Effectiveness Of Oral Health Education Research Articles

Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Pregnant Women regarding Oral Health Status and Treatment Needs following Oral Health Education in Pune District of Maharashtra: A Longitudinal Hospital-based Study.

Pregnancy is a natural process that may create some changes in different parts of the body including the oral cavity. These changes will lead to oral diseases if enough and timely care of oral cavity is not taken. Women may experience increased gingivitis or pregnancy gingivitis beginning in the second or third month of pregnancy that increases in severity throughout the duration of pregnancy. To motivate the patient toward oral health and implement the needed prophylactic measures, a longitudinal study was planned to observe the effect of oral health education during pregnancy on knowledge, attitude, practice, oral health status, and treatment needs (TNs) of pregnant women belonging to different socioeconomic groups. A longitudinal study was conducted among 112 pregnant women belonging to different socioeconomic groups to assess the effect of oral health education on knowledge, attitude, practice, oral health status, and TNs. The demographic details, knowledge, attitude, and practice of pregnant women, and oral health status were collected through a predesigned questionnaire by a principal investigator through an interview. Oral health examination was carried out to assess oral health status using revised World Health Organization Proforma 1997, and oral health education was given through PowerPoint presentation to the participants in local language, i.e., Marathi, after collecting the baseline data. Reinforcement of oral health education and blanket referral was done at 14th week, and follow-up data were collected at 28th week of gestation. The demographic details, such as age, sex, education, occupation, income, and the questions based on knowledge, attitude, and practice among participants were analyzed using number, percentage, and mean. At baseline, knowledge was limited, attitude was positive, while the practice was poor regarding oral health care during pregnancy in pregnant women belonging to different socioeconomic groups. After oral health education and blanket referral, at 28th week of gestation, knowledge regarding oral health care improved drastically, attitude toward oral health became more positive, whereas practice did not change much among all the pregnant women belonging to different socioeconomic groups, probably indicating sociocultural influences. Intensive oral health education during pregnancy leads to drastic improvement in knowledge and attitude. Practice, gingival health, and the number of filled teeth also improved to some extent. Regular oral health education programs should be conducted at community level among pregnant woman to reduce the burden of oral diseases.

Impact of Oral Health Education on Oral Health Knowledge of Private School Children in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia.

Aims and Objectives:To assess the early effect of oral health education on oral health knowledge of primary and intermediate school students of private schools by utilizing pre/post questionnaires data from oral health educational projects in Riyadh city, Saudi Arabia. Second, to examine topic-specific knowledge differences between genders, nationalities, and educational levels of the students.Materials and Methods:Cross-sectional oral health educational data of private school students (n = 1279) in primary and intermediate levels were extracted from the King Salman Centre for Children's Health (KSCCH) projects undertaken by Riyadh Colleges of Dentistry and Pharmacy. Student's pre- and post-test data were analyzed for changes in oral health knowledge. Overall knowledge score and topic-specific knowledge scores were calculated and the differences between gender, nationality, and educational level were examined using Mann–Whitney U-test. Pre/post change in the oral health knowledge was evaluated by Wilcoxon's sign rank test.Results:Immediately, after oral health educational session high knowledge score category showed an increase of 25.6%, medium and low knowledge score categories showed −3.2% and −22.3% decrease, and this change was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Comparison of correct responses between pre- and post-test showed statistically significant (P < 0.05) increase in all the questions except for the timing of tooth brushing. Females, non-Saudi nationals and students in primary level of education showed significantly high mean knowledge (P < 0.001) at posttest assessment.Conclusion:Primary and intermediate private school student's overall, and topic-specific oral health knowledge improved immediately after educational intervention provided by KSCCH. High knowledge gain was observed among female non-Saudi primary school students.

Effectiveness of Oral Health Education among Community Health Workers Based on Communication-Behavior Change Model

The purpose of this study wasassess the effectiveness of health education based on Communicationbehavior change model (McGuire, 1984) in improving the knowledge, attitude and practices of the ASHA and Anganwadi workers regarding oral health.

Oral health education (advice and training) for people with serious mental illness.

People with serious mental illness not only experience an erosion of functioning in day-to-day life over a protracted period of time, but evidence also suggests that they have a greater risk of experiencing oral disease and greater oral treatment needs than the general population. Poor oral hygiene has been linked to coronary heart disease, diabetes, and respiratory disease and impacts on quality of life, affecting everyday functioning such as eating, comfort, appearance, social acceptance, and self esteem. Oral health, however, is often not seen as a priority in people suffering with serious mental illness. To review the effects of oral health education (advice and training) with or without monitoring for people with serious mental illness. We searched the Cochrane Schizophrenia Group's Trials Register (5 November 2015), which is based on regular searches of MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, BIOSIS, AMED, PubMed, PsycINFO, and clinical trials registries. There are no language, date, document type, or publication status limitations for inclusion of records in the register. All randomised clinical trials focusing on oral health education (advice and training) with or without monitoring for people with serious mental illness. We extracted data independently. For binary outcomes, we calculated risk ratio (RR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI), on an intention-to-treat basis. For continuous data, we estimated the mean difference (MD) between groups and its 95% CI. We employed a fixed-effect model for analyses. We assessed risk of bias for included studies and created 'Summary of findings' tables using GRADE. We included three randomised controlled trials (RCTs) involving 1358 participants. None of the studies provided useable data for the key outcomes of not having seen a dentist in the past year, not brushing teeth twice a day, chronic pain, clinically important adverse events, and service use. Data for leaving the study early and change in plaque index scores were provided. Oral health education compared with standard careWhen 'oral health education' was compared with 'standard care', there was no clear difference between the groups for numbers leaving the study early (1 RCT, n = 50, RR 1.67, 95% CI 0.45 to 6.24, moderate-quality evidence), while for dental state: no clinically important change in plaque index, an effect was found. Although this was statistically significant and favoured the intervention group, it is unclear if it was clinically important (1 RCT, n = 40, MD - 0.50 95% CI - 0.62 to - 0.38, very low quality evidence).These limited data may have implications regarding improvement in oral hygiene. Motivational interview + oral health education compared with oral health educationSimilarly, when 'motivational interview + oral health education' was compared with 'oral health education', there was no clear difference for the outcome of leaving the study early (1 RCT, n = 60 RR 3.00, 95% CI 0.33 to 27.23, moderate-quality evidence), while for dental state: no clinically important change in plaque index, an effect favouring the intervention group was found (1 RCT, n = 56, MD - 0.60 95% CI - 1.02 to - 0.18 very low-quality evidence). These limited, clinically opaque data may or may not have implications regarding improvement in oral hygiene. Monitoring compared with no monitoringFor this comparison, only data for leaving the study early were available. We found a difference in numbers leaving early, favouring the 'no monitoring' group (1 RCT, n = 1682, RR 1.07, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.14, moderate-quality evidence). However, these data are problematic. The control denominator is implied and not clear, and follow-up did not depend only on individual participants, but also on professional caregivers and organisations - the latter changing frequently resulting in poor follow-up, but not a good reflection of the acceptability of the monitoring to patients. For this comparison, no data were available for 'no clinically important change in plaque index'. We found no evidence from trials that oral health advice helps people with serious mental illness in terms of clinically meaningful outcomes. It makes sense to follow guidelines and recommendations such as those put forward by the British Society for Disability and Oral Health working group until better evidence is generated. Pioneering trialists have shown that evaluative studies relevant to oral health advice for people with serious mental illness are possible.

산업간호사를 대상으로 한 구강보건교육의 효과 평가

The purpose of this study was to evaluate effects of oral health education for occupational health nurses. The subjects were 300 occupational health nurses which participated in continuing education of Korean Association of Occupational Health Nurses. Oral health education contents consisted of basic knowledge about oral health, prevention of periodontal disease, oral health care for workers, and oral health program for workers. In order to evaluate the effects of oral health education, we performed questionnaire surveys before and after the education regarding their perceived oral health status and concern for oral health, knowledge about prevention of periodontal disease, attitude about oral health promotion, and needs for implementation of oral health promotion program. The data were analyzed by paired t-test to compare the change of knowledge and attitude according to the education. Linear regression analysis was carried out to assess the factors related to the improvement of their knowledge and attitude. The findings indicated that oral health knowledge and attitude of occupational health nurses were significantly improved by oral health education. A factor of the improvement of knowledge and attitude was concern for oral health. And they would like to be provided primarily oral health education for occupational health nurses. Finally, this study suggested that oral health education for occupational health nurses had significantly effects on improving oral health knowledge and attitude.

“Effectiveness of Oral health education on Oral hygiene of School children aged 13–15 years by Dentist and School teacher - A Randomized Control Trial”

Purpose: To assess the effectiveness of oral health education by dentist and school teacher on school children oral hygiene status in Dharwad city. Materials and Methods: Randomized controlled trial was conducted by selecting 6 schools and were divided into 2 government, 2 un-aided and 2 aided school. One government school was selected for dentist to provide oral health education and another government school for school teacher to provide oral health education. Similarly, with the un-aided and aided school. At the baseline Plaque index (Silness and Loe) and Gingival index (Loe and Silness) of school children was assessed. After 1 and half months reinforcement of oral health education was done followed by assessment of Plaque and Gingival index of school children after 3 months. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 21.0. Intergroup comparison was done using Chi square test, Kruskal wali test. Result: Dentist educating school children showed statistical significant difference in plaque and gingival score in all the 3 school (P < 0.05). School teacher group showed Statistical significant difference in only unaided school (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Dentist is effective in improving oral hygiene status of school children in all the 3 school. Whereas, school teacher are effective in only un-aided school. Keywords: Oral health education, Plaque index, Gingival index, Oral hygiene status, School children

Effect of oral health education in the form of Braille and oral health talk on oral hygiene knowledge, practices, and status of 12-17 years old visually impaired school girls in Pune city: A comparative study.

Aim:To assess the effect of oral health education (OHE) in the form of Braille and combination with Oral health talk (OHT) on oral hygiene knowledge, practices, and status of 12–17 years old visually impaired school girls in Pune city.Materials and Methods:A 6-week comparative study was conducted among 74 residential visually impaired school girls aged 12–17 years, who were trained to read Braille. The participants were divided into two groups, namely, Group A (n = 37) receiving OHE only in the form of Braille and Group B (n = 37) receiving OHE in form of Braille and OHT at baseline, 2, and 4-week interval. Oral health knowledge was assessed using a self-administered, pre-validated, pre-tested questionnaire typed in Marathi Braille. Assessment of oral hygiene practices and status was done using standardized proforma and simplified oral hygiene index (OHI-S), respectively, at baseline and at the end of 6 weeks. Data was analyzed using paired and unpaired Student's t-test.Results:The results showed a statistically significant increase in oral health knowledge levels in Group B (4.95 ± 1.66) as compared to Group A (2.97 ± 1.28). There was a significant increase in the frequency of mouth-rinsing in Group B (97.3%) as compared to Group A (86.5%) as well as in the tongue cleaning practice in Group B (100%) as compared to Group A (81.1%) at the end of 6 weeks.Conclusion:OHE in the form of Braille and OHT was more effective than OHE using only Braille.

Effectiveness of oral health education versus nicotine replacement therapy for tobacco cessation- a parallel randomized clinical trial.

BackgroundIndia has millions of tobacco users. It is the leading cause of deaths due to oral cancer and hence needs effective strategies to curb it. Hence the aim of present study was to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of Oral Health Education (OHE) and Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT) in tobacco cessation.Material and MethodsThe clinical trial consisted of Manohar Lal Kapoor (MLK) factory workers (n= 40) giving history of tobacco consumption (smoking/smokeless) within past 30 days. They were randomized into OHE (n=20) and NRT (n=20) groups. Baseline evaluation (demographic, smoking/ smokeless behaviour) was done. Fagerstrom test was used for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) and to assess nicotine addiction level. Follow up was done at an interval of 1week, 2 weeks, 1 month, 2 months and 3 months to assess the reduction in the mean FTND score. “Nano-CheckTM Rapid Nicotine test” was used for the qualitative detection of cotinine in human urine. Appropriate statistical analysis was performed (Paired and Unpaired t test).ResultsIn both OHE and NRT group there was a significant reduction (p< 0.00001) in mean Fagerstrom score at every follow up but when both the groups were compared mean Fagerstrom score reduction was more in NRT than OHE at all time interval though it was not statistically significant (p>0.05).ConclusionsNRT is better than OHE when both the groups were compared. However, it was found that any intervention given to tobacco users either NRT or OHE is helpful for the patients in the process of quitting tobacco. Key words:Tobacco cessation, nicotine replacement therapy, oral health education, fagerstrom test, urine cotinine.

“Effectiveness of oral health education on school children aged 13–15 years by dentist and school teacher”

Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of dentist educating school children and school teacher educating school children in improving knowledge, attitude and behaviour of school children. Materials and methods: Six schools were selected and were divided into 2 government school, 2 aided school and 2 un-aided school. Each school was selected for dentist to provide oral health education another school was selected for school teacher to provide oral health education. At the baseline knowledge, attitude and behaviour of school children was assessed by questionnaire. Followed by oral health education by dentist to school children and school teacher, followed by school teacher educating school children. After 3 months the knowledge, attitude and behaviour questionnaire was re-assessed using same questionnaire. Results: Dentist educating school children showed statistically significant improvement in the knowledge, attitude and behaviour of school children in all the 3 school. Whereas, school teacher group showed statistically significant improvement in only un-aided school. Government school and aided school showed significant improvement in knowledge score only. Conclusion: Dentist are effective in improving knowledge, attitude and behaviour of school children of all the 3 school. Whereas school teacher are effective in improving knowledge, attitude and behaviour of school children of un- aided school. Keywords: Oral health education, Knowledge, Attitude, Behaviour, School children

유치원 아동들의 구강보건교육 융합 효과

본 연구는 유치원 아동들의 구강보건교육 효과를 파악하기 위해 K지역 유치원 2곳의 6-7세 아동 214명을 대상으로 2015년 7월 주 1회 4주간 구강보건교육과 설문을 실시하였다. 그 결과 구강건강관리 실태 중 정기검진을 받는 아동(p<0.05), 불소도포경험이 있는 아동(p<0.05), 치아우식증 진단을 받은 경험이 없는 아동(p<0.001), 어머니가 구강보건교육을 받은 경험이 있는 아동(p<0.05)의 구강보건행위 점수가 높아 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다. 구강보건교육 후 구강보건지식은 6점 만점에 교육 전 4.96점에서 교육 후 5.54점으로 향상되었고, 구강보건행위도 11점 만점에 교육 전 7.18점에서 교육 후 7.75점으로 향상되었다(p<0.001). 따라서 아동의 올바른 구강보건행위을 이끌어 갈 수 있는 다양한 구강보건교육 프로그램의 개발과 교육 주기를 짧게 하여 체계적이고 반복적인 실천교육이 이루어져야 할 것으로 생각된다. To study the effects of oral health education on children, weekly education sessions and surveys were held for 214 preschoolers, 6-7 years of age, in 2 K-area kindergartens for 4 weeks in July 2015. Statistics on oral health behaviors such as children with regular dental checkups(p<0.05), children who underwent fluoride application(p<0.05), children without dental caries diagnosis(p<0.001), children with mothers who underwent oral health education(p<0.05) showed significant difference. Oral health knowledge scores(6 being perfect) increased from pre-education scores of 4.96 to post-education score of 5.54. oral health behavior scores(11 being perfect) also increased from pre-education scores of 7.18 to post-education score of 7.75(p<0.001). Therefore, it is the author's opinion that the development of oral health education programs with relatively short cycles, alongside systematic, practical, and repeated education would be beneficial.

Qscan&lt;sup&gt;TM&lt;/sup&gt;을 이용한 노인 구강보건교육의 효과

Objectives: The purpose of the study is to investigate the effect of oral health education for the elderly using QscanTM. Methods: This study was a quasi-experiment design of nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design carried out by oral health education from January 17 to March 7, 2015. The subjects were 64 elderly people over 65 years old who had more than one remaining teeth in the anterior teeth and canines living in Hongseong-gun and assigned to 33 control group and 31 intervention group. The intervention group was measured only by QscanTM. The educational effect between two groups were evaluated using oral health behavior, gingivitis index, and plaque index. After Institutional Review Board from Namseoul N University, the elderly people participated in the study. Results: The intervention group showed lower plaque index of percent reduction than the control group. The two groups showed a significant difference in gingival index after the oral health education(p<0.05), but did not show a significant difference in oral health behavior after the oral health education(p<0.05). Conclusions: The effect of oral health education through the motivation of QscanTM was very effective in the comparison of oral health behavior, gingival index and plaque index.

The effect of oral health education and treatment on dental caries prevalence among primary schoolchildren in Nagrota Bagwan Block of Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, India: A school-based cross-sectional study

Background: The study was taken up with the aim to study the prevalence of dental caries to improve oral health through health education, early diagnosis and treatment, and to evaluate the impact of intervention (treatment and oral health education) on oral health in the schoolgoing children of Nagrota Bagwan Block of Kangra district, Himachal Pradesh, India. Materials and Methods: A total number of 3,069 schoolchildren in the age group of 5-12 years studying in 96 government primary schools of the study area were surveyed to find out dental caries using dentition status and treatment need index [World Health Organization (WHO) diagnostic criteria, 1997]. Oral health education and treatment were provided and the data were collected again after 6 months of intervention. Results: The overall caries prevalence of subjects decreased from 58.4% at the baseline to 45.4% after 6 months following intervention with high caries prevalence in females as compared to males and in the 9-12 years age group as compared to the 5-8 years age group. The mean decayed, missing, and filled teeth (dmft/DMFT) was 2.05 ± 4.13 and 2.56 ± 4.20 at the baseline, 2.04 ± 2.9 and 2.51 ± 2.97 at 6 months in 5-8 years age group and 9-12 years age group, respectively. Conclusion: The findings of the study demonstrated that schoolchildren in Nagrota Bagwan Block of Kangra district, Himachal Pradesh, India suffer from high prevalence of dental caries. Oral health education and intervention conducted after 3-month intervals were effective in reducing dental caries experience in schoolchildren.

구강보건교육이 구강환경관리 능력지수(PHP index)에 미치는 영향

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of oral health education on adolescents. Methods: The subjects were middle school students in a health promoting school in Gunpo, Gyeonggi Province. Before giving the students oral health instruction, their modified Patient Hygiene Performance index (PHP index) was measured using disclosing solution. Then, the students were taught the right way to brush teeth (Rolling method) and use oral hygiene devices such as dental floss, tongue cleaner and interdental brush. Their modified PHP index was re-measured three days after and seven days after the education to evaluate the effect and persistency of oral health education. of the total 116 students, 48 students who completely filled out the questionnaire and participated in the whole process, photo shooting and three times of PHP index measurement, were included in the final analysis. Results: The students' modified PHP index significantly decreased three days after the education. However, the index slightly went back up seven days after the oral health education. Conclusion: Oral health education was effective in reducing dental plaque which remained after brushing. Continuous education about and constant motivation for oral hygiene turned out to be critical to maintain the impact of oral health education. Therefore, it is necessary to develop educational contents which can constantly motivate teenagers.

일부 초등학생의 학년에 따른 구강보건교육 효과 비교

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of oral health education conducted by a dental hygienist in order to provide some information on intensive oral health education to elementary school students. Methods : Subjects were the students of J and M elementary schools in Seoul from October 28 to November 16, 2011. Oral health education was provided by a dental hygienist, and then they took the PHP test again to verify the effect of the oral health education. Results : Concerning changes in PHP scores after the oral health education, the scores of the students dropped from 2.34 in the pretest to 1.85 in the posttest(p<.001). As to changes in PHP scores by grade after the oral health education, the third graders and sixth graders got 2.40 and 1.36, respectively. Regarding satisfaction level with the oral health education, they got 4.07 out of five points. Among the items of satisfaction with the oral health education by grade, there were significant gaps in a change of toothbrushing method(p<.001) and a change of dietary control(p<.001) by grade. Conclusions : The finding of the study showed that both the third and sixth graders had less score in the PHP test and credibility to the effectiveness of the oral health education by the dental hygienist.

Effectiveness of oral health education among primary health care workers at the primary health center in Nellore district, Andhra Pradesh

Background: Primary dental care can be a way of achieving good oral health for the community. This can be achieved by integration of oral health care with the existing primary health care activities through training of primary health care workers on aspects of oral health. Objective: To assess the effectiveness of oral health education among primary health care workers at the primary health center (PHC) in Nellore district, Andhra Pradesh. Materials and Methods: Descriptive longitudinal study was conducted from June 2010 to August 2010 at a PHC. Knowledge about oral health among primary health care workers was pretested using a self-administered questionnaire prepared in local language (Telugu). Later after a month health education was provided to the health workers, and pamphlets with information on oral health were distributed. Posttest assessment was done 1-month after providing health education using the same questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS 12.0 software, Student's t-test was used to compare knowledge scores between pre and posttests. Results: A total of 118 Primary Health Care Workers with the majority in the 20-30 years age group participated in the study. Posttest assessment showed a change in knowledge level with an overall increase in knowledge level of primary health care workers with a mean difference of 12.56 ± 3.23, which was highly significant (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The knowledge about oral health was poor, and it improved after providing health education to primary health care workers. Change in knowledge was appreciable and may play a key role in oral health promotion of the vast majority of the rural population.

The effect of oral health education seminar on the oral health knowledge, practice and perception of role of the preschool teachers

Background: In Malaysia, preschool teachers have long been utilised as oral health educators. However their level of oral health knowledge and effectiveness of the training they received are seldom investigated. This study aims to evaluate the of oral health education seminar (OHE) held for public preschool teachers (KEMAS) in terms of the improvement of their knowledge, practices and attitudes Methods: This was a one arm interventional study (before and after survey following OHE seminar intervention). All KEMAS preschool teachers (n=107) in Hulu Terengganu were invited to attend OHE seminar which consisted of 1 hour lecture and 40 minutes OHE demonstration. Pre- test questionnaire was collected before the seminar started and post-test questionnaire was collected two weeks later. A self-administered questionnaire used in this study was adapted from “preschool teachers’ knowledge, practices and attitudes towards oral health”, National Oral Health Survey of Preschool Children, 2005. Data were analysed using descriptive and McNemar test, SPSS version 15.0. Results: Of 107 subjects, only 61 teachers responded yielding to 57% response rate. All subjects were female with mean age of 46 years (SD: 6.03). Overall, there was an improvement of teachers’ oral health knowledge, practices and attitudes after the seminar. Several items seem to have be improved significantly after the seminar, for example knowledge item on factors causing periodontal disease (p=0.03). In terms of practice, all teachers reported they brushed teeth at least twice daily using fluoridated toothpaste and use of dental floss was increased significantly after the seminar (p<0.001). Majority of teachers have positive perceptions on their roles in oral health education. Conclusion: Oral health education seminar appeared to be effective at influencing certain aspects of teachers’ oral health knowledge, practices and attitudes.

Training caregivers: disabilities and dental hygiene

The purpose of the study was to measure the effectiveness of oral health education and training among caregivers. Controlled study design. Participants were randomized from the sample n = 30. n = 14 participants in the experimental group and n = 10 in the control group. The experimental group received a lecture and hands-on training in oral hygiene procedures. The control group received a facilitated group discussion. Both groups received a pre-post test. Considering the two groups independently, using a paired t-test, the experimental group, n = 14 had a score difference of 0.0607 (P-value = 0.01) and the control group n = 10, had a score difference of 0.035 (P-value = 0.14). This study found that knowledge was improved among caregivers following the implementation of formal oral hygiene training. Although the control group also showed some improvements with the facilitated discussion, the results are not significant to say that both the formal training and the facilitated discussion are equally important in training caregivers effectively.

Efek penyuluhan metode demonstrasi menyikat gigi terhadap penurunan indeks plak gigi pada murid sekolah dasar Effect of demonstration method counseling on brushing teeth to the decreasing of plaque value of elementary school students

Dental and oral health education to primary school children is one of the efforts to improve the health of the teeth inchildren for the preventive and promotive aspects. The choice of demonstration method on dental and oral healtheducation to support increasing understanding of the child, with doing practice the correct way to brush teeth. Thepurpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of oral health education to decrease plaque index at sixth gradeelementary school students. This research is a quasi-field experimental design with pre and posttest with control group.Subjects consisted of all sixth grade students in the village Padang Loang, District Patampanua, Pinrang. With clusterrandom sampling got 49 students. Data were analyzed using t-test. The results showed that one week after illuminationwas applied value of plaque decline 2.269 at the treatment group. While the control group have increasing value ofplaque 0.485. The data indicate that there are effects of oral and dental health education demonstration method insixth grade elementary school students. It was concluded that the introduction of the importance of oral health as ahealth maintenance efforts should be done from an early ages, it needs good cooperation between students, teachersand parents.

Effect of oral health education and fluoridated dentifrices on the oral health status of visually impaired children

Visually impaired children are challenged everyday in their everyday skills. Oral hygiene practices among visually impaired children require a special approach with time and patience. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of oral health education and fluoridated dentifrices on the oral health status of visually impaired children.Materials and Methods:Fifty visually impaired children between 8 and 12 years of age formed the study group. Oral health education and motivation was done with the help of Braille. Modified Bass method of brushing was taught to the children and the required dental treatment was done. Subjects were randomly divided into two equal groups fluoridated and non-fluoridated. Oral hygiene index -simplified, DMFT, deft index, and Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus count were assessed at baseline, immediately after the treatment and at 3, 6, and 12 month intervals. The oral health awareness was assessed using a questionnaire at the beginning and end of the study.Results:At baseline, the mean OHI-S, DMFT and deft scores were 2.72, 0.47, and 0.51 respectively. At the end of 12 months there was a significant decrease in OHI-S scores in the fluoridated group. No significant difference was seen in DMFT and deft between the fluoridated and non-fluoridated groups at the different time interval. After the oral health education and comprehensive treatment there was a reduction in Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus counts in both groups; however, at the end of 3, 6, 12 months there was a significant decrease in fluoridated group as compared to the non-fluoridated. The oral health awareness increased significantly at the end of the study.Conclusion:The oral health education and motivation formulated for the visually impaired children was effective in improving their oral health status. Fluoridated dentifrices decreased the Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus counts and improved the oral hygiene status.

The impact of integration of dental services on oral health in long‐term care: qualitative analysis

To qualitatively analyse how integration of dental service in long-term care (LTC) impacts residents and their oral health. Few studies have attempted to merge inductive and deductive data to clarify the significance of the complex psychosocial environment in LTC facilities. Understanding the subjective oral health experience of LTC residents in their social setting is key to uncovering behavioural patterns that may be limiting the oral care provided to LTC residents. A cross-sectional study was performed involving 61 residents in three Ontario LTC facilities. Observations and reflective notes were recorded during open-ended interviews using a structured questionnaire to stimulate conversation topics. This ensured that each resident received the same prompting during the interview process. Inductive analysis was used to identify common patterns and themes within field notes and transcriptions. The major themes identified included oral hygiene, oral discomfort, general health, appearance, dental access, and denture related issues. Oral hygiene and discomfort were the dominating categories within the facilities. Two of the three LTC centres identified in this study failed to provide appropriate oral care for their residents. Future research needs to be directed at prospective studies assessing the effect of oral health education and mandatory dental examinations o entry within LTC centres utilising qualitative and quantitative analyses.