Effects Of Petroleum Products Research Articles

Effect of Petroleum Products on the Larvicidal Activity of Aedes Mosquitoes in Ika North-East LGA, Delta State, Nigeria

Aims: The recent yellow fever outbreak in Delta State, especially in Ika North East local government, triggered the need for this study. Background: Diseases caused by Aedes are by far raising serious concerns in the world. Objective: To evaluate the larvicidal activity on the use of petroleum products in the control of Aedes mosquitoes. Methods: Mosquito species were collected using 350ml deep ladle and identified in the field using their resting positions in their local habitats. Larvae and pupae were separately exposed to 0.005, 0.01, and 0.02%ml of kerosene and petrol in single and mixed forms. The experimental sets were triplicated. Data was analyzed using ANOVA and Turkey’s test to compare mortality, and time of mortality. LC50 and LC95 were computed using Probit analysis. Results: Results revealed that all concentrations of treatment caused complete mortality in larvae except in 0.005%ml and 0.01%ml of kerosene alone and kerosene and petrol mixture at 50 minutes of exposure. All concentrations of treatment equally caused complete mortality in pupae except in 0.005%ml of kerosene (Mean= 10.00) at 30 minutes. The differences between mortality and time mortality records were significant (p< 0.05). Kerosene and petrol mixture and kerosene alone had the lower LC50 and LC95 0.0021 and 0.0088ml respectively in the larvae group. Kerosene and petrol mixture had lower LC50 and LC95 0.0037 and 0.0050, respectively. Conclusion: Therefore, scaling up this intervention on a large scale in endemic areas would reduce larvae density and disease outbreaks.

Adherence to safety practices and the effect of petroleum products on petrol station attendants in Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria

This research was aimed at evaluating the adherence to safety practices and the effect of petroleum products on petrol station attendants in Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria. The study was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out at five randomly selected petrol stations in Abraka, with a total of 35 petrol station attendants assessed using a structured questionnaire. Data was analyzed using SPSS statistical software. Majority of the respondents were female 21 (60%), most respondents were single 27 (77.1%), most respondents had tertiary education 29 (82.9%), most respondents had worked for at least 2 years 12 (34.3%), and most respondents work for more than 8 hours daily 18 (51.4%). Most (51.4%) of the respondents use PPE during their working hours, although, only 13 (37.1%) respondents use them regularly. Reported health problems included cough 5 (14.3%), breathing difficulty 4 (11.4%), and headache 3 (5.6%). Adherence to safety practices and use of personal protective equipment (PPE) by petrol station attendants was good, although, efforts should be made to ensure the use of these PPE by the attendant at the petrol stations, and proper care and attention be given to the petrol stations attendants to avoid future health problems.Keywords: Petroleum products, petrol station, attendants, Abraka, Delta State

Experimental Study of Strip Footings Rested on Kerosene Oil- and Gas Oil-Contaminated Sand Slopes

In recent years, due to the increasing use of hydrocarbons by humans, soil contamination has become a concern in environmental and geotechnical engineering fields. Accordingly, in the oil-rich regions of the world, a great deal of research is devoted to the study of soil refinement, bearing capacity and instability caused by soil contamination. An experimental study was undertaken to achieve an accurate and realistic response. After determining the bearing capacity, the effect of petroleum products, including gas oil and kerosene oil, on the bearing capacity of strip footings adjacent to sand slopes was investigated. In this study, variables such as the type and percentage of contamination and the thickness of the contaminated layer have been investigated. The results show that a thicker contaminated layer and a greater degree of contamination will decrease the bearing capacity of the strip footing. The correlation relationships were presented at the end of the research. By these equations and by knowing the type, depth and percentage of contamination, one can predict the bearing capacity of a strip footing with a specific width on the kerosene- and gas oil-contaminated sand slope.

Effects of Petroleum Products in Soil on α-Amylase, Starch Phosphorylase and Peroxidase Activities in Cowpea and Maize Seedlings

Aims: To determine the effect of petroleum products (kerosene, diesel, engine oil and petrol) contaminated soil at various concentrations on the activities of α-amylase, starch phosphorylase in the cotyledons of cowpea and maize seedlings as well as peroxidase activity in the leaves of both seedlings. Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted in Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria between April 2007 and August 2011. Methodology: Improved varieties of maize (Zea mays L) and Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp were planted in soil contaminated at different concentrations comprising six groups. Each group was replicated five times. Groups 1 to 5 contained 0.1%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 1.0% and 2.0% (v/w) respectively of each of the petroleum products while group six served as control (0.0%). Three Original Research Article Achuba and Okoh; AJEA, 6(2): 112-120, 2015; Article no.AJEA.2015.070 113 seeds were planted in each bag and watered daily. Four days after germination the activities of αamylase, starch phosphorylase in the cotyledons of the cowpea and maize seedlings were analysed. This was followed by the determination of peroxidase activity in the leaves of cowpea and maize seedlings four, eight and twelve days after germination. Results: The results showed that the petroleum products caused metabolic perturbations in the seedlings. This is indicated by the significant (P<0.05) decrease in the activities of starch degrading enzymes: α-amylase and phosphorylase as well as peroxidase activity compared to their respective control values. Conclusion: Kerosene decreased the activities of the enzymes more than the other petroleum products. The effect of petroleum products contaminated soil was more severe in cowpea seedlings relative to maize seedlings.

Effect of Petroleum Products on Soil Catalase and Dehydrogenase Activities

The effect of refined petroleum products on the activities of selected enzymes (catalase and dehydrogenase) was studied. There was a significant decrease (p kerosene > diesel > engine oil. However, a significant increase (p diesel > petrol > engine oil. On the whole the results reveal that refined petroleum products alter soil biochemistry.

Petroleum Products in Soil Mediated Oxidative Stress in Cowpea (&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Vigna unguiculata&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;) and Maize (&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Zea mays&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;) Seedlings

The effects of petroleum products (kerosene, diesel, engine oil and petrol) treatment of soil at various sublethal concentrations (0.0%, 0.1%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5% and 2.0%) on oxidative stress markers (lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase activity, catalase activity and xanthine oxidase) were studied in cowpea and maize seedlings. The results indicated that the petroleum products caused a significant increase in lipid peroxidation and a significant decrease in the activities of the antioxidant enzymes: Superoxide dismutase, catalase and xanthine oxidase activities. Kerosene had a greater effect on these indicators of oxidative stress than did the other petroleum products. The effects on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes were more pronounced in cowpeas seedlings than in maize seedlings.

Aluminosilicate microspheres in fly ashes from thermal power plants and their use for the removal of petroleum and phenol from water

Petroleum and petroleum products constitute a special group of pollutants in the hydrosphere. Water pollution by petroleum and petroleum products results from crude oil production, transportation, and refining; the use of petroleum products as fuel for marine engines; the washing of oil carrier tanks; water flows from territories contaminated with petroleum products; etc. The effect of petroleum products on living organisms manifests itself in physiological disorders, diseases caused by the insertion of hydrocarbons into the body, biological changes in the environment, etc. The deposition of petroleum residues at the bottom of water bodies can produce anaerobic conditions and become a source of secondary pollution in the hydrosphere [1‐3]. Phenol is a highly toxic organic pollutant that is haz

The effect of exposure to petroleum products on some renal function parameters of motor mechanics in port harcourt metropolis of Nigeria

The effect of petroleum products on some renal function parameters was assessed in motor mechanics in Port Harcourt, Nigeria using urinalysis, urea and creatinine estimations. Traces of protein in urine were found in the exposed population, which increased as the duration of exposure increased. Mean urea and creatinine levels showed a significant difference (p

Gas-Chromatographic Determination of Alkyl Acetates in Aqueous Solutions with Chromatomembrane Gas Extraction

Methods were developed for the gas-chromatographic determination of alkyl acetates in aqueous solutions in the concentration range of 0.01–100 mg/L with the chromatomembrane gas extraction of analytes from a flow of the test liquid. The analytical potentialities of the direct-flow and counterflow techniques of chromatomembrane gas extraction were compared. It was demonstrated that the interfering effect of petroleum products on the results of analysis can be eliminated by using an additional chromatomembrane cell.

Effects of petroleum products on the survival of beneficial pseudomonas species.

Effects of petroleum products on the survival of beneficial pseudomonas species.

The effect of poly[hexanedioic acid-1,2-propylene-glycol] ester on the wear of steel

Along with the advancement of analysis and awareness of the environment has come increasing concern over the effects of petroleum products being released into it. No doubt, petroleum may be released to the environment as a potentially harmful material. This has promoted the use of environment-friendly lubricants, including additives. In view of this, a study of the effects of a synthesized ester additive in liquid paraffin was carried out using a four-ball machine. The newly synthesized additive, poly[hexanedioic acid-1,2-propylene-glycol] ester showed excellent antiwear and friction-reducing performance.

Immunological reactivity of refinery workers

In the process of modern oil refining, workers come into contact with a variety of substances. In this regard, it is necessary to study the effects of petroleum products on the body of workers and, in particular, on the immune system, since immunological shifts may precede clinical ones [2].

Effect of petroleum products on the snow‐ice cover of the arctic

Abstract The impact of oil spills on Arctic water and ice was investigated in 1978 on three test plots on the drifting station North Pole 22 when it was 115 to 250 nautical miles north of Canada and Alaska. Oil products spilled on the surface of snow and ice were found to raise the surface temperature in spring to 5.3°C. The melting of the snow and ice cover was found to be more rapid in polluted plots than in clean plots, with the acceleration greatest in a plot polluted with crude oil and smallest with gasoline. These effects apply only to the particular conditions in the area of investigation. Similar tests elsewhere in the Arctic may yield a more generalized model.

Effect of Petroleum Products on Neoprene Vulcanizates Effect of Gasolines

Abstract The third paper of this series2 showed that the Diesel index may be used as a criterion of the swelling effect of kerosenes and kerosene-benzene blends on Neoprene. It was erroneously stated, however, that “swelling caused by kerosene is not a simple function of the … aniline point”. A recheck of the data, together with additional work, indicates that the aniline point may be used as a criterion of the swelling power of kerosenes, but this correlation is not so precise as with the Diesel index. This is particularly true in the case of kerosene-benzene blends when benzene predominates in the blend. As with kerosenes, the aniline point or Diesel index may be used as an indication of the swelling power of gasolines, and thus these constants may be used to specify standard immersion media of these types.

Effect of Petroleum Products on Buna-S Vulcanizates

Abstract The authors believe that the tear resistance data presented in this paper should be kept in mind by anyone contemplating the use of Buna-S in applications where occasional contact with petroleum products may occur. The coincidence of the following three conditions on the surface of a Buna-S vulcanizate will amost certainly lead to a serious tear: 1. Cracking (weather cracks, cuts, gouges, snags). 2. Wetting with petroleum products, particularly the lighter variety. 3. Flexing, static or dynamic. The tear will probably continue through the object until the flexing stress is relieved or until a fabric insert is reached. Thus, a tire tread would be torn through to the breaker fabric.

Effect of Petroleum Products on Buna S Vulcanizates

Effect of Petroleum Products on Buna S Vulcanizates

Effect of Petroleum Products on Neoprene Vulcanizates

Effect of Petroleum Products on Neoprene Vulcanizates

Effect of Petroleum Products on Neoprene Vulcanizates. I. Effect of Lubricating Oils

Abstract The aniline point and the viscosity-gravity constant of petroleum derived oils may be used as criteria of the swelling effect of the oils on Neoprene vulcanizates. One or other of the constants should be used to describe or identify any oil to be used as a testing medium in swelling tests forming part of control or purchase specifications for Neoprene fabricated parts. Such a step will insure comparable results between different laboratories, and will enable samples of oils to be duplicated insofar as their swelling action is concerned. The aniline point and the viscosity-gravity constant are equally reliable, except in the case of high viscosity index hydraulic oils (containing polybutene), where the aniline point is preferred. The dark color of some oils may dictate the use of the viscosity-gravity constant. Other things being equal, the aniline point is preferred because of the ease of determination and lack of specialized apparatus.