Abstract
BackgroundIndia has millions of tobacco users. It is the leading cause of deaths due to oral cancer and hence needs effective strategies to curb it. Hence the aim of present study was to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of Oral Health Education (OHE) and Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT) in tobacco cessation.Material and MethodsThe clinical trial consisted of Manohar Lal Kapoor (MLK) factory workers (n= 40) giving history of tobacco consumption (smoking/smokeless) within past 30 days. They were randomized into OHE (n=20) and NRT (n=20) groups. Baseline evaluation (demographic, smoking/ smokeless behaviour) was done. Fagerstrom test was used for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) and to assess nicotine addiction level. Follow up was done at an interval of 1week, 2 weeks, 1 month, 2 months and 3 months to assess the reduction in the mean FTND score. “Nano-CheckTM Rapid Nicotine test” was used for the qualitative detection of cotinine in human urine. Appropriate statistical analysis was performed (Paired and Unpaired t test).ResultsIn both OHE and NRT group there was a significant reduction (p< 0.00001) in mean Fagerstrom score at every follow up but when both the groups were compared mean Fagerstrom score reduction was more in NRT than OHE at all time interval though it was not statistically significant (p>0.05).ConclusionsNRT is better than OHE when both the groups were compared. However, it was found that any intervention given to tobacco users either NRT or OHE is helpful for the patients in the process of quitting tobacco. Key words:Tobacco cessation, nicotine replacement therapy, oral health education, fagerstrom test, urine cotinine.
Highlights
Tobacco is a well-acknowledged social and health evil
It is hypothesised that oral health education and nicotine replacement therapy are effective for tobacco cessation
Present study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of Oral Health Education and Nicotine Replacement Therapy for tobacco cessation
Summary
Tobacco is a well-acknowledged social and health evil. The history of tobacco use traces back to the dawn of human civilization and has deeply entrenched into the human society since time immemorial. Present study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of Oral Health Education and Nicotine Replacement Therapy for tobacco cessation. Material and Methods -Study Design A parallel randomized clinical trial was designed to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of oral health education and nicotine replacement therapy among tobacco users of MLK factory, Lucknow. -Oral Health Education (OHE): The intervention served as a control arm but provided information on the harmful effects of tobacco use It included initiating assessment and intervention using the 5 A’s which comprised of Asking about the tobacco use, Advising the patient to quit, Assessing the patient’s willingness to quit, Assisting the patient to quit by counselling using a pictorial depiction of the various harmful side effects of tobacco in the form of a power point presentation and booklet designed for this study and arranging follow up contacts for relapse prevention by psychological support.
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