players during the 12-week plyometric training. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of 12-weeks plyometric training performance in volleyball players M &amp; F in Albania to see the differences between them. Methods; 40 young players (F &amp; M) participated in this study. N=10 M &amp; N=10 F volleyball players considered as Experimental and the same number as Control. The average age of players included in this study is 17-18 years old. The players of both groups were evaluated before and after 12 weeks. The F&amp;M Experimental groups conducted 12 weeks of plyometric training with 2 sessions for a week. The F&amp;M Control groups conducted the training according to the method of their trainers. Besides anthropometric measurements they developed Drop Jump tests by jumping from the cube in height 40 cm and 60 cm. Results; The results showed a high correlation coefficient (r = 0,924) and statistically significant (p &lt;0,05). Data obtained from two groups GRFP show that the relationship between the contact time and the time air changes between the two tests DJ 40-60cm. Conclusions. The methodology used helps us compare the high and poor performances that help coaches to program more detailed plyometric training for the development of jumping skills in young volleyball players. The effect of plyometric training developed on M&amp;F volleyball players and according to data obtained from GRFP, showed that male volleyball players had a better performance in vertical jump than female volleyball players. Vertical jumping may be assessed not only by the height of its development but also by the phase of residence in the air.

Effects of Plyometric Training with Agility Ladder on Physical Fitness in Youth Soccer Players.

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of plyometric training with an agility ladder on components of physical fitness in youth soccer players. A total of twenty male under-13 soccer players were randomly assigned to a plyometric training group with an agility ladder (n=10) or a control group (n=10). Before and after training intervention linear sprint test (5 m, 10 m, 20 m), vertical jump ability (squat jump, countermovement jump and countermovement jump with arms), agility test, and slalom dribble test were assessed. The plyometric training with agility ladder was applied two times per week over six weeks. Data were analyzed using linear mixed model. The plyometric training group showed significant improvements (p<0.001) from pre-test to post-test in countermovement jump, countermovement jump with arms, and slalom dribble test. In the control group, no significant enhancements were obtained in all performance tests (p>0.05). The between-group analysis showed significant differences in countermovement jump with arms (p=0.03), but no significant differences (p>0.05) were found in squat jump, countermovement jump, sprint, agility test, and slalom dribble test. In conclusion, the short-term plyometric training with agility ladder seems to be ineffective and not time-efficient to improve physical fitness in youth soccer players. However, the interpretation of these results must be understood within the sample size limitations.

Effects of Plyometric Vs. Combined Plyometric Training on Vertical Jump Biomechanics in Female Basketball Players.

The purpose of this study was to assess and compare the effects of plyometric training and combined training programs on vertical jump kinematics and kinetics of female basketball players. Thirty-six female basketball players were included in the study and further divided into three groups: plyometric training, n = 11; combined training n =13; and a control group, n =12. Combined training comprised full squat exercise with low resistance (50-65% 1RM) and low volume (3-6 repetitions/set) combined with repeated jumps. Plyometric training included drop jumps and repeated jumps. Both training methods showed a moderate increase in jump performance, although combined training achieved substantially higher values than plyometric training alone. After plyometric training, the vertical velocity and displacement of the center of mass of the countermovement jump increased, while force variables decreased. Combined training increased power, vertical velocity and displacement of the center of mass, but force variables remained unchanged. Both training methods improved jump height, velocity and displacement of the center of mass. Combined training maintained force measures while plyometric training decreased them. These results indicate that combined training might provide better outcomes on jump performance than plyometric training alone. It also appears important to measure biomechanical variables to appropriately interpret the effects of different training methods.

The effects of plyometric training and β-alanine supplementation on anaerobic power and serum level of carnosine in handball players

Plyometric training and β-alanine supplementation are common among athletes, although its mixed-use had never been investigated in handball players. Thus, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was performed to investigate the impacts of a plyometric training regimen with or without β-alanine supplementation on anaerobic performance and carnosine levels in male handball players. Eighteen male handball players were allocated to either a plyometric training group receiving placebo (placebo, n = 9; 24.33 ± 5.12 years) and a plyometric training group receiving β-alanine (β-alanine, n = 9; 18.89 ± 2.14 years) supplementation. Participants were evaluated for anaerobic power, serum level of carnosine, and blood lactate before and after a 4-week intervention. Average power and peak power were increased more after β-alanine ingestion than after placebo (10.4 and 9.1% versus − 1.7 and − 6.8%, respectively). Fatigue index was significantly decreased by 26.2% in the placebo group, with no significant change in the β-alanine group (+ 10.6%). The serum level of carnosine in both groups was significantly increased compared with pre-intervention. It was increased more after β-alanine supplementation than placebo (61.8 versus 43.6%). It was concluded that β-alanine consumption during plyometric training might add further adaptive changes related to anaerobic power and carnosine levels.

Effects of Plyometric Training on Lower Extremity Force Production and Reactive Strength in Adolescent Female Basketball Players

Effects of Plyometric Training on Lower Extremity Force Production and Reactive Strength in Adolescent Female Basketball Players Randy Hill, PT, DPT, Sarah Banks, PT, DPT, Jenna Sawdon-Bea, PT, PhD, Jennifer Roos, PT, DPT, GCS, Julie DeYoung, PT, DPT, OCS Abstract Purpose:The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of a 6-week, standardized, group-based plyometric training program on force generating potential of knee extensors, hip abductors, and hip extensors and reactive strength as measured by the reactive strength index in a sample of adolescent female basketball players. Methods: Seventeen female basketball players completed the study, 13 to 16 years of age (average of 14 years). Isometric force production of knee extensors, hip abductors, and hip extensors was measured with the hand-held MicroFet3 dynamometer. Reactive strength index was measured with the MuscleLab Ergotest infrared contact grid using depth jumps. The intervention consisted of 6 exercises performed prior to normal basketball practice twice per week for 6 weeks. Results: statistically significant improvements were observed between pre-test and post-test for all force measurements with the exception of right leg hip abduction. Reactive strength index did not significantly change. Conclusions: findings suggest the proposed plyometric training program offers sufficient stimulus to improve lower extremity force production, but not reactive strength in adolescent female athletes. More research is needed comparing the intervention to a control group and to determine an exercise dose necessary to produce changes in reactive strength index. Full Text: PDF DOI: 10.15640/jpesm.v8n1a5

Effects of Plyometric Training on Technical Skill Performance of Handball Team Players at Debre Markos Town

The purpose of this study was to examine effects of twelve weeks plyometric training on technical skill performance of handball players in Debre Markos handball team players. The total subject for the study were twenty-two (n =22) male handball trainees of Debre Markos handball team players in 2019/2020. The study populations were little; all were taken as a sample by using comprehensive sampling technique. Through randomization method trainees segregated in to two groups, an experimental group (n=11) and a control group (n=11). The experimental group (EG) performed a twelve-week plyometric exercise, 3-days per week for a total of 60 minutes per day and the control group (CG) did not perform any plyometric exercise that designed for this study. To achieve the objective of this study, quantitative research approach and True experimental research design was utilized. The data was collected through field technical skill test of study participants and this data were analyzed by using Paired sample t-test and Independent sample t-test statistical tools. Based on the data analyzed, the pre-posttest performance of EG were significantly improved in shooting accuracy and speed dribbling dependent variables (SA, P=0.000, SD, P= 0.002, p 0.05); similarly, the independent t-test shows the posttest performance of shooting accuracy and speed dribbling of EG where significantly more improved than posttest CG group tests (SA, P= 0.011, SD, P= 0.007, p 0.05). The results of this study show that plyometric training improves shooting accuracy and speed dribbling of handball team player’s technical skill performance, whereas plyometric training has not improved passing accuracy technical skill performance of handball team players. Based on the result and conclusion of the study recommendation will be forwarded for the concerned bodies.

Effects of plyometric training on Sargent jump, posture control and lower extremity injury criterion in Taekwondo demonstrator

Effects of plyometric training on Sargent jump, posture control and lower extremity injury criterion in Taekwondo demonstrator

Effect of plyometric training for development of agility among hockey players of Hyderabad district in Telangana state

The purpose of the present study to find out the effect of plyometric Training for the development of agility among Male Hockey Players of Hyderabad District. The sample for the present study consists of 40 Male Hockey Players of Hyderabad District between the age group of 16 to 20 Years out of which 20 are experimental group and 20 are controlled group. Plyometric Training were given to experimental group on alternate days i.e. three sessions per week and controlled group were given the general training for eight weeks. Pre Test and Post Test were conducted in T-Test Agility Run to measure the agility among experimental group and controlled group. This study shows that due to the Plyometrc training there is a improvement of experimental group in agility and controlled group is decreased in agility.