Surface water characteristics in the vicinity of lakes and drainage network

Abstract

The quality analysis of surface water from a selected set of six lakes has been carried out for major ionic as well as trace elements for three different periods. The surface water quality is within the permissible limits. Furthermore, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) tests signify a relative oxygen-depletion effect and are known as a measure of pollution effect. Bimonthly variations of BOD and COD indicate high concentration in water samples and are given as bar charts. The concentration of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphate (TP) expressed in terms of trophic status index (TSI) is a measure of water column productivity to assess water lake quality. High concentrations of BOD, COD, TN, and TP may be attributed to the urban sewage. The TSI based on TN and TP concentration of lake water and sediment samples indicate that all the six studied lakes are under hyper eutrophic condition. Classification of surface water by Piper and Wilcox diagrams indicates a high sodium and salinity hazard.