Effects Of Oxygen Depletion Research Articles

On the mechanisms affecting soot production in oxygen-depleted buoyant flames

The objective of this article is to apply a detailed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH)-based soot production model to investigate the effects of oxygen depletion on the overall soot production processes in laminar coflow ethylene diffusion flames. This task is accomplished by simulating the flames, studied experimentally by Sun et al. (Combust. Flame 211:96–111, 2020), burning under oxygen concentration in the oxidizer down to 16.8% and characterized by a constant volumetric stoichiometric air to fuel ratio to keep the residence time unchanged. This configuration allows isolating the effects of reducing oxygen on both soot formation and oxidation processes and avoiding the complex interactions between soot production and turbulence. Model predictions are in reasonable agreement with the experiments in terms of temperature, soot volume fraction, and primary particle diameter and capture quantitatively the effects of oxygen depletion on soot production. In all the flames, both the H-abstraction and acetylene addition (HACA) and PAH condensation contribute significantly to the soot mass growth, with the HACA slightly dominating the overall process. Reducing the oxygen concentration affects similarly all the formation and oxidation processes with a reduction in the range 30–40% from 21.0% to 18.9% and in the range from 60 to 70% as it is further reduced to 16.8%. Among the formation processes, the PAH condensation and surface growth by HACA have a similar sensitivity to oxygen depletion, followed by soot inception.

A phenomenological model of proton FLASH oxygen depletion effects depending on tissue vasculature and oxygen supply.

Radiation-induced oxygen depletion in tissue is assumed as a contributor to the FLASH sparing effects. In this study, we simulated the heterogeneous oxygen depletion in the tissue surrounding the vessels and calculated the proton FLASH effective-dose-modifying factor (FEDMF), which could be used for biology-based treatment planning. The dose and dose-weighted linear energy transfer (LET) of a small animal proton irradiator was simulated with Monte Carlo simulation. We deployed a parabolic partial differential equation to account for the generalized radiation oxygen depletion, tissue oxygen diffusion, and metabolic processes to investigate oxygen distribution in 1D, 2D, and 3D solution space. Dose and dose rates, particle LET, vasculature spacing, and blood oxygen supplies were considered. Using a similar framework for the hypoxic reduction factor (HRF) developed previously, the FEDMF was derived as the ratio of the cumulative normoxic-equivalent dose (CNED) between CONV and UHDR deliveries. Dynamic equilibrium between oxygen diffusion and tissue metabolism can result in tissue hypoxia. The hypoxic region displayed enhanced radio-resistance and resulted in lower CNED under UHDR deliveries. In 1D solution, comparing 15 Gy proton dose delivered at CONV 0.5 and UHDR 125 Gy/s, 61.5% of the tissue exhibited ≥20% FEDMF at 175 μm vasculature spacing and 18.9 μM boundary condition. This percentage reduced to 34.5% and 0% for 8 and 2 Gy deliveries, respectively. Similar trends were observed in the 3D solution space. The FLASH versus CONV differential effect remained at larger vasculature spacings. A higher FLASH dose rate showed an increased region with ≥20% FEDMF. A higher LET near the proton Bragg peak region did not appear to alter the FLASH effect. We developed 1D, 2D, and 3D oxygen depletion simulation process to obtain the dynamic HRF and derive the proton FEDMF related to the dose delivery parameters and the local tissue vasculature information. The phenomenological model can be used to simulate or predict FLASH effects based on tissue vasculature and oxygen concentration data obtained from other experiments.

Development of a portable hypoxia chamber for ultra-high dose rate laser-driven proton radiobiology applications

BackgroundThere is currently significant interest in assessing the role of oxygen in the radiobiological effects at ultra-high dose rates. Oxygen modulation is postulated to play a role in the enhanced sparing effect observed in FLASH radiotherapy, where particles are delivered at 40–1000 Gy/s. Furthermore, the development of laser-driven accelerators now enables radiobiology experiments in extreme regimes where dose rates can exceed 109 Gy/s, and predicted oxygen depletion effects on cellular response can be tested. Access to appropriate experimental enviroments, allowing measurements under controlled oxygenation conditions, is a key requirement for these studies. We report on the development and application of a bespoke portable hypoxia chamber specifically designed for experiments employing laser-driven sources, but also suitable for comparator studies under FLASH and conventional irradiation conditions.Materials and methodsWe used oxygen concentration measurements to test the induction of hypoxia and the maintenance capacity of the chambers. Cellular hypoxia induction was verified using hypoxia inducible factor-1α immunostaining. Calibrated radiochromic films and GEANT-4 simulations verified the dosimetry variations inside and outside the chambers. We irradiated hypoxic human skin fibroblasts (AG01522B) cells with laser-driven protons, conventional protons and reference 225 kVp X-rays to quantify DNA DSB damage and repair under hypoxia. We further measured the oxygen enhancement ratio for cell survival after X-ray exposure in normal fibroblast and radioresistant patient- derived GBM stem cells.ResultsOxygen measurements showed that our chambers maintained a radiobiological hypoxic environment for at least 45 min and pathological hypoxia for up to 24 h after disconnecting the chambers from the gas supply. We observed a significant reduction in the 53BP1 foci induced by laser-driven protons, conventional protons and X-rays in the hypoxic cells compared to normoxic cells at 30 min post-irradiation. Under hypoxic irradiations, the Laser-driven protons induced significant residual DNA DSB damage in hypoxic AG01522B cells compared to the conventional dose rate protons suggesting an important impact of these extremely high dose-rate exposures. We obtained an oxygen enhancement ratio (OER) of 2.1 ± 0.1 and 2.5 ± 0.1 respectively for the AG01522B and patient-derived GBM stem cells for X-ray irradiation using our hypoxia chambers.ConclusionWe demonstrated the design and application of portable hypoxia chambers for studying cellular radiobiological endpoints after exposure to laser-driven protons at ultra-high dose, conventional protons and X-rays. Suitable levels of reduced oxygen concentration could be maintained in the absence of external gassing to quantify hypoxic effects. The data obtained provided indication of an enhanced residual DNA DSB damage under hypoxic conditions at ultra-high dose rate compared to the conventional protons or X-rays.

Effect of environmental conditions on fire combustion regimes in mechanically-ventilated compartments

This publication deals with under-ventilated combustion regimes in case of pool fire in a confined- and mechanically-ventilated enclosure. The objective is to improve the understanding of combustion regimes in a ventilated compartment focusing on the effect of fire size and the ventilation rate. It is based on dodecane pool fire tests conducted on a reduced scale (1.875 m3) enclosure and considering two varying parameters, the pool diameter and the ventilation air flow rate prior to ignition. Three combustion regimes were identified: two steady burning regimes with extinction by lack of fuel or oxygen (fuel burnout) and a transient burning regime with extinction by lack of oxygen. A representation of these regimes is proposed with two scaling parameters: the reference global equivalence ratio, φo, and the volumetric fire heat release rate. Results demonstrate that increasing φo reduces the burning rate in comparison to its value in an open atmosphere. While for a low volumetric fire heat release rate (HRR), the reduction in burning rate is mainly due to oxygen depletion, gas temperature has an additional effect at higher volumetric HRR (about 16 kW/m3). The effect of gas temperature compensates for the effect of oxygen depletion and increases the burning rate. The conditions leading to the highest gas temperature inside the enclosure were obtained in fire scenarios with high volumetric fire HRR and moderate φo.

Effects of oxygen depletion on soot production, emission and radiative heat transfer in opposed-flow flame spreading over insulated wire in microgravity

Effects of oxygen depletion on soot production, emission and radiative heat transfer in opposed-flow flame spreading over insulated wire in microgravity

Effects of oxygen depletion on soot production, emission and radiative heat transfer in opposed-flow flame spreading over insulated wire in microgravity

The main objective of this article is to investigate experimentally and numerically the effects of reduced-oxygen contents on the soot production and emission from solid fuels in microgravity, which constitute an important issue in terms of fire safety for manned space missions. Due to its convenience for the implementation of soot-related optical diagnostics, the configuration of a flame spreading in an opposed flow over thin nickel chromium (NiCr) wires coated by low density PolyEthylene (LDPE) is considered. Experiments are conducted at a pressure of 101.3 kPa and an oxidizer velocity of 150 mm/s. The oxygen mole fraction in the oxidizer, XO2, is varied from 18% to 21% by nitrogen dilution of air. The modeling strategy lies on a surrogate fuel to mimic the combustion of LDPE by preserving its stoichiometry and the laminar smoke-point (LSP) flame height. The numerical model considers a detailed chemistry, a two-equation soot production model involving laminar smoke point (LSP)-based soot formation rates and oxidation by OH and O2, a radiation model coupling the Full-Spectrum correlated-k method with the finite volume method, and a simple degradation model for LDPE. Based on experimental evidence, the soot formation rate is scaled by the adiabatic flame temperature to account for thermal effects due to variation in XO2. The model reproduces quantitatively the increase in flame size, residence time, and soot volume fraction observed experimentally as XO2 is enhanced as well as the transition from a non-smoking to a smoking flame, which occurs for XO2 between 19% and 20%. The increase in soot volume fraction results of a combined enhancement in both residence time, owing to an increase in the fuel mass flow rate, and soot formation rate due to higher temperature in the soot formation region. The radiant fraction increases significantly with XO2 from about 17% for XO2=18% to about 36% for XO2= 21%. This increase in radiative losses is accompanied by a reduction of the temperature in the soot oxidation region. Therefore, for increasing XO2, the soot oxidation process is governed by a competition between oxygen-enhanced conditions that promote the formation of soot oxidizing species and the increase in radiative losses that dampens their formation. For the present flames, the first mechanism prevails as XO2 increases from 18% to 19% whereas the second dominates as XO2 is further increased, leading to smoking flames as actually observed for XO2=20 and 21%. The radiant fraction at the smoke-point transition and the soot oxidation freezing temperature are in line with those reported at normal gravity. Finally, model results show that, whatever XO2, the contribution of radiation to the heating process is negligible ahead of the pyrolysis front and is largely overcome by surface radiative losses along the pyrolysis region.

Single-Cell Tests to Explore the Reliability of Sofc Installations Operating Offshore

This paper studies the robustness of off-shore solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) installations and the nature and causes of possible cell degradation in marine environments. Two important, cathode-related, impediments to ensuring SOFC reliability in off-shore installations are: cathode degradation due to salt contamination and oxygen depletion in the air supply. Short-term and long-term tests show the effect of salt contamination in the cathode feed on cell performance, and reveal the underlying cause of the degradation seen. SEM/X-ray Diffraction/(XRD) analyses made it possible to identify salt taken up in the cathode microstructure after the short-term testing while the macroscopic cell structure remained intact after the short-term tests. The long-term degradation was found to be more severe, and SEM images showed delamination at the cathode/electrolyte interface with salt present, something that was not seen after long-term testing without salt. The effect of oxygen depletion on the performance was also determined at three different temperatures using I-V curves.

Identification of critical factors that significantly affect the dose-response in mosquitoes irradiated as pupae

BackgroundThe sterile insect technique (SIT) for use against mosquitoes consists of several steps including the production of the target species in large numbers, the separation of males and females, the sterilization of the males, and the packing, transport and release of the sterile males at the target site. The sterility of the males is the basis of the technique; for this, efficient and standardized irradiation methods are needed to ensure that the required level of sterility is reliably and reproducibly achieved. While several reports have found that certain biological factors, handling methods and varying irradiation procedures can alter the level of induced sterility in insects, few studies exist in which the methodologies are adequately described and discussed for the reproductive sterilization of mosquitoes. Numerous irradiation studies on mosquito pupae have resulted in varying levels of sterility. Therefore, we initiated a series of small-scale experiments to first investigate variable parameters that may influence dose-response in mosquito pupae, and secondly, identify those factors that potentially have a significantly large effect and need further attention.MethodsIn this study, we compiled the results of a series of experiments investigating variable parameters such as pupal age (Aedes aegypti), pupal size (Ae. aegypti), geographical origin of mosquito strains (Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus), exposure methods (in wet versus dry conditions, Ae. albopictus) and subsequently in low versus high oxygen environments [submerged in water (low O2 (< 5 %)] and in air [high O2 (~ 21 %)] on the radiosensitivity of male pupae (Ae. aegypti, Ae. albopictus and Anopheles arabiensis).ResultsResults indicate that radiosensitvity of Ae. aegypti decreases with increasing pupal age (99% induced sterility in youngest pupae, compared to 93% in oldest pupae), but does not change with differences in pupal size (P = 0.94). Differing geographical origin of the same mosquito species did not result in variations in radiosensitivity in Ae. aegypti pupae [Brazil, Indonesia, France (La Reunion), Thailand] or Ae. albopictus [Italy, France (La Reunion)]. Differences in induced sterility were seen following irradiation of pupae that were in wet versus dry conditions, which led to further tests showing significant radioprotective effects of oxygen depletion during irradiation procedures in three tested mosquito species, as seen in other insects.ConclusionsThese findings infer the necessity to further evaluate significant factors and reassess dose-response for mosquitoes with controlled variables to be able to formulate protocols to achieve reliable and reproducible levels of sterility for application in the frame of the SIT.

The effect of oxygen depletion on soot and thermal radiation in buoyant turbulent diffusion flames

The radiative characteristics of buoyant ethylene diffusion flames were investigated in normal air (21% O2 by volume) and nitrogen-diluted, reduced-oxygen conditions (15–19% O2 concentrations). The characteristics for a 15 kW heat release rate flame, such as the radiant-power distribution and the line-of-sight spectral emission, were measured. A reduction of the overall radiant fraction in reduced-oxygen conditions was observed compared to flames burning in normal air. This reduction could generally be attributed to lower soot emission. To better understand this effect, simultaneous measurements of local soot volume fraction and temperature were conducted using the two-color pyrometry technique. The soot volume fraction and the temperature statistics on the flame axis are reported for both 21% O2 and 17% O2 co-flow conditions. The soot volume fractions for 21% O2 are generally found to be higher than those at the 17% O2 condition. But the soot temperature is relatively similar, showing the soot formation reactions occur at the similar temperature range, and the lower temperature environment of 17 % O2 attributes to smaller soot concentration. As a result, these factors cause a lower local soot emission intensity. A negative correlation between the fluctuating components of soot volume fraction and temperature is found to occur, with the correlation weakening at higher elevations. Overall, the measurements provide new understanding into spatiotemporal soot-radiation characteristics of buoyant, turbulent flames burning in different co-flow oxygen conditions.

Effect of Oxygen Depletion to the Cathode on the Working of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

During the recent years, SOFC research has mainly been aimed at reducing the capital cost to effectively compete with other power generation technologies. CMR Prototech, Norway is a provider of technical solutions, product designs and tools for various application areas. Currently, CMR Prototech is planning to develop 2 MW modular fuel cell systems for subsea operation. Each module consists of 200 stacks, each stack producing 10kW. In order to address the technical challenges faced during this development and to make SOFC technology feasible for offshore applications more research on fuel cells in marine environment is necessary. This research was aimed at determining the effects of a) reducing partial pressure of oxygen and b) NaCl contamination on the performance of the SOFC cathode of a single SOFC cell. This present paper focuses on the effect of oxygen partial pressure. Single cell tests were performed in a versatile test station, fully automated and controlled using LabVIEW programming. The fluid handling system with mass flow controllers and four-points measurement probes along with field-point connections were installed in the test station. A set of experiments were conducted, reducing the partial pressure of oxygen supplied to the cathode stopwise (at thre relevant temperatures, namely 800, 850 and 900oC). All the cells were characterized and analyzed by I-V curves. The grain structures of the cells were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) before and after the experiments.

Effect of Oxygen Depletion to the Cathode on the Working of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

The performance of solid oxide fuel cells operating with varying oxygen concentrations, decreasing from an initial concentration of 21% (air), in the gas supplied to the cathode is investigated systematically operating the cells at three different temperatures, namely 800, 850 and 900C.The performance is characterized by determining the I-V curves ofthe cells, whereby it is possible to roughly distinguish between ohmic polarization and concentration polarization. The most dramatic effects of decreasing the oxygen partial pressure to the cathode was found at oxygen concentrations below 12.6%, where the onset of concentration polarization limitation was seen to start to dominate at the highest power densities. After testing it was found that the cells recovered their performance almost completely, when again supplied with air to the cathode, except in one case (the cell tested at 850C) where a threshold low oxygen concentration appears to have been reached during the testing causing the cell to recover less completely.

Macroinvertebrate short-term responses to flow variation and oxygen depletion: A mesocosm approach

In Mediterranean rivers, water scarcity is a key stressor with direct and indirect effects on other stressors, such as water quality decline and inherent oxygen depletion associated with pollutants inputs. Yet, predicting the responses of macroinvertebrates to these stressors combination is quite challenging due to the reduced available information, especially if biotic and abiotic seasonal variations are taken under consideration. This study focused on the response of macroinvertebrates by drift to single and combined effects of water scarcity and dissolved oxygen (DO) depletion over two seasons (winter and spring). A factorial design of two flow velocity levels - regular and low (vL) - with three levels of oxygen depletion - normoxia, medium depletion (dM) and higher depletion (dH) - was carried out in a 5-artificial channels system, in short-term experiments. Results showed that both stressors individually and together had a significant effect on macroinvertebrate drift ratio for both seasons. Single stressor effects showed that macroinvertebrate drift decreased with flow velocity reduction and increased with DO depletion, in both winter and spring experiments. Despite single stressors opposing effects in drift ratio, combined stressors interaction (vL×dM and vL×dH) induced a positive synergistic drift effect for both seasons, but only in winter the drift ratio was different between the levels of DO depletion. Stressors interaction in winter seemed to intensify drift response when reached lower oxygen saturation. Also, drift patterns were different between seasons for all treatments, which may depend on individual's life stage and seasonal behaviour. Water scarcity seems to exacerbate the oxygen depletion conditions resulting into a greater drifting of invertebrates. The potential effects of oxygen depletion should be evaluated when addressing the impacts of water scarcity on river ecosystems, since flow reductions will likely contribute to a higher oxygen deficit, particularly in Mediterranean rivers.

The effects of oxygen depletion due to upwelling groundwater on the posthatch fitness of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

The conditions experienced by incubating Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) eggs are strongly influenced by hyporheic exchange. In some rivers, periods of intense groundwater upwelling can reduce oxygen levels in the incubation zone to 0% saturation. The present study investigated the effect of oxygen sags on the posthatch fitness of Atlantic salmon. A laboratory experiment allowed fine-scale control of oxygen concentrations to replicate those induced by low oxygen groundwater in rivers. Extreme oxygen sags in the earlier stages of embryo development resulted in a developmental lag with alevin hatching later and at an underdeveloped state. At the latest stages of development, oxygen sags caused premature hatching of severely underdeveloped alevin. These findings combined with a review of the literature suggest posthatch survival of embryos exposed to groundwater-induced hypoxia will be lower because of predation and poor competitiveness.

Effects of oxygen depletion on field distributions and laboratory survival of the marine copepodCalanus pacificus

Effects of oxygen depletion on field distributions and laboratory survival of the marine copepod<i>Calanus pacificus</i>

Assessment of microalgae and nitrifiers activity in a consortium in a continuous operation and the effect of oxygen depletion

Background: Industrial wastewaters with a high content of nitrogen are a relevant environmental problem. Currently, treatments to remove nitrogen are not efficient, so is necessary to develop alternative methods. The objective of this study is to investigate a consortium of microalgae - nitrifying, that due to the symbiosis between them could be an interesting alternative. Results: In this study, it was possible to obtain a consortium of nitrifying bacteria (NB) and microalgae (MA) capable of operating with low requirements of dissolved oxygen, using aerobic sludge from wastewater treatment plants. During the operation, this consortium presents removal percentages above 98% of ammonia, even at concentrations of DO of 0.5 mg O 2 L -1 . It is estimated that the removal was caused both by the action of nitrifying bacteria and microalgae. It was determined that approximately 60% of the ammonia feed was oxidized to nitrate by nitrifying bacteria, while the algae assimilated 40% of the nitrogen feed at steady state. A methodology for measuring the specific activities of nitrifying bacteria and microalgae by comparing the rates in the variation inorganic nitrogen compounds was established with satisfactory results. An average specific activity of 0.05 and 0.02 g NH 4 + gVSS -1 d -1 for nitrifying bacteria and microalgae was determined, respectively. Conclusions: The consortium it can be obtained in a single continuous operation, and has a high capacity for nitrogen removal with low oxygen content. The consortium could prove to be a more economical method compared to traditional. Normal 0 21 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:Tabla normal; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; mso-ansi-language:EN-US; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}

Effects of Oxygen Depletion on Transmembrane Protein Activities

Effects of Oxygen Depletion on Transmembrane Protein Activities

Surface water characteristics in the vicinity of lakes and drainage network

The quality analysis of surface water from a selected set of six lakes has been carried out for major ionic as well as trace elements for three different periods. The surface water quality is within the permissible limits. Furthermore, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) tests signify a relative oxygen-depletion effect and are known as a measure of pollution effect. Bimonthly variations of BOD and COD indicate high concentration in water samples and are given as bar charts. The concentration of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphate (TP) expressed in terms of trophic status index (TSI) is a measure of water column productivity to assess water lake quality. High concentrations of BOD, COD, TN, and TP may be attributed to the urban sewage. The TSI based on TN and TP concentration of lake water and sediment samples indicate that all the six studied lakes are under hyper eutrophic condition. Classification of surface water by Piper and Wilcox diagrams indicates a high sodium and salinity hazard.

Characterisation of open-door electrical cabinet fires in compartments

The study of electrical fires is a major concern for fire safety in the industry and more particularly for fire safety in nuclear facilities. To investigate this topic, IRSN conducted a large number of real-scale experiments involving open-door electrical cabinets burning firstly under a calorimetric hood and then inside a mechanically-ventilated compartment. The main challenges are to determine accurately the heat release rate of such a complex fire source in a vitiated atmosphere and to provide an experimental database for validating properly the combustible modelling, taking into account the oxygen depletion in an enclosure.After providing a detailed description of the fire scenarios and of the experimental apparatus, this paper focuses on the characteristic stages of the cabinet fire development, essentially based on the heat release rate time evolution of the fire. The effects of the confinement, of the outlet branch location, of the ventilation management and of the fire barrier on the fire source were then investigated. The reproducibility of electrical cabinet fires is also studied. A new model for complex fire source (applied in this study for open-door electrical cabinet fires) was then developed. This model was introduced in the zone code SYLVIA and the major features of the compartment fire experiments, such as characteristic heat release rate with effect of oxygen depletion and over-pressure peak were then calculated with a rather good agreement for this complex fire source (i.e. electrical cabinet).

Age-dependent survival and selected gene expression in Daphnia magna after short-term exposure to low dissolved oxygen

Accumulation and breakdown of large algal blooms often causes serious hypoxia in lakes, representing a major potential threat to zooplankton grazers such as Daphnia. Generally, populations comprise different age groups, whose molecular responses to environmental stressors are different. The aim of our study was to investigate the age-dependent effects of oxygen depletion on D. magna survival and selected gene expressions of energy-relevance and stress-defense. Four age groups of D. magna (1, 4, 7 and 14 days) were exposed to 0.0625, 0.125, 0.25 mM dissolved oxygen (DO) for 48 h. Results showed that survival rates of 14-day-old individuals in 0.0625 mM DO and 0.125 mM DO were much lower than those in 0.25 mM DO, while no significant difference was found in remaining age groups. Low DO up-regulated hemoglobin expression compared with the controls in all age groups; the similar pattern in a-esterase was observed when 1-day-old individuals were exposed to 0.0625 mM, 4and 7-day-old individuals at 0.125 mM, respectively. HSP70 and CAT expression were significantly upregulated in 1and 7-day-old individuals exposed to 0.125 mM. The findings indicate that age structure should be taken into account when interpreting dynamics of Daphnia populations affected by oxygen depletion. Age may modify energy reallocation and alter susceptibility of the organisms.

Acute and chronic environmental effects of clandestine methamphetamine waste

The illicit manufacture of methamphetamine (MAP) produces substantial amounts of hazardous waste that is dumped illegally. This study presents the first environmental evaluation of waste produced from illicit MAP manufacture. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) was measured to assess immediate oxygen depletion effects. A mixture of five waste components (10mg/L/chemical) was found to have a COD (130mg/L) higher than the European Union wastewater discharge regulations (125mg/L). Two environmental partition coefficients, KOW and KOC, were measured for several chemicals identified in MAP waste. Experimental values were input into a computer fugacity model (EPI Suite™) to estimate environmental fate. Experimental log KOW values ranged from −0.98 to 4.91, which were in accordance with computer estimated values. Experimental KOC values ranged from 11 to 72, which were much lower than the default computer values. The experimental fugacity model for discharge to water estimates that waste components will remain in the water compartment for 15 to 37days. Using a combination of laboratory experimentation and computer modelling, the environmental fate of MAP waste products was estimated. While fugacity models using experimental and computational values were very similar, default computer models should not take the place of laboratory experimentation.